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Yu Z, Wang Z, Liu L. Electrophysiological techniques in marine microalgae study: A new perspective for harmful algal bloom (HAB) research. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 134:102629. [PMID: 38705615 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrophysiological techniques, by measuring bioelectrical signals and ion channel activities in tissues and cells, are now widely utilized to study ion channel-related physiological functions and their underlying mechanisms. Electrophysiological techniques have been extensively employed in the investigation of animals, plants, and microorganisms; however, their application in marine algae lags behind that in other organisms. In this paper, we present an overview of current electrophysiological techniques applicable to algae while reviewing the historical usage of such techniques in this field. Furthermore, we explore the potential specific applications of electrophysiological technology in harmful algal bloom (HAB) research. The application prospects in the studies of stress tolerance, competitive advantage, nutrient absorption, toxin synthesis and secretion by HAB microalgae are discussed and anticipated herein with the aim of providing novel perspectives on HAB investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhongshi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lidong Liu
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brian Health and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Fang J, Liu X, He W, Li S, Mu J, Li L, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhou K. Establishment of colloidal gold immunochromatography strip for rapid detection of Karen mikimotoi and its application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109123-109134. [PMID: 37759065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In China, harmful algal blooms (HABs) are one of the most prominent ecological disasters in the coastal areas. Among the harmful algae species that cause HABs, Karen mikimotoi is a kind of algae that appear frequently. It can secrete hemolytic toxins and fish toxins such as glycolipids and unsaturated fatty, posing a significant threat to marine life. In order to establish a fast and effective detection technology for Karen mikimotoi that can be promoted and applied on site, we have developed a test strip which is based on monoclonal antibody technology and the colloidal gold immune-chromatography assay (GICA). The experimental results show that this test strip can detect different growth stages including growth, and stable and recession period of Karen mikimotoi. The detection results can be displayed within 3-15 min. It had high sensitivity and specificity, with a detection limit of 754 cells/mL. A colorimetric card was made to further determine the concentration of algae detected. What is more, we had developed a method that can be used for on-site enrichment of algae cells using a syringe to detect lower concentrations of Karen mikimotoi, with a minimum detection concentration of 100 cells/mL. Also the test strip was used for on-site testing along the coast of China. This test strip not only serves as a warning for the outbreak of red tide, but also provides a new approach for the development of rapid detection technology for red tide algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgong Zhang
- Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Wijaya W, Suhaimi Z, Chua CX, Sunil RS, Kolundžija S, Rohaizat AMB, Azmi NBM, Hazrin-Chong NH, Lauro FM. Frequent pulse disturbances shape resistance and resilience in tropical marine microbial communities. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:55. [PMID: 37280348 PMCID: PMC10244338 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Johor Strait separates the island of Singapore from Peninsular Malaysia. A 1-kilometer causeway built in the early 1920s in the middle of the strait effectively blocks water flowing to/from either side, resulting in low water turnover rates and build-up of nutrients in the inner Strait. We have previously shown that short-term rather than seasonal environmental changes influence microbial community composition in the Johor Strait. Here, we present a temporally-intensive study that uncovers the factors keeping the microbial populations in check. We sampled the surface water at four sites in the inner Eastern Johor Strait every other day for two months, while measuring various water quality parameters, and analysed 16S amplicon sequences and flow-cytometric counts. We discovered that microbial community succession revolves around a common stable state resulting from frequent pulse disturbances. Among these, sporadic riverine freshwater input and regular tidal currents influence bottom-up controls including the availability of the limiting nutrient nitrogen and its biological release in readily available forms. From the top-down, marine viruses and predatory bacteria limit the proliferation of microbes in the water. Harmful algal blooms, which have been observed historically in these waters, may occur only when there are simultaneous gaps in the top-down and bottom-up controls. This study gains insight into complex interactions between multiple factors contributing to a low-resistance but high-resilience microbial community and speculate about rare events that could lead to the occurrence of an algal bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winona Wijaya
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zahirah Suhaimi
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Center for Southeast Asian Coastal Interactions, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Cherlyn Xin'Er Chua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohan Shawn Sunil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sandra Kolundžija
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Norzarifah Binti Md Azmi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Federico M Lauro
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Effects of nitrate and ammonium on assimilation of nitric oxide by Heterosigma akashiwo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:621. [PMID: 36635297 PMCID: PMC9837059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo possesses a hybrid nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme, NR2-2/2HbN, which has the potential to convert NO to nitrate for assimilation into biomass. In previous research, NR transcription in H. akashiwo was induced by nitrate while NR activity was inhibited by ammonium. Here, the capacity of H. akashiwo to use NO in the presence of nitrate and/or ammonium was investigated to understand the regulation of NO assimilation. Continuous cultures of H. akashiwo were acclimated to growth on nitrate, ammonium, or a mixture of both. Aliquots from these cultures were spiked with 15N-labeled NO. The expression of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation was evaluated, as well as nitrate reductase activity and assimilation of 15N-labeled nitrogen into algal biomass. Results showed that NO induced expression and activity of NR, and upregulated expression of GOGAT regardless of the presence of other inorganic nitrogen sources, while GS expression decreased over time. Furthermore, 15NO uptake and assimilation was significantly higher in cultures acclimated for growth on ammonium compared to cultures acclimated for growth on nitrate alone. Assimilation of NO may provide H. akashiwo with a competitive advantage in N-poor environments or areas with elevated NO.
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Ok JH, Jeong HJ, Lee SY, Park SA, Noh JH. Shimiella gen. nov. and Shimiella gracilenta sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Kareniaceae), a Kleptoplastidic Dinoflagellate from Korean Waters and its Survival under Starvation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:70-91. [PMID: 32880944 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A small dinoflagellate, ~13 μm in cell length, was isolated from Jinhae Bay, Korea. Light microscopy showed that it was similar to the kleptoplastidic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium gracilentum nom. inval. rDNA sequences were obtained and its anatomy and morphology described using light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that it belonged to the family Kareniaceae. However, its large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences were 5.2-9.5% different from those of the other five genera in the family, and its clade was clearly divergent from that of each genus. Its overall morphology was different from those of the other five genera in the family and from Gymnodinium. Unlike Gymnodinium, this dinoflagellate did not have a horseshoe-shaped apical groove, nuclear envelope chambers, or a nuclear fibrous connective (NFC). It had an apical line of narrow amphiesmal vesicles and an elongated apical furrow crossing the apex. Cells were covered with polygonal amphiesmal vesicles arranged in 16 rows. Starved cells did not contain their own plastids, eyespots, pyrenoids, peridinin, or fucoxanthin. However, they could survive without added prey for approximately one month using chloroplasts from the cryptophyte prey Teleaulax amphioxeia, indicating kleptoplastidy. Because this taxon is genetically distinct at the generic rank from the other genera in Kareniaceae, it is placed in Shimiella gen. nov., and because G. gracilentum was invalid, the new bionomial S. gracilenta sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Noh
- Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Korea
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Lauritano C, Ianora A. Chemical Defense in Marine Organisms. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100518. [PMID: 33080956 PMCID: PMC7589352 DOI: 10.3390/md18100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Elleuch J, Barkallah M, Smith KF, Ben Neila I, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Quantitative PCR assay for the simultaneous identification and enumeration of multiple Karenia species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36889-36899. [PMID: 32577959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the method of choice for specific detection and quantification of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. Development of qPCR assay for simultaneous enumeration of species that frequently co-exist in HABs is required. A high sensitivity TaqMan qPCR assay, using probe and primers, located at ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, detecting, specifically, Karenia selliformis, K. bidigitata, and K. mikimotoi, was designed. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region copy numbers per Karenia cell genome were estimated to 217.697 ± 67.904, allowing cell quantification. An application of the designed methodology in field samples has been conducted, and it showed high sensitivity (detection of around 10-1 cell/100 mg of bivalve mollusk tissue, equivalent to about 20 copies of the target sequence). We suggest that the optimized method could contribute to early detection of three closely related Karenia species in seafood cultivating areas to promote control quality, guarantee a fast and effective intervention, and improve public health prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Barkallah
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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