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Escribano-Álvarez P, Castro MG, Pertierra LR, Olalla-Tárraga MÁ. Intra and interspecific differences in desiccation tolerance in native and alien Antarctic springtails in geothermal grounds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:357-363. [PMID: 38318929 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The extreme low humidity and temperatures in Antarctica make it one of the harsher areas for life on our planet. In a global change context, environmental barriers that prevented the arrival of alien species in Antarctica are weakening. Deception Island, one of the four active volcanoes of Antarctica, is especially vulnerable to the impacts of alien species. Geothermal areas (GA) in this Island offer unique microclimatic conditions that could differentially affect native and alien soil arthropods. Here we explore the desiccation tolerance of a native (Cryptopygus antarcticus) and an alien (Proisotoma minuta) springtail (Collembola) species to these extreme environmental conditions. GA and non-geothermal areas (NGA) were selected to evaluate intra- and interspecific variation in desiccation tolerance. Populations of P. minuta from GA had greater desiccation tolerance than populations from NGA. However, desiccation tolerance of C. antarcticus did not differ between GA and NGA. This native species had greater desiccation tolerance than the alien P. minuta, but also greater body size. Our findings show that the alien P. minuta responds differently to environmental conditions than the native C. antarcticus. Furthermore, body size may influence desiccation tolerance in these two springtail species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Escribano-Álvarez
- Dpto, Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Cambio Global. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain
| | - Mario G Castro
- Dpto, Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Cambio Global. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain
| | - Luis R Pertierra
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Á Olalla-Tárraga
- Dpto, Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Cambio Global. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain
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DePoy AN, King GM. Distribution and diversity of anaerobic thermophiles and putative anaerobic nickel-dependent carbon monoxide-oxidizing thermophiles in mesothermal soils and sediments. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1096186. [PMID: 36699584 PMCID: PMC9868602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1096186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though thermophiles are best known from geothermal and other heated systems, numerous studies have demonstrated that they occur ubiquitously in mesothermal and permanently cold soils and sediments. Cultivation based studies of the latter have revealed that the thermophiles within them are mostly spore-forming members of the Firmicutes. Since the geographic distribution of spores is presumably unconstrained by transport through the atmosphere, similar communities (composition and diversity) of thermophiles might be expected to emerge in mesothermal habitats after they are heated. Alternatively, thermophiles might experience environmental selection before or after heating leading to divergent communities. After demonstrating the ubiquity of anaerobic thermophiles and CO uptake in a variety of mesothermal habitats and two hot springs, we used high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to assess the composition and diversity of populations that emerged after incubation at 60°C with or without headspace CO concentrations of 25%. Anaerobic Firmicutes dominated relative abundances at most sites but anaerobic thermophilic members of the Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were also common. Nonetheless, compositions at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level varied among the sites with no convergence resulting from heating or CO addition as indicated by beta diversity analyses. The distinctions among thermophilic communities paralleled patterns observed for unheated "time zero" mesothermal soils and sediments. Occupancy analyses showed that the number of ASVs occupying each of n sites decreased unimodally with increasing n; no ASV occupied all 14 sites and only one each occupied 11 and 12 sites, while 69.3% of 1873 ASVs occupied just one site. Nonetheless, considerations of distances among the sites occupied by individual ASVs along with details of their distributions indicated that taxa were not dispersal limited but rather were constrained by environmental selection. This conclusion was supported by βMNTD and βNTI analyses, which showed dispersal limitation was only a minor contributor to taxon distributions.
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Hurtado-Bautista E, Pérez Sánchez LF, Islas-Robles A, Santoyo G, Olmedo-Alvarez G. Phenotypic plasticity and evolution of thermal tolerance in bacteria from temperate and hot spring environments. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11734. [PMID: 34386300 PMCID: PMC8312496 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity allows individuals to respond to the selective forces of a new environment, followed by adaptive evolution. We do not know to what extent phenotypic plasticity allows thermal tolerance evolution in bacteria at the border of their physiological limits. We analyzed growth and reaction norms to temperature of strains of two bacterial lineages, Bacillus cereus sensu lato and Bacillus subtilis sensu lato, that evolved in two contrasting environments, a temperate lagoon (T) and a hot spring (H). Our results showed that despite the co-occurrence of members of both lineages in the two contrasting environments, norms of reactions to temperature exhibited a similar pattern only in strains within the lineages, suggesting fixed phenotypic plasticity. Additionally, strains from the H environment showed only two to three degrees centigrade more heat tolerance than strains from the T environment. Their viability decreased at temperatures above their optimal for growth, particularly for the B. cereus lineage. However, sporulation occurred at all temperatures, consistent with the known cell population heterogeneity that allows the Bacillus to anticipate adversity. We suggest that these mesophilic strains survive in the hot-spring as spores and complete their life cycle of germination and growth during intermittent opportunities of moderate temperatures. The limited evolutionary changes towards an increase in heat tolerance in bacteria should alert us of the negative impact of climate change on all biological cycles in the planet, which at its most basic level depends on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Hurtado-Bautista
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, de (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados) del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Laura F Pérez Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, de (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados) del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Africa Islas-Robles
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, de (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados) del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Gabriela Olmedo-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, de (Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados) del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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Lezcano MÁ, Moreno-Paz M, Carrizo D, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Fernández-Martínez MÁ, Sánchez-García L, Blanco Y, Puente-Sánchez F, de Diego-Castilla G, García-Villadangos M, Fairén AG, Parro V. Biomarker Profiling of Microbial Mats in the Geothermal Band of Cerro Caliente, Deception Island (Antarctica): Life at the Edge of Heat and Cold. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:1490-1504. [PMID: 31339746 PMCID: PMC6918857 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Substrate-atmosphere interfaces in Antarctic geothermal environments are hot-cold regions that constitute thin habitable niches for microorganisms with possible counterparts in ancient Mars. Cerro Caliente hill in Deception Island (active volcano in the South Shetland Islands) is affected by ascending hydrothermal fluids that form a band of warm substrates buffered by low air temperatures. We investigated the influence of temperature on the community structure and metabolism of three microbial mats collected along the geothermal band of Cerro Caliente registering 88°C, 8°C, and 2°C at the time of collection. High-throughput sequencing of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) genes and Life Detector Chip (LDChip) microarray immunoassays revealed different bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic composition in the three mats. The mat at 88°C showed the less diverse microbial community and a higher proportion of thermophiles (e.g., Thermales). In contrast, microbial communities in the mats at 2°C and 8°C showed relatively higher diversity and higher proportion of psychrophiles (e.g., Flavobacteriales). Despite this overall association, similar microbial structures at the phylum level (particularly the presence of Cyanobacteria) and certain hot- and cold-tolerant microorganisms were identified in the three mats. Daily thermal oscillations recorded in the substrate over the year (4.5-76°C) may explain the coexistence of microbial fingerprints with different thermal tolerances. Stable isotope composition also revealed metabolic differences among the microbial mats. Carbon isotopic ratios suggested the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle as the major pathway for carbon dioxide fixation in the mats at 2°C and 8°C, and the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and/or the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle for the mat at 88°C, indicating different metabolisms as a function of the prevailing temperature of each mat. The comprehensive biomarker profile on the three microbial mats from Cerro Caliente contributes to unravel the diversity, composition, and metabolism in geothermal polar sites and highlights the relevance of geothermal-cold environments to create habitable niches with interest in other planetary environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Lezcano
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Moreno-Paz
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Carrizo
- Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Prieto-Ballesteros
- Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Blanco
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alberto G. Fairén
- Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Víctor Parro
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
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Gomri MA, El Moulouk Khaldi T, Kharroub K. Analysis of the diversity of aerobic, thermophilic endospore-forming bacteria in two Algerian hot springs using cultural and non-cultural methods. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Sahay H, Yadav AN, Singh AK, Singh S, Kaushik R, Saxena AK. Hot springs of Indian Himalayas: potential sources of microbial diversity and thermostable hydrolytic enzymes. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:118. [PMID: 28567630 PMCID: PMC5451362 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in hot springs at high elevations have been extensively studied worldwide. In this sense, the Indian Himalaya regions is valuable ecosystems for providing both the extreme 'cold' and 'hot' sites for exploring microbial diversity. In the present study, a total of 140 thermophilic bacteria were isolated from 12 samples collected from Manikaran and Yumthang hot springs of Indian Himalayas. The bacterial isolates were studied for phylogenetic profiling, growth properties at varying conditions and potential sources of extracellular thermostable hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, amylase, xylanase and cellulase. Based on production of extracellular hydrolases, 51 isolates from Manikaran (28) and Yumthang thermal springs (23) were selected and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing which included 37 distinct species of 14 different genera namely Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Geobacillus, Paenibacillus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, Thermoactinomyces, Thermobacillus, Thermonema and Thiobacillus. Out of 51 hydrolase producing bacteria, 24 isolates showed stability at wide range of temperature and pH treatments. In present investigation, three thermotolerant bacteria namely, Thermobacillus sp NBM6, Paenibacillus ehimensis NBM24 and Paenibacillus popilliae NBM68 were found to produced cellulase-free xylanase. These potential extracellular thermostable hydrolytic enzymes producing thermophilic bacteria have a great commercial prospect in various industrial, medical and agriculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmesh Sahay
- Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
- Department of Research and Development, R-Biopharm Neugen Group, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Rajeev Kaushik
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau Nath Bhanjan, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India.
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