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Lupi SM, Sassi AN, Addis A, Rodriguez y Baena R. The Impact of Nandrolone Decanoate in the Osseointegration of Dental Implants in a Rabbit Model: Histological and Micro-Radiographic Results. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092258. [PMID: 33925604 PMCID: PMC8123797 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite high rates of osseointegration in healthy patients, complex cases present an increased risk of osseointegration failure when treated with dental implants. Furthermore, if immediate loading of the implants is used, maximizing the response of the host organism would be desirable. Anabolic steroids, such as Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), are reported to have beneficial clinical effects on various bone issues such as osteoporosis and bone fractures. However, their beneficial effects in promoting osseointegration in dental implant placement have not been documented. The study aimed to examine histological changes induced by ND in experimental dental implants in rabbit models. Two dental implants were placed in the tibias of 24 adult rabbits. Rabbits were allocated to one of two groups: control group or test group. Rabbits in the latter group were given nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg, immediately after implant placement and after 1 week). Micro-radiographic and histological analyses were assessed to characterize the morphological changes promoted by the nandrolone decanoate use. Total bone volume and fluorescence were significantly higher in the control group after 2 weeks. Such a difference between the two groups might indicate that, initially, nandrolone lengthens the non-specific healing period characteristic of all bone surgeries. However, after the beginning of the reparative processes, the quantity of newly formed bone appears to be significantly higher, indicating a positive stimulation of the androgen molecule on bone metabolism. Based on micro-radiology and fluorescence microscopy, nandrolone decanoate influenced bone regeneration in the implant site. The anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate affects the healing processes of the peri-implant bone and therefore has the potential to improve the outcomes of implant treatment in medically complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saturnino Marco Lupi
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.S.); (R.R.y.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Nicole Sassi
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.S.); (R.R.y.B.)
| | - Alessandro Addis
- CRABCC, Biotechnology Research Centre for Cardiothoracic Applications, 26027 Rivolta d’Adda, Italy;
| | - Ruggero Rodriguez y Baena
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.N.S.); (R.R.y.B.)
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Rodrigues JM, Oliveira VPP, P Furlan J, Munhoz AC, S Rempel MR, Brito MN, Brito NA, Pedrosa MMD, M Costa CE. Immediate and residual effects of low-dose nandrolone decanoate and treadmill training on adipose and reproductive tissues of male Wistar rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:68-77. [PMID: 28019124 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1260592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Residual effects after nandrolone decanoate (ND) treatment are not reported. OBJECTIVE Immediate and residual effects of low-dose ND and treadmill training were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were trained and/or ND-treated for four weeks and the assessments were made after this period or four weeks later. RESULTS The groups did not differ in final plasma glucose or AUC of the ivGTT, but hyperinsulinemia was noticed in some trained/treated groups. Training with ND increased muscle mass and ND decreased the reproductive structures. Decreased fat with training was reversed by detraining. DISCUSSION The anabolic action of ND on skeletal muscle was enhanced by training. Fat and lipid changes were more linked to training/detraining, but the effects of ND on the reproductive structures persisted after treatment. CONCLUSIONS The effects of training on fat and muscle were not maintained after detraining, but low-dose ND had persistent effects on the reproductive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josilene M Rodrigues
- a Academic Specialization in Physiology, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vinicius P P Oliveira
- a Academic Specialization in Physiology, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Julia P Furlan
- b Undergraduation in Physical Education, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Munhoz
- c Undergraduation in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R S Rempel
- d Undergraduation in Medicine, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil , and
| | - Marcia N Brito
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Nilton A Brito
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria M D Pedrosa
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
| | - Cecília E M Costa
- e Department of Physiological Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá, Brazil
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Iwona MŻ, Barbara W, Alicja K, Sebastian W, Katarzyna S, Andrzej P. Control of Anabolic Hormone Residues in Tissues of Slaughter Animals in Poland During the Period of 2011-2015. J Vet Res 2017; 61:69-79. [PMID: 29978057 PMCID: PMC5894401 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies of anabolic hormone residues in the tissues of slaughter animals have been carried out in Poland for more than 25 years. During the period of 2011 to 2015, a total of 35 387 samples from different animal species were tested in the National Residue Control Programme for the presence of residues of compounds that cause hormonal effects, as listed in Annex 1 of Directive 96/23/EC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research was conducted in the National Reference Laboratory and eight regional laboratories in departments of veterinary hygiene located throughout the country. Urine, muscle tissue, serum, kidney fat, and drinking water were the targeted matrices. Test methods based on instrumental techniques such as gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were applied, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS The concentration of detected hormones exceeded the decision limits in 30 samples, the consequence of which was 41 non-compliances with current applicable criteria. The hormones found present pseudo-endogenous (nortestosterone and boldenone) only, while synthetic hormones were not identified. CONCLUSION The non-compliant findings constitute a small percentage (0.085%) of the five-year analysis compilation. On this basis the related food produced in Poland can be accepted as safe for human consumption with regard to the hormone residues tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Woźniak Barbara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Kłopot Alicja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Witek Sebastian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Sielska Katarzyna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Posyniak Andrzej
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Kara M, Ozcagli E, Fragkiadaki P, Kotil T, Stivaktakis PD, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Alpertunga B. Determination of DNA damage and telomerase activity in stanozolol-treated rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:614-618. [PMID: 28352339 PMCID: PMC5348646 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are performance-enhancing drugs commonly abused by atheletes. Stanozolol is a synthetic testosterone-derived anabolic steroid. Although it is well known that AAS have several side-effects, there are only few toxicological studies available on the toxic effects and mechanisms of action of stanozolol. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of stanozolol and to determine its effects on telomerase activity in Sprague-Dawley male rats. For this purpose, 34 male rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: i) the control group (n=5); ii) the propylene glycol (PG)-treated group (n=5); iii) the stanozolol-treated group (n=8); iv) the PG-treated group subjected to exercise (n=8); and v) the stanozolol-treated group subjected to exercise (n=8). PG is used as a solvent control in our study. Stanozolol (5 mg/kg) and PG (1 ml/kg) were injected subcutaneously 5 days/week for 28 days. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed, and DNA damage evaluation (comet assay) and telomerase activity assays were then performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Telomerase activity was measured by using the TeloTAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA PLUS kit. The results of this study revealed that stanozolol treatment induced DNA damage, while exercise exerted a protective effect. Stanozolol treatment without exercise stimulation was associated with a significant increase in telomerase activity in the PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Tugba Kotil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
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Gårevik N, Börjesson A, Choong E, Ekström L, Lehtihet M. Impact of single-dose nandrolone decanoate on gonadotropins, blood lipids and HMG CoA reductase in healthy men. Andrologia 2015; 48:595-600. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Gårevik
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine/Huddinge; Karolinska Institute; Karolinska University Hospital; Huddinge Sweden
| | - A. Börjesson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine/Huddinge; Karolinska Institute; Karolinska University Hospital; Huddinge Sweden
| | - E. Choong
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine/Huddinge; Karolinska Institute; Karolinska University Hospital; Huddinge Sweden
| | - L. Ekström
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine/Huddinge; Karolinska Institute; Karolinska University Hospital; Huddinge Sweden
| | - M. Lehtihet
- Department of Medicine/Huddinge; Karolinska Institute and Centre for Andrology and Sexual Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Huddinge Sweden
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Strahm E, Sjöberg U, Garle M, Rane A, Ekström L. Implication of Human UGT2B7, 2B15, and 2B17 in 19-Norandrosterone Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:75. [PMID: 23805127 PMCID: PMC3693077 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) is an anabolic androgenic steroid commonly abused for doping purposes. Nandrolone is mainly metabolized in the liver into 19-norandrosterone prior to glucuronidation and excretion through urine over an extended period of time. Several UGTs (i.e., UGT2B7, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17) are thought to be the major enzymes responsible for conjugation of androgens in human. An in vitro study using recombinant enzymes expressed in insect cells showed that UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 are the two main enzymes responsible of 19-norandrosterone glucuronidation. However, the identity of the enzyme involved in nandrolone metabolism in vivo together with their relative contribution and regulation remain unknown. Inhibition assays using human liver microsomes (HLM) incubated with 19-norandrosterone and selective inhibitors confirmed that UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 are involved in 19-norandrosterone glucuronidation, since the presence of the specific UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 inhibitors gemfibrozil and valproic acid inhibited the 19-norandrosterone glucuronidation by 35 and 45%, respectively. HLM were genotyped for UGT2B15 D85Y, UGT2B7 H268Y, and the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism. The glucuronidation activity on 19-norandrosterone was significantly higher in UGT2B15 DD than in the other UGT2B15 genotypes (p < 0.05). Moreover, human liver cancer HepG2 cells were exposed to androgens to determine if the transcriptional activity of the genes of interest was affected. Only UGT2B7 mRNA expression was significantly increased (1.8-folds) after incubation with nandrolone decanoate. These results show that the UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 are involved in 19-norandrosterone glucuronidation and that the UGT2B15 polymorphism (D85Y) is the only UGT genetic variation that influences the glucuronidation activity. This could partly explain the inter-individual variation in 19-norandrosterone excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Strahm
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Strahm, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden e-mail:
| | - Ulf Sjöberg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Garle
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Ekström
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tugyan K, Ozbal S, Cilaker S, Kiray M, Pekcetin C, Ergur BU, Kumral A. Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin on nandrolone decanoate-induced brain injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 533:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cappello V, Vezzoli E, Righi M, Fossati M, Mariotti R, Crespi A, Patruno M, Bentivoglio M, Pietrini G, Francolini M. Analysis of neuromuscular junctions and effects of anabolic steroid administration in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 51:12-21. [PMID: 22800606 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that neuromuscular junction (NMJ) destruction and disassembly is an early phenomenon in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we analyzed by confocal and electron microscopy the NMJ structure in the diaphragm of SOD1G93A mice at symptom onset. In these mice, which provide a model for familial ALS, diaphragm denervation (~50%) as well as gastrocnemius denervation (~40%) was found. In addition, the size of the synaptic vesicle pool was reduced and alterations of mitochondria were observed in approximately 40% of the remaining presynaptic terminals. Chronic treatment of SOD1G93A mice with the anabolic steroid nandrolone during the presymptomatic stage preserved the diaphragm muscle mass and features indicative of synaptic activity. These features were represented by the number of vesicles docked within 200 nm from the presynaptic membrane and area of acetylcholine receptor clusters. Structural preservation of mitochondria was documented in presynaptic terminals. However, innervation of diaphragm muscle fibers was only slightly increased in nandrolone-treated SOD1-mutant mice. Altogether the results point out and define fine structural alterations of diaphragm NMJs in the murine model of familial ALS at symptom onset, and indicate that nandrolone may prevent or delay structural alterations in NMJ mitochondria and stimulate presynaptic activity but does not prevent muscle denervation during the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cappello
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:1-14. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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