1
|
Li M, Cai K, Zheng N, Zhang G, Ye L. Identification of the Key Transcription Factors Regulating the Expression of the Genes Associated with Barley Malt Quality during Malting. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8241-8251. [PMID: 37192323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley malt is produced through a malting process; it begins with steeping followed by germination and kilning, in which dramatic changes happen for a large number of physiological and biochemical traits in barley seeds. The objectives of this study were to comprehensively investigate the phenotypic changes during malting, and identify the key regulators that modulate the expression of genes associated with malt quality traits. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between gibberellic acid (GA) content and the activities of some hydrolytic enzymes, including α-amylases, β-amylases, and limit dextrinase (LD), and a significant negative correlation between GA and β-glucan content. Starch content had little change, but starch granules were pitted severely during malting. Weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA) identified the genes associated with the greatest changes of the examined malt traits during malting. The correlation analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis detected several key transcriptional factor (TF) regulating genes associated with malt quality. These genes and TFs regulating malting traits are potentially useful in barley breeding for malt quality improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kangfeng Cai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nannan Zheng
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of malting regimes on the malt quality of tritordeum for beer brewing. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
3
|
Nagy I, Veeckman E, Liu C, Bel MV, Vandepoele K, Jensen CS, Ruttink T, Asp T. Chromosome-scale assembly and annotation of the perennial ryegrass genome. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:505. [PMID: 35831814 PMCID: PMC9281035 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of chromosome-scale genome assemblies is fundamentally important to advance genetics and breeding in crops, as well as for evolutionary and comparative genomics. The improvement of long-read sequencing technologies and the advent of optical mapping and chromosome conformation capture technologies in the last few years, significantly promoted the development of chromosome-scale genome assemblies of model plants and crop species. In grasses, chromosome-scale genome assemblies recently became available for cultivated and wild species of the Triticeae subfamily. Development of state-of-the-art genomic resources in species of the Poeae subfamily, which includes important crops like fescues and ryegrasses, is lagging behind the progress in the cereal species. RESULTS Here, we report a new chromosome-scale genome sequence assembly for perennial ryegrass, obtained by combining PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read polishing, BioNano optical mapping and Hi-C scaffolding. More than 90% of the total genome size of perennial ryegrass (approximately 2.55 Gb) is covered by seven pseudo-chromosomes that show high levels of collinearity to the orthologous chromosomes of Triticeae species. The transposon fraction of perennial ryegrass was found to be relatively low, approximately 35% of the total genome content, which is less than half of the genome repeat content of cultivated cereal species. We predicted 54,629 high-confidence gene models, 10,287 long non-coding RNAs and a total of 8,393 short non-coding RNAs in the perennial ryegrass genome. CONCLUSIONS The new reference genome sequence and annotation presented here are valuable resources for comparative genomic studies in grasses, as well as for breeding applications and will expedite the development of productive varieties in perennial ryegrass and related species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Nagy
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, DK-4200, Denmark.
| | - Elisabeth Veeckman
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, Melle, B-9090, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Present address: DLF Seeds A/S, Denmark, Højerupvej 31, Store Heddinge, DK-4660, Denmark
| | - Chang Liu
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Present address: Institut für Biologie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Ruttink
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, Melle, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Torben Asp
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, DK-4200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pal P, Kaur P, Singh N, Kaur A, Inouchi N, Kubota Y. Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of starch from brown rice and germinated brown rice from different cultivars. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pal
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Parmeet Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
| | - Naoyoshi Inouchi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology Fukuyama University Fukuyama Japan
| | - Yuka Kubota
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology Fukuyama University Fukuyama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Geißinger C, Gastl M, Becker T. Enzymes from Cereal and Fusarium Metabolism Involved in the Malting Process – A Review. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1911272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cajetan Geißinger
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Gastl
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ojha P, Gautam N, Subedi U, Dhami NB. Malting quality of seven genotypes of barley grown in Nepal. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4794-4804. [PMID: 32994941 PMCID: PMC7500777 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been very limited work on the malting quality of barley grown in Nepal. This work used completely randomized experiment for seven barley genotypes, namely Xveola-45, Coll#112-114/Muktinath, Xveola-38, Solu uwa, NB-1003/37-1038, NB-1003/37-1034, and Bonus, collected from Hill Crop Research Program (Dolakha, Nepal) to study the effect of genotypes on the chemical composition and functional properties of barley and malt. Barley was steeped for 24 hr followed by 72 hr germination in room temperature (25 ± 3°C). Germinated barley was dried (45°C/6 hr, 50°C/4 hr, 55°C/8 hr, 70°C/1 hr, 80°C/3 hr) in a cabinet drier. Multistage dried barley was then ground to pass through a 250 µm screen. Among the chemical composition, protein and reducing sugar were affected by genotype (p < .05) in barley except for β-glucan. Functional properties, particularly bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, and viscosity, were affected by genotype (p < .05) in barley, whereas except for density, all the parameters were different (p < .05) for malt. The highest diastatic power among all genotypes was recorded for solu uwa (329.25 ºDP) followed by Muktinath (271.15 ºDP). There was no significant change (p < .05) in a protein of all genotypes after malting, whereas β-glucan and viscosity significantly decreased (p < .05) for all genotypes after malting. The remaining parameters for all genotypes were not affected (p < .05) by malting. Solu uwa had higher enzymatic activity, whereas Xveola-38 and Muktinath were found to be better for complimentary food preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Ojha
- Food Research Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Lalitpur Nepal
| | - Nagina Gautam
- Department of Food Technology Padamshree International College Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Ujjwol Subedi
- Food Research Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Lalitpur Nepal
| | - Narayan B Dhami
- Hill Crop Research Program Nepal Agricultural Research Council Dolakha Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yousif AM, Evans DE. Changes in malt quality during production in two commercial malt houses. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel M. Yousif
- Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre; 3 Baron-Hay Court South Perth WA 6151 Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering; University of Tasmania; Sandy Bay Campus TAS 7005 Australia
| | - D. Evan Evans
- The Tassie Beer Dr Consulting; 15 Rianna Road Lindisfarne Tasmania 7015 Australia
- School of Natural Sciences; University of Tasmania; Sandy Bay Tasmania 7005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cornaggia C, Evans DE, Draga A, Mangan D, McCleary BV. Prediction of potential malt extract and beer filterability using conventional and novel malt assays. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Evan Evans
- The Tassie Beer Dr Consulting; 15 Rianna Road Lindisfarne Tasmania 7015 Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania; Private Bag 55 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Anna Draga
- Megazyme u.c., Bray Business Park; Bray Co. Wicklow Ireland
| | - David Mangan
- Megazyme u.c., Bray Business Park; Bray Co. Wicklow Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yousif AM, Evans DE. The impact of barley nitrogen fertilization rate on barley brewing using a commercial enzyme (Ondea Pro). JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel M. Yousif
- Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre; 3 Baron-Hay Court South Perth WA 6151 Australia
| | - D. Evan Evans
- The Tassie Beer Dr; 15 Rianna Rd, Lindisfarne Tasmania 7015 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evans DE, Fox GP. Comparison of Diastatic Power Enzyme Release and Persistence during Modified Institute of Brewing 65°C and Congress Programmed Mashes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2017-4707-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Evan Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7015, Australia
- The Tassie Beer Dr Consulting, 15 Rianna Rd., Lindisfarne, Tasmania 7015, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Glen P. Fox
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evans DE, Redd K, Haraysmow SE, Elvig N, Metz N, Koutoulis A. The Influence of Malt Quality on Malt Brewing and Barley Quality on Barley Brewing with Ondea Pro, Compared by Small-Scale Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2014-0630-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - K. Redd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - S. E. Haraysmow
- Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre, 3 Baron-Hay Ct, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - N. Elvig
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - N. Metz
- South East Premium Wheat Growers Association, PO Box 365, Esperance, WA 6450, Australia
| | - A. Koutoulis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evans DE, Goldsmith M, Dambergs R, Nischwitz R. A Comprehensive Revaluation of Small-Scale Congress Mash Protocol Parameters for Determining Extract and Fermentability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-0111-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Evan Evans
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Robert Dambergs
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ralph Nischwitz
- Barrett Burston Malting, Central Laboratory, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evans DE. The Impact of Malt Blending on Lautering Efficiency, Extract Yield, and Wort Fermentability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-1208-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Evan Evans
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evans DE, Goldsmith M, Redd KS, Nischwitz R, Lentini A. Impact of Mashing Conditions on Extract, its Fermentability, and the Levels of Wort Free Amino Nitrogen (FAN), β-Glucan, and Lipids. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0103-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Evan Evans
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mark Goldsmith
- Foster's Group, 4-6 Southampton Cres., Abottsford, VIC 3067, Australia
| | - Kevin S. Redd
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart
| | - Ralph Nischwitz
- Barrett Burston Malting, Central Laboratory, Gough St, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Duke SH, Henson CA. Maltose Effects on Barley Malt Diastatic Power Enzyme Activity and Thermostability at High Isothermal Mashing Temperatures: II. α-Amylase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2016-2746-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Relationship between levels of diastatic power enzymes and wort sugar production from different barley cultivars during the commercial mashing process of brewing. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
17
|
Gong X, Westcott S, Zhang XQ, Yan G, Lance R, Zhang G, Sun D, Li C. Discovery of novel Bmy1 alleles increasing β-amylase activity in Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley for improvement of malting quality via MAS. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72875. [PMID: 24019884 PMCID: PMC3760831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
China has a large barley germplasm collection which has not been well characterized and is therefore underutilized. The Bmy1 locus encoding the β-amylase enzyme on chromosome 4H has been well characterized in the worldwide barley germplasm collections due to its importance in the malting and brewing industry. The Bmy1 locus was chosen as an indicator to understand genetic potential for improvement of malting quality in Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley. The genetic diversity of 91 barley accessions was assessed using allele specific Multiplex-ready molecular markers. Eight accessions were further sequenced, based on the Multiplex-ready marker diversity for Bmy1 in the germplasm. Six of the eight accessions clustered together in a unique group, and showed similarities to ‘Haruna Nijo’, wild barley accession PI296896 and ‘Ashqelon’. Sequence comparisons with the known Bmy1 alleles identified not only the existing 13 amino acid substitutions, but also a new substitution positioned at A387T from a Chinese landrace W127, which has the highest β-amylase activity. Two new alleles/haplotypes namely Bmy1-Sd1c and Bmy1-Sd5 were designated based on different amino acid combinations. We identified new amino acid combination of C115, D165, V233, S347 and V430 in the germplasm. The broad variation in both β-amylase activity and amino acid composition provides novel alleles for the improvement of malting quality for different brewing styles, which indicates the high potential value of the Chinese landraces and Tibetan wild barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan City, China
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
- Western Australia State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth City, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Western Australia State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth City, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
| | - Reg Lance
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan City, China
- * E-mail: (DS); (CL)
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth City, Australia
- Western Australia State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth City, Australia
- * E-mail: (DS); (CL)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Evans DE, Dambergs R, Ratkowsky D, Li C, Harasymow S, Roumeliotis S, Eglinton JK. Refining the Prediction of Potential Malt Fermentability by Including an Assessment of Limit Dextrinase Thermostability and Additional Measures of Malt Modification, Using Two Different Methods for Multivariate Model Development. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2010.tb00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Bathgate GN, Bringhurst TA. Letter to the Editor: Update on Knowledge Regarding Starch Structure and Degradation by Malt Enzymes (DP/DU and Limit Dextrinase). JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2011.tb00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling barley flour pasting properties. Genetica 2010; 138:1191-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-010-9511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|