1
|
Frisch A, Moen VS, Grube M, Bendiksby M. Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway. MycoKeys 2020; 62:27-51. [PMID: 32025188 PMCID: PMC6992689 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the highly oceanic genus Coniocarpon in Norway. Our aim has been to delimit species of Coniocarpon in Norway based on an integrative taxonomic approach. The material studied comprises 120 specimens of Coniocarpon, obtained through recent collecting efforts (2017 and 2018) or received from major fungaria in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as from private collectors. We have assessed (1) species delimitations and relationships based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of three genetic markers (mtSSU, nucITS and RPB2), (2) morphology and anatomy using standard light microscopy, and (3) secondary lichen chemistry using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results show three genetically distinct lineages of Coniocarpon, representing C.cinnabarinum, C.fallax and C.cuspidans comb. nov. The latter was originally described as Arthoniacinnabarinaf.cuspidans and is herein raised to species level. All three species are supported by morphological, anatomical and chemical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frisch
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victoria Stornes Moen
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mika Bendiksby
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Widhelm TJ, Grewe F, Huang JP, Mercado-Díaz JA, Goffinet B, Lücking R, Moncada B, Mason-Gamer R, Lumbsch HT. Multiple historical processes obscure phylogenetic relationships in a taxonomically difficult group (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota). Sci Rep 2019; 9:8968. [PMID: 31222061 PMCID: PMC6586878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the age of next-generation sequencing, the number of loci available for phylogenetic analyses has increased by orders of magnitude. But despite this dramatic increase in the amount of data, some phylogenomic studies have revealed rampant gene-tree discordance that can be caused by many historical processes, such as rapid diversification, gene duplication, or reticulate evolution. We used a target enrichment approach to sample 400 single-copy nuclear genes and estimate the phylogenetic relationships of 13 genera in the lichen-forming family Lobariaceae to address the effect of data type (nucleotides and amino acids) and phylogenetic reconstruction method (concatenation and species tree approaches). Furthermore, we examined datasets for evidence of historical processes, such as rapid diversification and reticulate evolution. We found incongruence associated with sequence data types (nucleotide vs. amino acid sequences) and with different methods of phylogenetic reconstruction (species tree vs. concatenation). The resulting phylogenetic trees provided evidence for rapid and reticulate evolution based on extremely short branches in the backbone of the phylogenies. The observed rapid and reticulate diversifications may explain conflicts among gene trees and the challenges to resolving evolutionary relationships. Based on divergence times, the diversification at the backbone occurred near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary (65 Mya) which is consistent with other rapid diversifications in the tree of life. Although some phylogenetic relationships within the Lobariaceae family remain with low support, even with our powerful phylogenomic dataset of up to 376 genes, our use of target-capturing data allowed for the novel exploration of the mechanisms underlying phylogenetic and systematic incongruence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd J Widhelm
- Field Museum, Science and Education, Chicago, 60605, USA.
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Biological Sciences, Chicago, 60607, USA.
| | - Felix Grewe
- Field Museum, Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Chicago, 60605, USA
| | - Jen-Pan Huang
- Field Museum, Science and Education, Chicago, 60605, USA
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Bernard Goffinet
- University of Connecticut, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Storrs, 06268, USA
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Herbarium, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Bibiana Moncada
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá, 11021, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang T, Liu M, Wang YY, Wang ZJ, Wei XL, Wei JC. Two new species of Endocarpon (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota) from China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7193. [PMID: 28775314 PMCID: PMC5543127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocarpon species are key components of biological soil crusts. Phenotypic and systematic molecular analyses were carried out to identify samples of Endocarpon collected from the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert in China. These morphological and molecular analyses revealed two previously undescribed species that form highly supported independent monophyletic clades within Endocarpon. The new taxa were named Endocarpon deserticola sp. nov. and E. unifoliatum sp. nov. Furthermore, our results indicated that the newly developed protein coding markers adenylate kinase (ADK) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme h (UCEH) are useful for assessing species boundaries in phylogenic analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.,The College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Xin-Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
| | - Jiang-Chun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei X, Schmitt I, Hodkinson B, Flakus A, Kukwa M, Divakar PK, Kirika PM, Otte J, Meiser A, Lumbsch HT. Circumscription of the genus Lepra, a recently resurrected genus to accommodate the "Variolaria"-group of Pertusaria sensu lato (Pertusariales, Ascomycota). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180284. [PMID: 28700682 PMCID: PMC5507398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertusarialean lichens include more than 300 species belonging to several independent phylogenetic lineages. Only some of these phylogenetic clades have been comprehensively sampled for molecular data, and formally described as genera. Here we present a taxonomic treatment of a group of pertusarialean lichens formerly known as “Pertusaria amara-group”, “Monomurata-group”, or “Variolaria-group”, which includes widespread and well-known taxa such as P. amara, P. albescens, or P. ophthalmiza. We generated a 6-locus data set with 79 OTUs representing 75 species. The distinction of the Variolaria clade is supported and consequently, the resurrection of the genus Lepra is followed. Thirty-five new combinations into Lepra are proposed and the new species Lepra austropacifica is described from mangroves in the South Pacific. Lepra is circumscribed to include species with disciform ascomata, a weakly to non-amyloid hymenial gel, strongly amyloid asci without clear apical amyloid structures, containing 1 or 2, single-layered, thin-walled ascospores. Chlorinated xanthones are not present, but thamnolic and picrolichenic acids occur frequently, as well as orcinol depsides. Seventy-one species are accepted in the genus. Although the distinction of the genus from Pertusaria is strongly supported, the relationships of Lepra remain unresolved and the genus is tentatively placed in Pertusariales incertae sedis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Adam Flakus
- Laboratory of Lichenology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martin Kukwa
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, WitaStwosza 59, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Pradeep K. Divakar
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul M. Kirika
- Botany Department, NationalMuseums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jürgen Otte
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anjuli Meiser
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H. Thorsten Lumbsch
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buaruang K, Boonpragob K, Mongkolsuk P, Sangvichien E, Vongshewarat K, Polyiam W, Rangsiruji A, Saipunkaew W, Naksuwankul K, Kalb J, Parnmen S, Kraichak E, Phraphuchamnong P, Meesim S, Luangsuphabool T, Nirongbut P, Poengsungnoen V, Duangphui N, Sodamuk M, Phokaeo S, Molsil M, Aptroot A, Kalb K, Luecking R, Lumbsch T. A new checklist of lichenized fungi occurring in Thailand. MycoKeys 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.23.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
6
|
Resolving evolutionary relationships in lichen-forming fungi using diverse phylogenomic datasets and analytical approaches. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22262. [PMID: 26915968 PMCID: PMC4768097 DOI: 10.1038/srep22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary histories are now being inferred from unprecedented, genome-scale datasets for a broad range of organismal groups. While phylogenomic data has helped in resolving a number of difficult, long-standing questions, constructing appropriate datasets from genomes is not straightforward, particularly in non-model groups. Here we explore the utility of phylogenomic data to infer robust phylogenies for a lineage of closely related lichen-forming fungal species. We assembled multiple, distinct nuclear phylogenomic datasets, ranging from ca. 25 Kb to 16.8 Mb and inferred topologies using both concatenated gene tree approaches and species tree methods based on the multispecies coalescent model. In spite of evidence for rampant incongruence among individual loci, these genome-scale datasets provide a consistent, well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis using both concatenation and multispecies coalescent approaches (ASTRAL-II and SVDquartets). However, the popular full hierarchical coalescent approach implemented in *BEAST provided inconsistent inferences, both in terms of nodal support and topology, with smaller subsets of the phylogenomic data. While comparable, well-supported topologies can be accurately inferred with only a small fraction of the overall genome, consistent results across a variety of datasets and methodological approaches provide reassurance that phylogenomic data can effectively be used to provide robust phylogenies for closely related lichen-forming fungal lineages.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gómez-Serranillos MP, Fernández-Moriano C, González-Burgos E, Divakar PK, Crespo A. Parmeliaceae family: phytochemistry, pharmacological potential and phylogenetic features. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
8
|
Miadlikowska J, Kauff F, Högnabba F, Oliver JC, Molnár K, Fraker E, Gaya E, Hafellner J, Hofstetter V, Gueidan C, Otálora MAG, Hodkinson B, Kukwa M, Lücking R, Björk C, Sipman HJM, Burgaz AR, Thell A, Passo A, Myllys L, Goward T, Fernández-Brime S, Hestmark G, Lendemer J, Lumbsch HT, Schmull M, Schoch CL, Sérusiaux E, Maddison DR, Arnold AE, Lutzoni F, Stenroos S. A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 79:132-68. [PMID: 24747130 PMCID: PMC4185256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized Fungi, and one of the most species-rich classes in the kingdom. Here we provide a multigene phylogenetic synthesis (using three ribosomal RNA-coding and two protein-coding genes) of the Lecanoromycetes based on 642 newly generated and 3329 publicly available sequences representing 1139 taxa, 317 genera, 66 families, 17 orders and five subclasses (four currently recognized: Acarosporomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, Ostropomycetidae, Umbilicariomycetidae; and one provisionarily recognized, 'Candelariomycetidae'). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on four multigene datasets assembled using a cumulative supermatrix approach with a progressively higher number of species and missing data (5-gene, 5+4-gene, 5+4+3-gene and 5+4+3+2-gene datasets) show that the current classification includes non-monophyletic taxa at various ranks, which need to be recircumscribed and require revisionary treatments based on denser taxon sampling and more loci. Two newly circumscribed orders (Arctomiales and Hymeneliales in the Ostropomycetidae) and three families (Ramboldiaceae and Psilolechiaceae in the Lecanorales, and Strangosporaceae in the Lecanoromycetes inc. sed.) are introduced. The potential resurrection of the families Eigleraceae and Lopadiaceae is considered here to alleviate phylogenetic and classification disparities. An overview of the photobionts associated with the main fungal lineages in the Lecanoromycetes based on available published records is provided. A revised schematic classification at the family level in the phylogenetic context of widely accepted and newly revealed relationships across Lecanoromycetes is included. The cumulative addition of taxa with an increasing amount of missing data (i.e., a cumulative supermatrix approach, starting with taxa for which sequences were available for all five targeted genes and ending with the addition of taxa for which only two genes have been sequenced) revealed relatively stable relationships for many families and orders. However, the increasing number of taxa without the addition of more loci also resulted in an expected substantial loss of phylogenetic resolving power and support (especially for deep phylogenetic relationships), potentially including the misplacements of several taxa. Future phylogenetic analyses should include additional single copy protein-coding markers in order to improve the tree of the Lecanoromycetes. As part of this study, a new module ("Hypha") of the freely available Mesquite software was developed to compare and display the internodal support values derived from this cumulative supermatrix approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Kauff
- FB Biologie, Molecular Phylogenetics, 13/276, TU Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Filip Högnabba
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeffrey C Oliver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 358 ESC, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Katalin Molnár
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Emily Fraker
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Ester Gaya
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Josef Hafellner
- Institut für Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Cécile Gueidan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Kukwa
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Lücking
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Curtis Björk
- UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Harrie J M Sipman
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Rosa Burgaz
- Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal I, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Arne Thell
- Botanical Museum, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Passo
- BioLiq Laboratorio de Bioindicadores y Liquenología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400RN, Argentina
| | - Leena Myllys
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Trevor Goward
- UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Samantha Fernández-Brime
- Department of Plant Biology (Botany Unit), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geir Hestmark
- CEES, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PB 1066 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - James Lendemer
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Michaela Schmull
- Harvard University Herbaria, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Conrad L Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, MD 20892-6510, USA
| | - Emmanuël Sérusiaux
- Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - David R Maddison
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7303, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E. South Campus Drive, Forbes 303, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - François Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Soili Stenroos
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Truong C, Divakar PK, Yahr R, Crespo A, Clerc P. Testing the use of ITS rDNA and protein-coding genes in the generic and species delimitation of the lichen genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 68:357-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
10
|
Leavitt SD, Esslinger TL, Spribille T, Divakar PK, Thorsten Lumbsch H. Multilocus phylogeny of the lichen-forming fungal genus Melanohalea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota): Insights on diversity, distributions, and a comparison of species tree and concatenated topologies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 66:138-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
11
|
Leavitt SD, Esslinger TL, Divakar PK, Lumbsch HT. Miocene divergence, phenotypically cryptic lineages, and contrasting distribution patterns in common lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Leavitt
- Department of Botany; The Field Museum; 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive; Chicago; IL; 60605; USA
| | - Theodore L. Esslinger
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Dakota State University; #2715, PO Box 6050, Stevens Hall; Fargo; ND; 58108-6050; USA
| | - Pradeep K. Divakar
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; 28040; Spain
| | - H. Thorsten Lumbsch
- Department of Botany; The Field Museum; 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive; Chicago; IL; 60605; USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schmitt I, Otte J, Parnmen S, Sadowska-Deś A, Luecking R, Lumbsch T. A new circumscription of the genus Varicellaria (Pertusariales, Ascomycota). MycoKeys 2012. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.4.3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
13
|
Leavitt SD, Johnson LA, Goward T, St. Clair LL. Species delimitation in taxonomically difficult lichen-forming fungi: An example from morphologically and chemically diverse Xanthoparmelia (Parmeliaceae) in North America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 60:317-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Complex patterns of speciation in cosmopolitan “rock posy” lichens – Discovering and delimiting cryptic fungal species in the lichen-forming Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:587-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|