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Dalvit Carvalho da Silva R, Soltanzadeh R, Figley CR. Automated Coronary Artery Tracking with a Voronoi-Based 3D Centerline Extraction Algorithm. J Imaging 2023; 9:268. [PMID: 38132686 PMCID: PMC10743762 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and medical imaging methods such as coronary artery computed tomography are vitally important in its detection. More recently, various computational approaches have been proposed to automatically extract important artery coronary features (e.g., vessel centerlines, cross-sectional areas along vessel branches, etc.) that may ultimately be able to assist with more accurate and timely diagnoses. The current study therefore validated and benchmarked a recently developed automated 3D centerline extraction method for coronary artery centerline tracking using synthetically segmented coronary artery models based on the widely used Rotterdam Coronary Artery Algorithm Evaluation Framework (RCAAEF) training dataset. Based on standard accuracy metrics and the ground truth centerlines of all 32 coronary vessel branches in the RCAAEF training dataset, this 3D divide and conquer Voronoi diagram method performed exceptionally well, achieving an average overlap accuracy (OV) of 99.97%, overlap until first error (OF) of 100%, overlap of the clinically relevant portion of the vessel (OT) of 99.98%, and an average error distance inside the vessels (AI) of only 0.13 mm. Accuracy was also found to be exceptionally for all four coronary artery sub-types, with average OV values of 99.99% for right coronary arteries, 100% for left anterior descending arteries, 99.96% for left circumflex arteries, and 100% for large side-branch vessels. These results validate that the proposed method can be employed to quickly, accurately, and automatically extract 3D centerlines from segmented coronary arteries, and indicate that it is likely worthy of further exploration given the importance of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Dalvit Carvalho da Silva
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Health Sciences Centre, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ramin Soltanzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Health Sciences Centre, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Price Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Chase R. Figley
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Health Sciences Centre, Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Price Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
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Quantitative Spatial Characterization of Lymph Node Tumor for N Stage Improvement of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010230. [PMID: 36612236 PMCID: PMC9818273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of improving the prognosis stratification of the N staging system of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) from quantitative spatial characterizations of metastatic lymph node (LN) for NPC in a multi-institutional setting. A total of 194 and 284 NPC patients were included from two local hospitals as the discovery and validation cohort. Spatial relationships between LN and the surrounding organs were quantified by both distance and angle histograms, followed by principal component analysis. Independent prognostic factors were identified and combined with the N stage into a new prognostic index by univariate and multivariate Cox regressions on disease-free survival (DFS). The new three-class risk stratification based on the constructed prognostic index demonstrated superior cross-institutional performance in DFS. The hazard ratios of the high-risk to low-risk group were 9.07 (p < 0.001) and 4.02 (p < 0.001) on training and validation, respectively, compared with 5.19 (p < 0.001) and 1.82 (p = 0.171) of N3 to N1. Our spatial characterizations of lymph node tumor anatomy improved the existing N-stage in NPC prognosis. Our quantitative approach may facilitate the discovery of new anatomical characteristics to improve patient staging in other diseases.
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Le HND, Nguyen H, Wang Z, Opfermann J, Leonard S, Krieger A, Kang JU. Demonstration of a laparoscopic structured-illumination three-dimensional imaging system for guiding reconstructive bowel anastomosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29797865 PMCID: PMC5964336 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.5.056009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development and system analysis of a laparoscopic system based on structured illumination technique capable of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of porcine intestine during surgical anastomosis (connection of tubular structures). A calibration target is used to validate the system performance and results show a depth of field of 20 mm with an accuracy of 0.008 mm and precision of 0.25 mm. The imaging system is used to reconstruct a quantitative 3-D depth measurement of ex vivo porcine bowel tissues to mimic an end-to-end bowel anastomosis scenario. We demonstrate that the system can detect a suture in the tissue and map homogeneous surfaces of the intestine with different tissue pigments, affirming the feasibility for depth quantization for guiding and assisting medical diagnostic decisions in anastomosis surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh N. D. Le
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Catholic University of America, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Catholic University of America, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Justin Opfermann
- Children’s National Health System, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Simon Leonard
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Computer Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Axel Krieger
- University of Maryland, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Chai Y, Lao Y, Li Y, Ji C, O'Neil S, Wang Y, Lepore N, Wood J. Multivariate surface-based analysis of corpus callosum in patients with sickle cell disease. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 10160:101600A. [PMID: 31178616 PMCID: PMC6554202 DOI: 10.1117/12.2257399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hematological disease in which the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells is abnormal. It is closely associated with many symptoms, including pain, anemia, chest syndrome and neurocognitive impairment. One of the most debilitating symptoms is elevated risk for cerebro-vascular accidents. The corpus callosum (CC), as the largest and most prominent white matter (WM) structure in the brain, can reflect the chronic cerebrovascular damage resulting from silent strokes or infarctions in asymptomatic SCD patients. While a lot of studies have reported WM alterations in this cohort, little is known about the shape deformation of the CC. Here we perform the first surface morphometry analysis of the CC in SCD patients using four different shape metrics on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. We detect regional surface morphological differences in the CC between 11 patients and 10 healthy control subjects. Differences are located in the genu, posterior midbody and splenium, potentially casting light on the anatomical substrates underlying neuropsychological test differences between the SCD and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Chai
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Yi Lao
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Yicen Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Chaoran Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Sharon O'Neil
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - John Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rubeaux M, Joshi N, Dweck MR, Fletcher A, Motwani M, Thomson LE, Germano G, Dey D, Berman DS, Newby DE, Slomka PJ. Demons versus Level-Set motion registration for coronary 18F-sodium fluoride PET. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9784. [PMID: 27212782 DOI: 10.1117/12.2217179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Ruptured coronary atherosclerotic plaques commonly cause acute myocardial infarction. It has been recently shown that active microcalcification in the coronary arteries, one of the features that characterizes vulnerable plaques at risk of rupture, can be imaged using cardiac gated 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) PET. We have shown in previous work that a motion correction technique applied to cardiac-gated 18F-NaF PET images can enhance image quality and improve uptake estimates. In this study, we further investigated the applicability of different algorithms for registration of the coronary artery PET images. In particular, we aimed to compare demons vs. level-set nonlinear registration techniques applied for the correction of cardiac motion in coronary 18F-NaF PET. To this end, fifteen patients underwent 18F-NaF PET and prospective coronary CT angiography (CCTA). PET data were reconstructed in 10 ECG gated bins; subsequently these gated bins were registered using demons and level-set methods guided by the extracted coronary arteries from CCTA, to eliminate the effect of cardiac motion on PET images. Noise levels, target-to-background ratios (TBR) and global motion were compared to assess image quality. Compared to the reference standard of using only diastolic PET image (25% of the counts from PET acquisition), cardiac motion registration using either level-set or demons techniques almost halved image noise due to the use of counts from the full PET acquisition and increased TBR difference between 18F-NaF positive and negative lesions. The demons method produces smoother deformation fields, exhibiting no singularities (which reflects how physically plausible the registration deformation is), as compared to the level-set method, which presents between 4 and 8% of singularities, depending on the coronary artery considered. In conclusion, the demons method produces smoother motion fields as compared to the level-set method, with a motion that is physiologically plausible. Therefore, level-set technique will likely require additional post-processing steps. On the other hand, the observed TBR increases were the highest for the level-set technique. Further investigations of the optimal registration technique of this novel coronary PET imaging technique are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Dweck
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Damini Dey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cohen O, Koppel M, Malach R, Friedman D. Controlling an avatar by thought using real-time fMRI. J Neural Eng 2014; 11:035006. [PMID: 24834973 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/3/035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) system based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with virtual reality feedback. The advantage of fMRI is the relatively high spatial resolution and the coverage of the whole brain; thus we expect that it may be used to explore novel BCI strategies, based on new types of mental activities. However, fMRI suffers from a low temporal resolution and an inherent delay, since it is based on a hemodynamic response rather than electrical signals. Thus, our objective in this paper was to explore whether subjects could perform a BCI task in a virtual environment using our system, and how their performance was affected by the delay. APPROACH The subjects controlled an avatar by left-hand, right-hand and leg motion or imagery. The BCI classification is based on locating the regions of interest (ROIs) related with each of the motor classes, and selecting the ROI with maximum average values online. The subjects performed a cue-based task and a free-choice task, and the analysis includes evaluation of the performance as well as subjective reports. MAIN RESULTS Six subjects performed the task with high accuracy when allowed to move their fingers and toes, and three subjects achieved high accuracy using imagery alone. In the cue-based task the accuracy was highest 8-12 s after the trigger, whereas in the free-choice task the subjects performed best when the feedback was provided 6 s after the trigger. SIGNIFICANCE We show that subjects are able to perform a navigation task in a virtual environment using an fMRI-based BCI, despite the hemodynamic delay. The same approach can be extended to other mental tasks and other brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Cohen
- The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, 46150, Israel. Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Liu X, Yuan Z, Zhu J, Xu D. Medical image registration by combining global and local information: a chain-type diffeomorphic demons algorithm. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:8359-78. [PMID: 24217008 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/23/8359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The demons algorithm is a popular algorithm for non-rigid image registration because of its computational efficiency and simple implementation. The deformation forces of the classic demons algorithm were derived from image gradients by considering the deformation to decrease the intensity dissimilarity between images. However, the methods using the difference of image intensity for medical image registration are easily affected by image artifacts, such as image noise, non-uniform imaging and partial volume effects. The gradient magnitude image is constructed from the local information of an image, so the difference in a gradient magnitude image can be regarded as more reliable and robust for these artifacts. Then, registering medical images by considering the differences in both image intensity and gradient magnitude is a straightforward selection. In this paper, based on a diffeomorphic demons algorithm, we propose a chain-type diffeomorphic demons algorithm by combining the differences in both image intensity and gradient magnitude for medical image registration. Previous work had shown that the classic demons algorithm can be considered as an approximation of a second order gradient descent on the sum of the squared intensity differences. By optimizing the new dissimilarity criteria, we also present a set of new demons forces which were derived from the gradients of the image and gradient magnitude image. We show that, in controlled experiments, this advantage is confirmed, and yields a fast convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Center for Cognitive Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, People's Republic of China
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Liew YM, McLaughlin RA, Wood FM, Sampson DD. Reduction of image artifacts in three-dimensional optical coherence tomography of skin in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:116018. [PMID: 22112123 DOI: 10.1117/1.3652710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents results of in vivo studies on the effect of refractive index-matching media on image artifacts in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of human skin. These artifacts present as streaks of artificially low backscatter and displacement or distortion of features. They are primarily caused by refraction and scattering of the OCT light beam at the skin surface. The impact of the application of glycerol and ultrasound gel is assessed on both novel skin-mimicking phantoms and in vivo human skin, including assessment of the epidermal thickening caused by the media. Based on our findings, recommendations are given for optimal OCT imaging of skin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih Miin Liew
- The University of Western Australia, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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