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Kleynhans J, Rubow S, le Roux J, Marjanovic-Painter B, Zeevaart JR, Ebenhan T. Production of [68
Ga]Ga-PSMA: Comparing a manual kit-based method with a module-based automated synthesis approach. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:553-563. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Cape Town South Africa
- NuMeRI, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Sietske Rubow
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Jannie le Roux
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Cape Town South Africa
- NuMeRI Node for Infection Imaging, Central Analytical Facilities; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | | | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- NuMeRI, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC; Pretoria South Africa
- The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Radiochemistry, Pelindaba; Brits South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- NuMeRI, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC; Pretoria South Africa
- The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Radiochemistry, Pelindaba; Brits South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
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Vyas CK, Lee JY, Hur MG, Yang SD, Kong YB, Lee EJ, Park JH. Chitosan-TiO 2 composite: A potential 68Ge/ 68Ga generator column material. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 149:206-213. [PMID: 31078965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A durable and ready to use 68Ge-68Ga generator column material is required for its routine use in radiopharmaceutical procedures. The present work comprises preliminary studies for development and evaluation of chitosan-TiO2 based microsphere (C-TOM) composite towards its competence as a column material. The batch uptake studies showed higher distribution coefficients for 68Ge vis-à-vis 68Ga in the complete concentration range of HCl examined (0.01-1 mol.L-1). Furthermore, C-TOM showed enduring physical and chemical stability in 0.01 mol.L-1 HCl with persistent 68Ga elution profiles (>95%) and negligible 68Ge breakthrough (2 × 10-4%) for the preliminary evaluation period of ∼2 months. Overall, the studies indicated that, 68Ga with high radionuclidic purity (≥99.99%) can be eluted routinely in a small volume (∼1.5 mL) of 0.01 mol.L-1 HCl proving its potentials as a novel solid phase extractant for 68Ge/68Ge generator system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag K Vyas
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup Si, Jeollabuk Do - 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup Si, Jeollabuk Do - 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Hur
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup Si, Jeollabuk Do - 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Dae Yang
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup Si, Jeollabuk Do - 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Kong
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup Si, Jeollabuk Do - 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Je Lee
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup Si, Jeollabuk Do - 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup Si, Jeollabuk Do - 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Domnanich KA, Müller C, Benešová M, Dressler R, Haller S, Köster U, Ponsard B, Schibli R, Türler A, van der Meulen NP. 47Sc as useful β --emitter for the radiotheragnostic paradigm: a comparative study of feasible production routes. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:5. [PMID: 29503846 PMCID: PMC5824697 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotheragnostics makes use of the same molecular targeting vectors, labeled either with a diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclide, ideally of the same chemical element. The matched pair of scandium radionuclides, 44Sc and 47Sc, satisfies the desired physical aspects for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy, respectively. While the production and application of 44Sc was extensively studied, 47Sc is still in its infancy. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate and compare two different methods of 47Sc production, based on the neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca and 47Ti targets, respectively. Methods 47Sc was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca targets via the 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca → 47Sc nuclear reaction and by fast neutron irradiation of 47Ti targets via the 47Ti(n,p)47Sc nuclear reaction, respectively. The product was compared with regard to yield and radionuclidic purity. The chemical separation of 47Sc was optimized in order to obtain a product of sufficient quality determined by labeling experiments using DOTANOC. Finally, preclinical SPECT/CT experiments were performed in tumor-bearing mice and compared with the PET image of the 44Sc labeled counterpart. Results Up to 2 GBq 47Sc was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of enriched 46Ca targets. The optimized chemical isolation of 47Sc from the target material allowed formulation of up to 1.5 GBq 47Sc with high radionuclidic purity (>99.99%) in a small volume (~700 μL) useful for labeling purposes. Three consecutive separations were possible by isolating the in-grown 47Sc from the 46/47Ca-containing fraction. 47Sc produced by fast neutron irradiated 47Ti targets resulted in a reduced radionuclidic purity (99.95–88.5%). The chemical purity of the separated 47Sc was determined by radiolabeling experiments using DOTANOC achievable at specific activities of 10 MBq/nmol. In vivo the 47Sc-DOTANOC performed equal to 44Sc-DOTANOC as determined by nuclear imaging. Conclusion The production of 47Sc via the 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca nuclear reaction demonstrated significant advantages over the 47Ti production route, as it provided higher quantities of a radionuclidically pure product. The subsequent decay of 47Ca enabled the repeated separation of the 47Sc daughter nuclide from the 47Ca parent nuclide. Based on the results obtained from this work, 47Sc shows potential to be produced in suitable quality for clinical application. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41181-017-0024-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Domnanich
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Benešová
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rugard Dressler
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Haller
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ulli Köster
- 5Institut Laue-Langevin, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Roger Schibli
- 3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,4Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Türler
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- 1Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,3Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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Fuchigami T, Ono H, Oyadomari K, Iwatake M, Hayasaka D, Akbari M, Yui K, Nishi K, Kudo T, Yoshida S, Haratake M, Nakayama M. Development of a 68Ge/ 68Ga Generator System Using Polysaccharide Polymers and Its Application in PET Imaging of Tropical Infectious Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1400-1407. [PMID: 30023633 PMCID: PMC6044706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-68 (68Ga) is a positron emitter for clinical positron emission tomography (PET) applications that can be produced by a 68Ge/68Ga generator without cyclotron. However, commercially available 68Ge/68Ga generator systems require multiple steps for the preparation of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals and are sometimes plagued by metallic impurities in the 68Ga eluent. We developed a 68Ge/68Ga generator system using polysaccharide-based adsorbents and direct application of the generator-eluted 68Ga-citrate to PET imaging of tropical infectious diseases. N-Methylglucamine (MG) as a 68Ge-adsorbing unit (Sepha-MGs) was introduced to a series of Sephadex G-10, G-15, G-25, G-50, and G-75. In the batch method, over 97% of the 68Ge in the solution was adsorbed onto the Sepha-MG series within 15 min. In particular, 68Ge was effectively adsorbed on the Sepha(15)-MG packed columns and 70-80% of the 68Ga was eluted by 1 mL of 0.1 M trisodium citrate with low 68Ge contamination (<0.001%). The chemical form of the generator-eluted 68Ga solution was identified as 68Ga-citrate. In PET studies, affected regions in mice infected with Leishmania and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus were clearly visualized using the 68Ga-citrate. Sepha-MGs are useful adsorbents for 68Ge/68Ga generator systems with high 68Ga elution efficiency and minimal 68Ge breakthrough. These results indicated that eluted 68Ga-citrate can be directly used for PET imaging of infectious sites in mice. This novel generator system may be useful for straightforward PET imaging of infection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fuchigami
- Department
of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hokuto Ono
- Department
of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kohta Oyadomari
- Department
of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Department
of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Department
of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Leading Graduate
School Program and Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masoud Akbari
- Division
of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division
of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department
of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Leading Graduate
School Program and Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department
of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Leading Graduate
School Program and Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshida
- Department
of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mamoru Haratake
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-2 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Morio Nakayama
- Department
of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Ben Azzouna R, Alshoukr F, Leygnac S, Guez A, Gonzalez W, Rousseaux O, Guilloteau D, Le Guludec D. A new68Ga anionic concentration and purification method for automated synthesis of [68Ga]-DOTA or NODAGA conjugated peptides in high radiochemical purity. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:403-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ben Azzouna
- Nuclear Medicine Department and DHU FIRE; Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, AP-HP; Paris France
- UMR 1148 Inserm; Paris France
- Federation de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale; Paris 7 University; Paris France
- Pharmacy Department; Bichat Claude Bernard University Hospital, APHP; Paris France
| | - Faisal Alshoukr
- Nuclear Medicine Department and DHU FIRE; Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, AP-HP; Paris France
- UMR 1148 Inserm; Paris France
- Federation de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale; Paris 7 University; Paris France
| | - Sébastien Leygnac
- Nuclear Medicine Department and DHU FIRE; Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, AP-HP; Paris France
- UMR 1148 Inserm; Paris France
- Federation de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale; Paris 7 University; Paris France
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominique Le Guludec
- Nuclear Medicine Department and DHU FIRE; Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, AP-HP; Paris France
- UMR 1148 Inserm; Paris France
- Federation de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale; Paris 7 University; Paris France
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Velikyan I. Continued rapid growth in68Ga applications: update 2013 to June 2014. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:99-121. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Uppsala University; SE-75183 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science; Uppsala University; SE-75285 Uppsala Sweden
- PET-Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging; Uppsala University Hospital; SE-75185 Uppsala Sweden
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Mukherjee A, Pandey U, Chakravarty R, Sarma HD, Dash A. Single vial kit formulation for preparation of PET radiopharmaceutical: 68Ga-DOTA-TOC. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Sudbrock F, Fischer T, Zimmermanns B, Guliyev M, Dietlein M, Drzezga A, Schomäcker K. Characterization of SnO2-based (68)Ge/ (68)Ga generators and (68)Ga-DOTATATE preparations: radionuclide purity, radiochemical yield and long-term constancy. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:36. [PMID: 26055937 PMCID: PMC4884004 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-014-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing utilization of 68Ge-68Ga radionuclide generators, 68Ga labelled peptides like DOTATATE are receiving more attention in nuclear medicine. On the one hand, the long half-life of the parent nuclide 68Ge is an enormous advantage for routine applications, but the question of the long-term stability of the 68Ge breakthrough arises, which up to now has scarcely been investigated. Method A sum of 123 eluates from four different 68Ge-68Ga generators (iThemba Labs, Faure, South Africa) and 115 samples of the prepared radiopharmaceutical 68Ga-DOTATATE were measured first with a dose calibrator and again after decay of the eluted 68Ga via gamma-ray spectrometry. A complete decay curve was recorded for one sample eluate. A further three eluates were eluted in ten fractions of 0.5 ml in order to obtain detailed information concerning the distribution of the two nuclides within the eluates. The influences of factors such as the amount of DOTATATE, addition of Fe3+ salts and replacement of HEPES buffer with sodium acetate on the radiochemical synthesis were also tested. Results The content of long-lived 68Ge breakthrough increases over the entire period of use to more than 100 ppm. The labelling process with the chelator DOTA removes 68Ge efficiently. The maximum activity found in the residues of the radiopharmaceuticals investigated in this study was below 10 Bq in nearly all cases. In many cases (12% of the labelled substance), the long-lived parent nuclide could not be identified at all. The labelling process is still viable for reduced amounts of the chelator and with acetate buffer. Conclusion Effective doses received by the patient from 68Ge in the injected radiopharmaceutical 68Ga-DOTATATE are lower than 0.1 μSv and are therefore practically negligible, especially when compared with the contribution of the PET radiopharmaceutical itself. Gamma-ray spectrometry as recommended by the European Pharmacopeia is suitable for quantification of radionuclidic impurities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-014-0036-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Sudbrock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str 62, Cologne, NRW 50937, Germany,
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Chakravarty R, Dash A. Nanomaterial-based adsorbents: the prospect of developing new generation radionuclide generators to meet future research and clinical demands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Ram R, Dash A, Pillai MRA. Long-term evaluation of 'BARC 68Ge/68Ga generator' based on the nanoceria-polyacrylonitrile composite sorbent. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:631-7. [PMID: 23745686 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the long-term evaluation of a nanoceria-polyacrylonitrile (CeO2-PAN) composite sorbent-based (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator reported. This generator used the new CeO2-PAN composite sorbent for preparation of the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator. Since this sorbent has not been previously evaluated, a thorough long-term evaluation of the performance of the generator is necessary to ensure its applicability for clinical practice. The performance of the generator was evaluated in terms of (68)Ga yield, (68)Ge breakthrough, radioactive concentration of the (68)Ga solution, and suitability of the (68)Ga for the preparation of (68)Ga-labeled tracers. The (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator was able to provide a (68)Ga activity with consistent yields (>70%) and having acceptable radionuclidic (<10(-4)% of (68)Ge breakthrough), radiochemical, and chemical purities for an extended period of time. The eluted (68)GaCl3 is useful for the majority of the (68)Ga complexation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
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