1
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Bayatinejad G, Salehi M, Beigverdi R, Halimi S, Emaneini M, Jabalameli F. In Vitro antibiotic combinations of Colistin, Meropenem, Amikacin, and Amoxicillin/clavulanate against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:298. [PMID: 37864176 PMCID: PMC10588070 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) strains have increased worldwide. In addition, biofilm production by these resistant isolates has confronted clinicians with higher treatment failure and infection recurrence. Given the paucity of new agents and limited data on combination therapy for MDR-KPs, the present study sought to evaluate the in vitro activity of several antibiotic combinations against planktonic and biofilm MDR-KPs isolated from patients with VAP. RESULTS All 10 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance against the tested antibiotics. At planktonic mode, combinations of colistin-meropenem and amoxicillin/clavulanate in combination with meropenem, colistin, or amikacin showed synergism against 60-70% isolates. On the other hand, in the biofilm state, colistin-based combinations exhibited synergism against 50-70% isolates and the most effective combination was colistin-amikacin with 70% synergy. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that combinations of amoxicillin/clavulanate with colistin, meropenem, or amikacin in the planktonic mode and colistin with amoxicillin/clavulanate, meropenem, or amikacin in the biofilm mode could effectively inhibit CRKP isolates, and thus could be further explored for the treatment of CRKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Bayatinejad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Halimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Aloke C, Achilonu I. Coping with the ESKAPE pathogens: Evolving strategies, challenges and future prospects. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105963. [PMID: 36584930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are the major cause of nosocomial infections. These pathogens are multidrug resistant, and their negative impacts have brought serious health challenges and economic burden on many countries worldwide. Thus, this narrative review exploits different emerging alternative therapeutic strategies including combination antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides ((AMPs), bacteriophage and photodynamic therapies used in the treatment of the ESKAPE pathogens, their merits, limitations, and future prospects. Our findings indicate that ESKAPE pathogens exhibit resistance to drug using different mechanisms including drug inactivation by irreversible enzyme cleavage, drug-binding site alteration, diminution in permeability of drug or drug efflux increment to reduce accumulation of drug as well as biofilms production. However, the scientific community has shown significant interest in using these novel strategies with numerous benefits although they have some limitations including but not limited to instability and toxicity of the therapeutic agents, or the host developing immune response against the therapeutic agents. Thus, comprehension of resistance mechanisms of these pathogens is necessary to further develop or modify these approaches in order to overcome these health challenges including the barriers of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Aloke
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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3
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Teethaisong Y, Chueakwon P, Poolpol K, Ayamuang IO, Suknasang S, Apinundecha C, Eumkeb G. Stephania suberosa Forman extract synergistically inhibits ampicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103557. [PMID: 36712182 PMCID: PMC9876979 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in enterococci is among the most serious public health problems worldwide. The new naturally occurring antibacterial agents were explored. This study, therefore, investigated the antibacterial potential of Stephania suberosa extract (SSE) and its synergism with ampicillin (AMP) or vancomycin (VAN) against AMP- and VAN-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Disc diffusion assay revealed that SSE inhibited E. faecium DMST 12829, 12852, 12970, and a reference strain of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212 in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SSE against all E. faecium isolates was 0.5 mg/mL. E. faecium DMST 12,829 and 12,852 were highly resistant to AMP, as indicated by high MIC values, and E. faecium DMST 12,829 and 12,970 were resistant to VAN. Enterococcus spp. were killed by SSE at the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranging from 0.5 to 4 mg/mL. Checkerboard determination showed that SSE plus AMP and SSE plus VAN combinations exhibited synergistic interaction against E. faecium isolates. The killing curve assay of E. faecium isolates confirmed the antibacterial and synergistic activities of combined agents by dramatically reducing the viable counts compared to a single agent. Scanning electron microscope elucidated the cell damage and abnormal cell division. Enterococcal proteases were also inhibited by SSE. These findings support that SSE could reverse the activity of AMP and VAN. Moreover, it can synergistically inhibit AMP- and VAN-resistant E. faecium. Our combined agents could be attractive candidates for developing new combinatorial agents to resurrect the efficacy of antibiotics for treating AMP- and VAN-resistant E. faecium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yothin Teethaisong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand,Research Unit for Sensor Innovation (RUSI), Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - Piyasiri Chueakwon
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kulwara Poolpol
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - Intu-orn Ayamuang
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Suknasang
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chittadech Apinundecha
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Griangsak Eumkeb
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Corresponding author.
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4
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Jensen JD, Stikeleather RA, Kowalik TF, Lynch M. Imposed mutational meltdown as an antiviral strategy. Evolution 2020; 74:2549-2559. [PMID: 33047822 PMCID: PMC7993354 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Following widespread infections of the most recent coronavirus known to infect humans, SARS‐CoV‐2, attention has turned to potential therapeutic options. With no drug or vaccine yet approved, one focal point of research is to evaluate the potential value of repurposing existing antiviral treatments, with the logical strategy being to identify at least a short‐term intervention to prevent within‐patient progression, while long‐term vaccine strategies unfold. Here, we offer an evolutionary/population‐genetic perspective on one approach that may overwhelm the capacity for pathogen defense (i.e., adaptation) – induced mutational meltdown – providing an overview of key concepts, review of previous theoretical and experimental work of relevance, and guidance for future research. Applied with appropriate care, including target specificity, induced mutational meltdown may provide a general, rapidly implemented approach for the within‐patient eradication of a wide range of pathogens or other undesirable microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Jensen
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281.,Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281
| | - Ryan A Stikeleather
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281
| | - Timothy F Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655
| | - Michael Lynch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281.,Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281
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5
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Mechanistic Understanding Enables the Rational Design of Salicylanilide Combination Therapies for Gram-Negative Infections. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02068-20. [PMID: 32934086 PMCID: PMC7492738 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02068-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for more-effective treatments to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Combination therapies are a promising strategy, especially when these enable existing clinical drugs to be repurposed as antibiotics. We examined the mechanisms of action and basis of innate Gram-negative resistance for the anthelmintic drug niclosamide and subsequently exploited this information to demonstrate that niclosamide and analogs kill Gram-negative bacteria when combined with antibiotics that inhibit drug efflux or permeabilize membranes. We confirm the synergistic potential of niclosamide in vitro against a diverse range of recalcitrant Gram-negative clinical isolates and in vivo in a mouse abscess model. We also demonstrate that nitroreductases can confer resistance to niclosamide but show that evolution of these enzymes for enhanced niclosamide resistance confers a collateral sensitivity to other clinical antibiotics. Our results highlight how detailed mechanistic understanding can accelerate the evaluation and implementation of new combination therapies. One avenue to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is the coadministration of multiple drugs (combination therapy), which can be particularly promising if drugs synergize. The identification of synergistic drug combinations, however, is challenging. Detailed understanding of antibiotic mechanisms can address this issue by facilitating the rational design of improved combination therapies. Here, using diverse biochemical and genetic assays, we examine the molecular mechanisms of niclosamide, a clinically approved salicylanilide compound, and demonstrate its potential for Gram-negative combination therapies. We discovered that Gram-negative bacteria possess two innate resistance mechanisms that reduce their niclosamide susceptibility: a primary mechanism mediated by multidrug efflux pumps and a secondary mechanism of nitroreduction. When efflux was compromised, niclosamide became a potent antibiotic, dissipating the proton motive force (PMF), increasing oxidative stress, and reducing ATP production to cause cell death. These insights guided the identification of diverse compounds that synergized with salicylanilides when coadministered (efflux inhibitors, membrane permeabilizers, and antibiotics that are expelled by PMF-dependent efflux), thus suggesting that salicylanilide compounds may have broad utility in combination therapies. We validate these findings in vivo using a murine abscess model, where we show that niclosamide synergizes with the membrane permeabilizing antibiotic colistin against high-density infections of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates. We further demonstrate that enhanced nitroreductase activity is a potential route to adaptive niclosamide resistance but show that this causes collateral susceptibility to clinical nitro-prodrug antibiotics. Thus, we highlight how mechanistic understanding of mode of action, innate/adaptive resistance, and synergy can rationally guide the discovery, development, and stewardship of novel combination therapies.
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6
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Coates ARM, Hu Y, Holt J, Yeh P. Antibiotic combination therapy against resistant bacterial infections: synergy, rejuvenation and resistance reduction. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:5-15. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1705155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. M. Coates
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - James Holt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pamela Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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7
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Maeda T, Horinouchi T, Sakata N, Sakai A, Furusawa C. High-throughput identification of the sensitivities of an Escherichia coli ΔrecA mutant strain to various chemical compounds. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:566-573. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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8
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Ormond L, Liu P, Matuszewski S, Renzette N, Bank C, Zeldovich K, Bolon DN, Kowalik TF, Finberg RW, Jensen JD, Wang JP. The Combined Effect of Oseltamivir and Favipiravir on Influenza A Virus Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1913-1924. [PMID: 28854600 PMCID: PMC5570085 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus inflicts a heavy death toll annually and resistance to existing antiviral drugs has generated interest in the development of agents with novel mechanisms of action. Favipiravir is an antiviral drug that acts by increasing the genome-wide mutation rate of influenza A virus (IAV). Potential synergistic benefits of combining oseltamivir and favipiravir have been demonstrated in animal models of influenza, but the population-level effects of combining the drugs are unknown. In order to elucidate the underlying evolutionary processes at play, we performed genome-wide sequencing of IAV experimental populations subjected to serial passaging in vitro under a combined protocol of oseltamivir and favipiravir. We describe the interplay between mutation, selection, and genetic drift that ultimately culminates in population extinction. In particular, selective sweeps around oseltamivir resistance mutations reduce genome-wide variation while deleterious mutations hitchhike to fixation given the increased mutational load generated by favipiravir. This latter effect reduces viral fitness and accelerates extinction compared with IAV populations treated with favipiravir alone, but risks spreading both established and newly emerging mutations, including possible drug resistance mutations, if transmission occurs before the viral populations are eradicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ormond
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Sebastian Matuszewski
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Renzette
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Claudia Bank
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Konstantin Zeldovich
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Daniel N Bolon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Timothy F Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Robert W Finberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Jeffrey D Jensen
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State University
| | - Jennifer P Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School
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9
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Patel YS, Mehra S. Synergistic Response of Rifampicin with Hydroperoxides on Mycobacterium: A Mechanistic Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2075. [PMID: 29163385 PMCID: PMC5671503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged chemotherapy as well as rapid development of antimicrobial resistance are two of the major concerns for treatment of mycobacterial infections. To enhance the effectiveness of current drug regimens, search for compounds having synergistic interaction with anti-mycobacterial drugs has become indispensable. Here, we have investigated the intervention by oxidative stress, a major factor in mycobacterial pathogenesis, in combination with rifampicin (RIF), a first-line drug used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have observed that a sub-inhibitory concentration of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), a hydrophobic oxidant, synergistically reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of RIF by fourfold, with a Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of 0.45. Also, this interaction was found to be robust and synergistic against different strains of M. smegmatis as well as on M. bovis BCG, with FICI ranging from 0.3 to 0.6. Various physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters were explored to understand the mechanism of synergy. It was observed that increased membrane permeability owing to the presence of the oxidant, led to higher uptake of the drug. Moreover, downregulation of the hydroperoxide reductases by RIF, a transcriptional inhibitor, prevented quenching of the reactive oxygen species produced in the presence of CHP. The lipid soluble reactive species triggered autocatalytic lipid peroxidation (LPO), observed here as extensive membrane damage eventually leading to growth inhibition. Furthermore, it was seen that in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the effect was only additive, establishing LPO as a key aspect leading toward synergism. To conclude, this work suggests that targeting the bacterial membrane by a radical species can have a significant impact on the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarika Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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10
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Wambaugh MA, Shakya VPS, Lewis AJ, Mulvey MA, Brown JCS. High-throughput identification and rational design of synergistic small-molecule pairs for combating and bypassing antibiotic resistance. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001644. [PMID: 28632788 PMCID: PMC5478098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant infections kill approximately 23,000 people and cost $20,000,000,000 each year in the United States alone despite the widespread use of small-molecule antimicrobial combination therapy. Antibiotic combinations typically have an additive effect: the efficacy of the combination matches the sum of the efficacies of each antibiotic when used alone. Small molecules can also act synergistically when the efficacy of the combination is greater than the additive efficacy. However, synergistic combinations are rare and have been historically difficult to identify. High-throughput identification of synergistic pairs is limited by the scale of potential combinations: a modest collection of 1,000 small molecules involves 1 million pairwise combinations. Here, we describe a high-throughput method for rapid identification of synergistic small-molecule pairs, the overlap2 method (O2M). O2M extracts patterns from chemical-genetic datasets, which are created when a collection of mutants is grown in the presence of hundreds of different small molecules, producing a precise set of phenotypes induced by each small molecule across the mutant set. The identification of mutants that show the same phenotype when treated with known synergistic molecules allows us to pinpoint additional molecule combinations that also act synergistically. As a proof of concept, we focus on combinations with the antibiotics trimethoprim and sulfamethizole, which had been standard treatment against urinary tract infections until widespread resistance decreased efficacy. Using O2M, we screened a library of 2,000 small molecules and identified several that synergize with the antibiotic trimethoprim and/or sulfamethizole. The most potent of these synergistic interactions is with the antiviral drug azidothymidine (AZT). We then demonstrate that understanding the molecular mechanism underlying small-molecule synergistic interactions allows the rational design of additional combinations that bypass drug resistance. Trimethoprim and sulfamethizole are both folate biosynthesis inhibitors. We find that this activity disrupts nucleotide homeostasis, which blocks DNA replication in the presence of AZT. Building on these data, we show that other small molecules that disrupt nucleotide homeostasis through other mechanisms (hydroxyurea and floxuridine) also act synergistically with AZT. These novel combinations inhibit the growth and virulence of trimethoprim-resistant clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, suggesting that they may be able to be rapidly advanced into clinical use. In sum, we present a generalizable method to screen for novel synergistic combinations, to identify particular mechanisms resulting in synergy, and to use the mechanistic knowledge to rationally design new combinations that bypass drug resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/chemistry
- Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/pharmacology
- Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use
- Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Biological Assay
- Computational Biology
- Drug Design
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/microbiology
- Escherichia coli/drug effects
- Escherichia coli/growth & development
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy
- Escherichia coli Infections/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology
- Folic Acid Antagonists/chemistry
- Folic Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Folic Acid Antagonists/therapeutic use
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy
- Klebsiella Infections/metabolism
- Klebsiella Infections/microbiology
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/growth & development
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolism
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Mutation
- Mutation Rate
- Pattern Recognition, Automated
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Small Molecule Libraries
- Sulfamethizole/agonists
- Sulfamethizole/chemistry
- Sulfamethizole/pharmacology
- Sulfamethizole/therapeutic use
- Trimethoprim/agonists
- Trimethoprim/chemistry
- Trimethoprim/pharmacology
- Trimethoprim/therapeutic use
- Zebrafish/embryology
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A. Wambaugh
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Viplendra P. S. Shakya
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Lewis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. S. Brown
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Kang YJ, Wakabayashi C, Kim KH. Antihelminthic potential of quinacrine and oxyclozanide against gill parasite Microcotyle sebastis in black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 119:259-263. [PMID: 27225210 DOI: 10.3354/dao02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the treatment potential of quinacrine and oxyclozanide against Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) infection in cultured black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. The oral administration of quinacrine led to a reduction in the mean abundance of M. sebastis infection in all quinacrine-treated groups, and the groups of fish administered quinacrine at 50, 100, and 200 mg kg(-1) for 3 consecutive days showed a parasite mean abundance that was 50 to 30% lower compared to that of the control group, suggesting that quinacrine has a therapeutic potential against M. sebastis. Although oxyclozanide showed a very high in vitro killing activity, in oral administration experiments, only the groups of fish administered 200 mg kg(-1) showed less than 50% mean abundance of M. sebastis compared to the control groups, suggesting that the absorption efficiency of orally administered oxyclozanide might be low in black rockfish and/or that M. sebastis might be less sensitive to orally ingested oxyclozanide. As praziquantel has been the sole therapeutic against M. sebastis infection in Korea for a long time, a broadening of available control measures is advisable in order to reduce the possible emergence of praziquantel-resistant M. sebastis. In our study, although quinacrine and oxyclozanide showed a therapeutic potential against M. sebastis, the treatment efficacy was not high enough to replace praziquantel. Thus, after investigations on the pathological effects and pharmacodynamics, use of quinacrine or oxyclozanide in combination with praziquantel may be considered as a way to prevent praziquantel resistance in M. sebastis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jai Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Sciences, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, South Korea
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12
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Pál C, Papp B, Lázár V. Collateral sensitivity of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:401-7. [PMID: 25818802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how evolution of microbial resistance towards a given antibiotic influences susceptibility to other drugs is a challenge of profound importance. By combining laboratory evolution, genome sequencing, and functional analyses, recent works have charted the map of evolutionary trade-offs between antibiotics and have explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Strikingly, mutations that caused multidrug resistance in bacteria simultaneously enhanced sensitivity to many other unrelated drugs (collateral sensitivity). Here, we explore how this emerging research sheds new light on resistance mechanisms and the way it could be exploited for the development of alternative antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Pál
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Papp
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Lázár
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Ramos DF, Matthiensen A, Colvara W, de Votto APS, Trindade GS, da Silva PEA, Yunes JS. Antimycobacterial and cytotoxicity activity of microcystins. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:9. [PMID: 25802510 PMCID: PMC4369887 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work aimed to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa toxins, the MC-LR variant and purified extract of [D-Leu(1)] microcystin-LR. METHODS The antimicrobial activity of M. aeruginosa extract and microcystin was evaluated by resazurin microtiter assay against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. terrae, M. chelonae and M. kansasii. The cytotoxicity assay was performed by trypan blue exclusion against the HTC cell line. RESULTS Antimicrobial activity was observed in the hexanic extract of M. aeruginosa (RST 9501 strain) against M. tuberculosis, including sensitive and resistant strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1.93 μM and 0.06 μM. The high activity of M. aeruginosa hexanic extract could be attributed to the major presence of the toxins MC-LR and [D-Leu(1)] MC-LR that showed activity at MIC between 53 and 0.42 μM against tested mycobacterial strains. Even at the highest concentration tested, no toxicity of M. aeruginosa extracts was identified against HTC cells. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that [D-Leu(1)] MC-LR is a promising candidate for the development of a new antimycobacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- />Research Center in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - Alexandre Matthiensen
- />Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Embrapa), Concórdia, Santa Catarina State Brazil
| | - Wilson Colvara
- />School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Souza de Votto
- />Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - Gilma Santos Trindade
- />Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- />Research Center in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - João Sarkis Yunes
- />Laboratory of Cyanobacteria and Phycotoxins, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
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Goswami CP, Cheng L, Alexander PS, Singal A, Li L. A New Drug Combinatory Effect Prediction Algorithm on the Cancer Cell Based on Gene Expression and Dose-Response Curve. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26225234 PMCID: PMC4360667 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression data before and after treatment with an individual drug and the IC20 of dose–response data were utilized to predict two drugs' interaction effects on a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cancer cell. A novel drug interaction scoring algorithm was developed to account for either synergistic or antagonistic effects between drug combinations. Different core gene selection schemes were investigated, which included the whole gene set, the drug-sensitive gene set, the drug-sensitive minus drug-resistant gene set, and the known drug target gene set. The prediction scores were compared with the observed drug interaction data at 6, 12, and 24 hours with a probability concordance (PC) index. The test result shows the concordance between observed and predicted drug interaction ranking reaches a PC index of 0.605. The scoring reliability and efficiency was further confirmed in five drug interaction studies published in the GEO database.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pankaj Goswami
- Molecular Lab, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L Cheng
- Centers for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute Shanghai, China
| | - P S Alexander
- Centers for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - A Singal
- Centers for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - L Li
- Centers for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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15
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Elitas M, Martinez-Duarte R, Dhar N, McKinney JD, Renaud P. Dielectrophoresis-based purification of antibiotic-treated bacterial subpopulations. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1850-7. [PMID: 24756475 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of bacteria during antibiotic therapy is a widespread phenomenon, of particular importance in refractory mycobacterial infections such as leprosy and tuberculosis. Persistence is characterized by the phenotypic tolerance of a subpopulation of bacterial cells to antibiotics. Characterization of these "persister" cells is often difficult due to the transient, non-heritable nature of the phenotype and due to the presence of contaminating material from non-persisting cells, which usually comprise the larger fraction. In this study, we use 3D carbon-electrode arrays for dielectrophoresis-based separation of intact cells from damaged cells, revealed by differential staining with propidium iodide, and we use this procedure to purify intact cells from cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis treated with isoniazid, a frontline anti-tuberculosis drug. The method presented in this study could be used for rapid label-free enrichment of intact persister cells from antibiotic-treated cultures while preserving the metastable persister phenotype. This approach would facilitate the downstream analysis of low-frequency subpopulations of cells using conventional omics techniques, such as transcriptomic and proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Elitas
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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A rapid and sensitive LC–ESI-MS/MS method for the detection of YF-49–92.MLS in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2521-30. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: YF-49–92.MLS is a novel candidate for TB treatment. An accurate, precise and specific LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of YF-49–92.MLS in rat plasma using verapamil as an IS is reported in this paper. Methodology: Proper retention time and excellent peak shape were acquired using an Agilent Zorbax® SB-C18 column with the mobile phase of 5 mmol/l ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid–methanol (30:70, v/v). The LLOQ was 1 ng/ml. The calibration curves encompassed concentrations from 20 to 5000 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were within 15% by determining low, medium and high concentration samples. Extraction recovery, stability, and matrix effects were also fully validated. Conclusion: This method has been validated to be rapid and sensitive, and successfully applied to the PK study of YF-49-92.MLS in rat plasma.
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Ascenzi P, Coletta A, Cao Y, Trezza V, Leboffe L, Fanali G, Fasano M, Pesce A, Ciaccio C, Marini S, Coletta M. Isoniazid inhibits the heme-based reactivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin N. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69762. [PMID: 23936350 PMCID: PMC3731299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid represents a first-line anti-tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. This prodrug is activated by a mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme called KatG in Mycobacterium tuberculosis), thereby inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid, required for the mycobacterial cell wall. Moreover, isoniazid activation by KatG produces some radical species (e.g., nitrogen monoxide), that display anti-mycobacterial activity. Remarkably, the ability of mycobacteria to persist in vivo in the presence of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species implies the presence in these bacteria of (pseudo-)enzymatic detoxification systems, including truncated hemoglobins (trHbs). Here, we report that isoniazid binds reversibly to ferric and ferrous M. tuberculosis trHb type N (or group I; Mt-trHbN(III) and Mt-trHbN(II), respectively) with a simple bimolecular process, which perturbs the heme-based spectroscopic properties. Values of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for isoniazid binding to Mt-trHbN(III) and Mt-trHbN(II) are K = (1.1±0.1)×10−4 M, kon = (5.3±0.6)×103 M−1 s−1 and koff = (4.6±0.5)×10−1 s−1; and D = (1.2±0.2)×10−3 M, don = (1.3±0.4)×103 M−1 s−1, and doff = 1.5±0.4 s−1, respectively, at pH 7.0 and 20.0°C. Accordingly, isoniazid inhibits competitively azide binding to Mt-trHbN(III) and Mt-trHbN(III)-catalyzed peroxynitrite isomerization. Moreover, isoniazid inhibits Mt-trHbN(II) oxygenation and carbonylation. Although the structure of the Mt-trHbN-isoniazid complex is not available, here we show by docking simulation that isoniazid binding to the heme-Fe atom indeed may take place. These data suggest a direct role of isoniazid to impair fundamental functions of mycobacteria, e.g. scavenging of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Roma, Italy.
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