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Chowdhary S, Hadjantonakis AK. Journey of the mouse primitive endoderm: from specification to maturation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210252. [PMID: 36252215 PMCID: PMC9574636 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blastocyst is a conserved stage and distinct milestone in the development of the mammalian embryo. Blastocyst stage embryos comprise three cell lineages which arise through two sequential binary cell fate specification steps. In the first, extra-embryonic trophectoderm (TE) cells segregate from inner cell mass (ICM) cells. Subsequently, ICM cells acquire a pluripotent epiblast (Epi) or extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE, also referred to as hypoblast) identity. In the mouse, nascent Epi and PrE cells emerge in a salt-and-pepper distribution in the early blastocyst and are subsequently sorted into adjacent tissue layers by the late blastocyst stage. Epi cells cluster at the interior of the ICM, while PrE cells are positioned on its surface interfacing the blastocyst cavity, where they display apicobasal polarity. As the embryo implants into the maternal uterus, cells at the periphery of the PrE epithelium, at the intersection with the TE, break away and migrate along the TE as they mature into parietal endoderm (ParE). PrE cells remaining in association with the Epi mature into visceral endoderm. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the PrE from its specification to its maturation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Chowdhary
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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2
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Unfer V, Tilotta M, Kaya C, Noventa M, Török P, Alkatout I, Gitas G, Bilotta G, Laganà AS. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of hyaluronic acid during pregnancy: a matter of molecular weight. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:823-840. [PMID: 33999749 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1931682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For many years hyaluronic acid (HA) was mainly used for its hydrating properties. However, new applications have recently arisen, considering the biological properties of HA and its molecular weight. Clinical application of low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) initially was supported by specific absorption data. The identification of high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) absorption pathways and the knowledge of its physiological role allowed to evaluate its clinical application. Based on the immunomodulatory properties of HMW-HA and its physiological involvement as signaling molecule, pregnancy represents an interesting context of application. AREA COVERED This expert opinion includes in-vitro, in-vivo, ex-vivo and clinical studies on gestational models. It provides an overview of the physiological and the therapeutic role of HMW-HA in pregnancy starting from its metabolism. Indeed, HMW-HA is widely involved in several physiological processes as implantation, immune response, uterine quiescence and cervical remodeling, and therefore is an essential molecule for a successful pregnancy. EXPERT OPINION Available evidence suggests that HMW-HA administration can support physiological pregnancy, favoring blastocyst adhesion and development, preventing miscarriage and pre-term birth. For this reason, supplementation in pregnancy should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Péter Török
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios Gitas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital,University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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3
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Hadas R, Gershon E, Cohen A, Atrakchi O, Lazar S, Golani O, Dassa B, Elbaz M, Cohen G, Eilam R, Dekel N, Neeman M. Hyaluronan control of the primary vascular barrier during early mouse pregnancy is mediated by uterine NK cells. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135775. [PMID: 33208556 PMCID: PMC7710306 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful implantation is associated with a unique spatial pattern of vascular remodeling, characterized by profound peripheral neovascularization surrounding a periembryo avascular niche. We hypothesized that hyaluronan controls the formation of this distinctive vascular pattern encompassing the embryo. This hypothesis was evaluated by genetic modification of hyaluronan metabolism, specifically targeted to embryonic trophoblast cells. The outcome of altered hyaluronan deposition on uterine vascular remodeling and postimplantation development were analyzed by MRI, detailed histological examinations, and RNA sequencing of uterine NK cells. Our experiments revealed that disruption of hyaluronan synthesis, as well as its increased cleavage at the embryonic niche, impaired implantation by induction of decidual vascular permeability, defective vascular sinus folds formation, breach of the maternal-embryo barrier, elevated MMP-9 expression, and interrupted uterine NK cell recruitment and function. Conversely, enhanced deposition of hyaluronan resulted in the expansion of the maternal-embryo barrier and increased diffusion distance, leading to compromised implantation. The deposition of hyaluronan at the embryonic niche is regulated by progesterone-progesterone receptor signaling. These results demonstrate a pivotal role for hyaluronan in successful pregnancy by fine-tuning the periembryo avascular niche and maternal vascular morphogenesis. Hyaluronan fine-tunes the periembryo avascular niche and maternal vascular morphogenesis during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Hadas
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Gershon
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
| | - Aviad Cohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Gynecology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ofir Atrakchi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, The Israel Institute for Biological Research, Nes Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities and
| | | | - Michal Elbaz
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
| | - Gadi Cohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Dekel
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
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4
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Negrón-Pérez VM, Hansen PJ. Role of yes-associated protein 1, angiomotin, and mitogen-activated kinase kinase 1/2 in development of the bovine blastocyst. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:170-183. [PMID: 29228123 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morula-stage embryo is transformed into a blastocyst composed of epiblast, hypoblast, and trophectoderm (TE) through mechanisms that, in the mouse, involve the Hippo signaling and mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathways. Using the cow as an additional model, we tested the hypotheses that TE and hypoblast differentiation were regulated by the Hippo pathway regulators, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and angiomotin (AMOT), and MAPK kinase 1/2 (MAPK1/2). The presence of YAP1 and CDX2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm of MII oocytes and embryos was evaluated by immunofluorescence labeling. For both molecules, localization changed from cytoplasmic to nuclear as development advanced. Inhibition of YAP1 activity, either by verteporfin or a YAP1 targeting GapmeR, reduced the percent of zygotes that became blastocysts, the proportion of blastocysts that hatched and numbers of CDX2+ cells in blastocysts. Moreover, the YAP1-targeting GapmeR altered expression of 15 of 91 genes examined in the day 7.5 blastocyst. Treatment of embryos with an AMOT targeting GapmeR did not affect blastocyst development or hatching but altered expression of 16 of 91 genes examined at day 7.5 and reduced the number of CDX2+ nuclei and YAP1+ nuclei in blastocysts at day 8.5 of development. Inhibition of MAPK1/2 with PD0325901 did not affect blastocyst development but increased the number of epiblast cells. Results indicate a role for YAP1 and AMOT in function of TE in the bovine blastocyst. YAP1 can also affect function of the epiblast and hypoblast, and MAPK signaling is important for inner cell mass differentiation by reducing epiblast numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M Negrón-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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5
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Vázquez-Diez C, FitzHarris G. Causes and consequences of chromosome segregation error in preimplantation embryos. Reproduction 2018; 155:R63-R76. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Errors in chromosome segregation are common during the mitotic divisions of preimplantation development in mammalian embryos, giving rise to so-called ‘mosaic’ embryos possessing a mixture of euploid and aneuploid cells. Mosaicism is widely considered to be detrimental to embryo quality and is frequently used as criteria to select embryos for transfer in human fertility clinics. However, despite the clear clinical importance, the underlying defects in cell division that result in mosaic aneuploidy remain elusive. In this review, we summarise recent findings from clinical and animal model studies that provide new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of chromosome segregation in the highly unusual cellular environment of early preimplantation development and consider recent clues as to why errors should commonly occur in this setting. We furthermore discuss recent evidence suggesting that mosaicism is not an irrevocable barrier to a healthy pregnancy. Understanding the causes and biological impacts of mosaic aneuploidy will be pivotal in the development and fine-tuning of clinical embryo selection methods.
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Lavrentyeva E, Shishova K, Kagarlitsky G, Zatsepina O. Localisation of RNAs and proteins in nucleolar precursor bodies of early mouse embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:509-520. [PMID: 26376167 DOI: 10.1071/rd15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryos of all mammalian species contain morphologically distinct but transcriptionally silent nucleoli called the nucleolar precursor bodies (NPBs), which, unlike normal nucleoli, have been poorly studied at the biochemical level. To bridge this gap, here we examined the occurrence of RNA and proteins in early mouse embryos with two fluorochromes - an RNA-binding dye pyronin Y (PY) and the protein-binding dye fluorescein-5'-isothiocyanate (FITC). The staining patterns of zygotic NPBs were then compared with those of nucleolus-like bodies (NLBs) in fully grown surrounded nucleolus (SN)-type oocytes, which are morphologically similar to NPBs. We show that both entities contain proteins, but unlike NLBs, NPBs are significantly impoverished for RNA. Detectable amounts of RNA appear on the NPB surface only after resumption of rDNA transcription and includes pre-rRNAs and 28S rRNA as evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridisation with specific oligonucleotide probes. Immunocytochemical assays demonstrate that zygotic NPBs contain rRNA processing factors fibrillarin, nucleophosmin and nucleolin, while UBF (the RNA polymerase I transcription factor) and ribosomal proteins RPL26 and RPS10 are not detectable. Based on the results obtained and data in the contemporary literature, we suggest a scheme of NPB assembly and maturation to normal nucleoli that assumes utilisation of maternally derived nucleolar proteins but of nascent rRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lavrentyeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Shishova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - German Kagarlitsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Zatsepina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
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Feuer S, Liu X, Donjacour A, Simbulan R, Maltepe E, Rinaudo P. Common and specific transcriptional signatures in mouse embryos and adult tissues induced by in vitro procedures. Reproduction 2016; 153:REP-16-0473. [PMID: 27799627 PMCID: PMC5411347 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stressful environmental exposures incurred early in development can affect postnatal metabolic health and susceptibility to non-communicable diseases in adulthood, although the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. Here we use a mouse model to investigate how assorted in vitro exposures restricted exclusively to the preimplantation period affect transcription both acutely in embryos and long-term in subsequent offspring adult tissues, to determine if reliable transcriptional markers of in vitro stress are present at specific developmental time points and throughout development. Each in vitro fertilization or embryo culture environment led to a specific and unique blastocyst transcriptional profile, but we identified a common 18-gene and 9-pathway signature of preimplantation embryo manipulation that was present in all in vitro embryos irrespective of culture condition or method of fertilization. This fingerprint did not persist throughout development and there was no clear transcriptional cohesion between adult IVF offspring tissues or compared to their preceding embryos, indicating a tissue-specific impact of in vitro stress on gene expression. However, the transcriptional changes present in each IVF tissue were targeted by the same upstream transcriptional regulators, which provide insight as to how acute transcriptional responses to stressful environmental exposures might be preserved throughout development to influence adult gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky Feuer
- S Feuer, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- X Liu, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Annemarie Donjacour
- A Donjacour, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Rhodel Simbulan
- R Simbulan, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emin Maltepe
- E Maltepe, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Paolo Rinaudo
- P Rinaudo, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94115, United States
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8
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The first two cell-fate decisions of preimplantation mouse embryo development are not functionally independent. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15034. [PMID: 26461180 PMCID: PMC4602213 DOI: 10.1038/srep15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation embryo development, three distinct cell lineages are formed, represented by the differentiating trophectoderm (TE), primitive endoderm (PrE) and the pluripotent epiblast (EPI). Classically, lineage derivation has been presented as a two-step process whereby outer TE cells are first segregated from inner-cell mass (ICM), followed by ICM refinement into either the PrE or EPI. As ICM founders can be produced following the fourth or fifth cleavage divisions, their potential to equally contribute to EPI and PrE is contested. Thus, modelling the early sequestration of ICM founders from TE-differentiation after the fourth cleavage division, we examined ICM lineage contribution of varying sized cell clones unable to initiate TE-differentiation. Such TE-inhibited ICM cells do not equally contribute to EPI and PrE and are significantly biased to form EPI. This bias is not caused by enhanced expression of the EPI marker Nanog, nor correlated with reduced apical polarity but associated with reduced expression of PrE-related gene transcripts (Dab2 and Lrp2) and down-regulation of plasma membrane associated Fgfr2. Our results favour a unifying model were the three cell lineages are guided in an integrated, yet flexible, fate decision centred on relative exposure of founder cells to TE-differentiative cues.
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9
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Denicol AC, Leão BCS, Dobbs KB, Mingoti GZ, Hansen PJ. Influence of Sex on Basal and Dickkopf-1 Regulated Gene Expression in the Bovine Morula. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196299 PMCID: PMC4510475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex affects function of the developing mammalian embryo as early as the preimplantation period. There were two goals of the current objective. The first was to determine the degree and nature of differences in gene expression between female and male embryos in the cow at the morula stage of development. The second objective was to determine whether DKK1, a molecule known to alter differentiation of the blastocyst, would affect gene expression differently for female and male morulae. In Experiment 1, female and male embryos were treated with DKK1 at Day 5 after insemination. Morulae were harvested 24 h after treatment, pooled in groups of 20 for microarray analysis and RNA subjected to analysis of gene expression by microarray hybridization. There were 662 differentially expressed genes between females and males and 128 of these genes had a fold change ≥ 1.5 between the two sexes. Of the genes upregulated in females, 49.5% were located in the X chromosome. Functional analysis predicted that cell survival was greater in female embryos. Experiment 2 involved a similar design except that transcripts for 12 genes previously reported to be affected by sex, DKK1 or the interaction were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression of all genes tested that were affected by sex in experiment 1 was affected in a similar manner in Experiment 2. In contrast, effects of DKK1 on gene expression were largely not repeatable in Experiment 2. The exception was for the Hippo signaling gene AMOT, which was inhibited by DKK1. In Experiment 3, embryos produced by fertilization with unsorted sperm were treated with DKK1 at Day 5 and abundance of transcripts for CDX2, GATA6, and NANOG determined at Days 5, 6 and 7 after insemination. There was no effect of DKK1 on expression of any of the three genes. In conclusion, female and male bovine embryos have a different pattern of gene expression as early as the morula stage, and this is due to a large extent to expression of genes in the X chromosomes in females. Differential gene expression between female and male embryos is likely the basis for increased resistance to cell death signals in female embryos and disparity in responses of female and male embryos to changes in the maternal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Beatriz C S Leão
- Laboratory of Physiology of Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Kyle B Dobbs
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gisele Z Mingoti
- Laboratory of Physiology of Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Bauer HC, Krizbai IA, Bauer H, Traweger A. "You Shall Not Pass"-tight junctions of the blood brain barrier. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:392. [PMID: 25520612 PMCID: PMC4253952 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of the barrier layers restricting the free diffusion of substances between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the systemic circulation is of great medical interest as various pathological conditions often lead to their impairment. Excessive leakage of blood-borne molecules into the parenchyma and the concomitant fluctuations in the microenvironment following a transient breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during ischemic/hypoxic conditions or because of an autoimmune disease are detrimental to the physiological functioning of nervous tissue. On the other hand, the treatment of neurological disorders is often hampered as only minimal amounts of therapeutic agents are able to penetrate a fully functional BBB or blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier. An in-depth understanding of the molecular machinery governing the establishment and maintenance of these barriers is necessary to develop rational strategies allowing a controlled delivery of appropriate drugs to the CNS. At the basis of such tissue barriers are intimate cell-cell contacts (zonulae occludentes, tight junctions) which are present in all polarized epithelia and endothelia. By creating a paracellular diffusion constraint TJs enable the vectorial transport across cell monolayers. More recent findings indicate that functional barriers are already established during development, protecting the fetal brain. As an understanding of the biogenesis of TJs might reveal the underlying mechanisms of barrier formation during ontogenic development numerous in vitro systems have been developed to study the assembly and disassembly of TJs. In addition, monitoring the stage-specific expression of TJ-associated proteins during development has brought much insight into the “developmental tightening” of tissue barriers. Over the last two decades a detailed molecular map of transmembrane and cytoplasmic TJ-proteins has been identified. These proteins not only form a cell-cell adhesion structure, but integrate various signaling pathways, thereby directly or indirectly impacting upon processes such as cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and transcriptional control. This review will provide a brief overview on the establishment of the BBB during embryonic development in mammals and a detailed description of the ultrastructure, biogenesis, and molecular composition of epithelial and endothelial TJs will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Bauer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg Salzburg, Austria ; Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna, Austria
| | - István A Krizbai
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary ; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad Arad, Romania
| | - Hannelore Bauer
- Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna, Austria
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11
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Denicol AC, Block J, Kelley DE, Pohler KG, Dobbs KB, Mortensen CJ, Ortega MS, Hansen PJ. The WNT signaling antagonist Dickkopf-1 directs lineage commitment and promotes survival of the preimplantation embryo. FASEB J 2014; 28:3975-86. [PMID: 24858280 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-253112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Successful embryonic development is dependent on factors secreted by the reproductive tract. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), an antagonist of the wingless-related mouse mammary tumor virus (WNT) signaling pathway, is one endometrial secretory protein potentially involved in maternal-embryo communication. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of DKK1 in embryo cell fate decisions and competence to establish pregnancy. Using in vitro-produced bovine embryos, we demonstrate that exposure of embryos to DKK1 during the period of morula to blastocyst transition (between d 5 and 8 of development) promotes the first 2 cell fate decisions leading to increased differentiation of cells toward the trophectoderm and hypoblast lineages compared with that for control embryos treated with vehicle. Moreover, treatment of embryos with DKK1 or colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2; an endometrial cytokine known to improve embryo development and pregnancy establishment) between d 5 and 7 of development improves embryo survival after transfer to recipients. Pregnancy success at d 32 of gestation was 27% for cows receiving control embryos treated with vehicle, 41% for cows receiving embryos treated with DKK1, and 39% for cows receiving embryos treated with CSF2. These novel findings represent the first evidence of a role for maternally derived WNT regulators during this period and could lead to improvements in assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeremy Block
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Ovatech LLC, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and
| | - Dale E Kelley
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyle B Dobbs
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher J Mortensen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M Sofia Ortega
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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12
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Hassani SN, Totonchi M, Gourabi H, Schöler HR, Baharvand H. Signaling Roadmap Modulating Naive and Primed Pluripotency. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:193-208. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Wallingford MC, Angelo JR, Mager J. Morphogenetic analysis of peri-implantation development. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1110-20. [PMID: 23728800 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although successful implantation is required for development in placental mammals, the molecular and morphogenetic events that define peri-implantation remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here we present detailed morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of mouse embryos between embryonic day 3.75 and 5.25 of gestation, during the implantation process in vivo. We examined expression patterns of key transcription factors (Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, Cdx2, Gata6, Sox17, and Yy1) during pre- and postimplantation development. Additionally, we examined morphogenetic changes through analysis of ZO-1, Laminin, and E-Cadherin localization. The results presented reveal novel changes in gene expression and morphogenetic events during peri-implantation in utero. Here we show: (1) molecular and morphological changes in primitive endoderm cells as they transition from a salt and pepper distribution to a sheet covering the inner cell mass; (2) tissue-specific GATA6 levels; and (3) a striking pattern of SOX17 that is suggestive of a functional role either directing or permitting implantation at specific sites in the uterine epithelium. CONCLUSIONS A growing number of knockout mice display peri-implantation lethality, and the data presented herein identify key morphogenetic landmarks that can be used to characterize mutant phenotypes, as well as further our basic understanding of peri-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Wallingford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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