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Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Brain-Dead Organ Donors. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) among brain-dead organ donors at Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 54 organ donors were screened for HTLV-1 virus in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Following that, Western blot confirmation was performed to confirm the HTLV-I infection. Results: Anti-HTLV-1 antibodies were detected in 2 (3.4%) cases out of 54 patients tested by ELISA. A western blot was performed in cases of positive results, but none of the subjects tested positive for HTLV-1 infection. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated rare cases of HTLV-I infection in brain-dead organ donors. However, it is recommended that organ donors be investigated for the prevalence of this virus.
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Kozako T, Kato N, Ohsugi T, Uchida Y, Yoshimitsu M, Ishitsuka K, Higaki Y, Sato H, Aikawa A, Honda S. SRT1720 induces SIRT1‐independent cell death in adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma. FEBS J 2022; 289:3477-3488. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kozako
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Naho Kato
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Takeo Ohsugi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yu‐ichiro Uchida
- Division of Hematology and Immunology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Division of Hematology and Immunology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Japan
- Department of Hematology and Immunology Kagoshima University Hospital Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Division of Hematology and Immunology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Japan
- Department of Hematology and Immunology Kagoshima University Hospital Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Haruna Sato
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Aikawa
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiro Honda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
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Kozako T, Aikawa A, Ohsugi T, Uchida YI, Kato N, Sato K, Ishitsuka K, Yoshimitsu M, Honda SI. High expression of NAMPT in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and anti-tumor activity of a NAMPT inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172738. [PMID: 31614144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a malignancy of mature T lymphocytes induced by human T-cell leukemia virus-1 and has a poor outcome. New molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of ATL are needed urgently. We previously reported high expression of Sirtuin 1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone/protein deacetylase, in primary acute-type ATL cells. NAD+ biosynthesis via nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) modulates Sirtuin 1 activity. Here, we examined the expression and effects of inhibiting NAMPT, a rate-limiting enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis, in ATL cells. We found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acute-type ATL expressed significantly higher levels of NAMPT protein than cells from healthy subjects. FK866, a NAMPT inhibitor, induced apoptosis of freshly isolated ATL cells ex vivo and HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines in vitro, which was accompanied by activation of caspases, DNA fragmentation, and disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. However, a pan-caspase inhibitor failed to prevent this FK866-induced cell death, while FK866 increased the caspase-independent cell death mediator endonuclease G. Intriguingly, FK866 also activated autophagy, as demonstrated by increases in protein levels of autophagosome marker LC3-II. Thus, FK866 simultaneously activated apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, FK866 treatment markedly decreased the growth of human ATL tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. We showed that NAMPT is highly expressed in primary ATL cells ex vivo, and that FK866 induces autophagy and caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways in vitro and has an anti-tumor activity in vivo. These results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kozako
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Aikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Ohsugi
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Uchida
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naho Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Xu L, Zhang X, Cheng W, Wang Y, Yi K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Shao L, Zhao T. Hypericin-photodynamic therapy inhibits the growth of adult T-cell leukemia cells through induction of apoptosis and suppression of viral transcription. Retrovirology 2019; 16:5. [PMID: 30782173 PMCID: PMC6381730 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). ATL carries a poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Thus, it is urgent to develop new treatment strategies. Hypericin (HY) is a new-type of photosensitizer in the context of photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its excellent photosensitizing properties and anti-tumor activities. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of hypericin in ATL cells. Clinically achievable concentrations of hypericin in association with PDT induced the inhibition of cell proliferation in ATL cell lines with minimal effect on peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, hypericin-PDT treatment caused apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in leukemic cells. Western blot analyses revealed that hypericin-PDT treatment resulted in downregulation of Bcl-2 and enhanced the expression of Bad, cytochrome C, and AIF. Cleavage of caspases-3/-7/-9/-8, Bid, and PARP was increased in hypericin-PDT-treated ATL cells. In a luciferase assay, hypericin-PDT treatment was able to activate the promoter activity of Bax and p53, resulting in enhanced expression of Bax and p53 proteins. Finally, hypericin-PDT treatment suppressed the expression of viral protein HBZ and Tax by blocking the promoter activity via HTLV-1 5'LTR and 3'LTR. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that hypericin-PDT is highly effective against ATL cells by induction of apoptosis and suppression of viral transcription. These studies highlight the promising use of hypericin-PDT as a targeted therapy for ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhao Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Department, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaining Yi
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linxiang Shao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China.
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Kozako T, Mellini P, Ohsugi T, Aikawa A, Uchida YI, Honda SI, Suzuki T. Novel small molecule SIRT2 inhibitors induce cell death in leukemic cell lines. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:791. [PMID: 30081901 PMCID: PMC6091197 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of the sirtuin family, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent deacylases, which participates in modulation of cell cycle control, neurodegeneration, and tumorigenesis. SIRT2 expression increases in acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Downregulation of SIRT2 using siRNA causes apoptosis of HeLa cells. Therefore, selective inhibitors of SIRT2 are candidate therapeutic agents for cancer. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a T-cell malignancy that has a poor prognosis and develops after long-term infection with human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1. Sirtuin 1 inhibition has been shown to induce apoptosis and autophagy in HTLV-1-infected cell lines, whereas the effects of SIRT2 inhibition alone have not been elucidated. METHODS We assessed the efficacy of our small molecule selective SIRT2 inhibitors NCO-90/141 to induce leukemic cell death. Cell viability was examined using the cell proliferation reagent Cell Count Reagent SF. Apoptotic cells were detected by annexin V-FITC and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays by flow cytometry. Caspase activity was detected using an APOPCYTO Intracellular Caspase Activity Detection Kit. The presence of autophagic vacuoles was assessed using a Cyto-ID Autophagy Detection Kit. RESULTS Our novel small molecule SIRT2-specific inhibitors NCO-90/141 inhibited cell growth of leukemic cell lines including HTLV-1-transformed T-cells. NCO-90/141 induced apoptosis via caspase activation and mitochondrial superoxide generation in leukemic cell lines. However, a caspase inhibitor did not prevent this caspase-associated cell death. Interestingly, NCO-90/141 increased the LC3-II level together with autophagosome accumulation, indicating autophagic cell death. Thus, NCO-90/141 simultaneously caused apoptosis and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NCO-90/141 are highly effective against leukemic cells in caspase-dependent or -independent manners via autophagy, and they may have a novel therapeutic potential for treatment of leukemias including ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kozako
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Paolo Mellini
- Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Ohsugi
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Aikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Uchida
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
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Rodríguez-Zúñiga MJM, Cortez-Franco F, Qujiano-Gomero E. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in a Peruvian hospital in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) positive patients. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:503-509. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton José Max Rodríguez-Zúñiga
- Dermatology Department; Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion; Callao Peru
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Lima Peru
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Kozako T, Soeda S, Yoshimitsu M, Arima N, Kuroki A, Hirata S, Tanaka H, Imakyure O, Tone N, Honda SI, Soeda S. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan induces apoptosis and autophagy in adult T-cell leukemia cells. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:442-60. [PMID: 27419050 PMCID: PMC4856423 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an aggressive T‐cell malignancy that develops after long‐term infection with human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV‐1), requires new treatments. Drug repositioning, reuse of a drug previously approved for the treatment of another condition to treat ATL, offers the possibility of reduced time and risk. Among clinically available angiotensin II receptor blockers, telmisartan is well known for its unique ability to activate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ, which plays various roles in lipid metabolism, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, telmisartan reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptotic cells via caspase activation in ex vivo peripheral blood monocytes from asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers (ACs) or via caspase‐independent cell death in acute‐type ATL, which has a poor prognosis. Telmisartan also induced significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines via caspase activation, whereas other angiotensin II receptor blockers did not induce cell death. Interestingly, telmisartan increased the LC3‐II‐enriched protein fraction, indicating autophagosome accumulation and autophagy. Thus, telmisartan simultaneously caused caspase activation and autophagy. A hypertension medication with antiproliferation effects on primary and leukemia cells is intriguing. Patients with an early diagnosis of ATL are generally monitored until the disease progresses; thus, suppression of progression from AC and indolent ATL to acute ATL is important. Our results suggest that telmisartan is highly effective against primary cells and leukemia cell lines in caspase‐dependent and ‐independent manners, and its clinical use may suppress acute transformation and improve prognosis of patients with this mortal disease. This is the first report demonstrating a cell growth‐inhibitory effect of telmisartan in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kozako
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Shuhei Soeda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology Kagoshima University Hospital Japan; Division of Hematology and Immunology School of Medical and Dental Sciences Center for Chronic Viral Diseases Graduate Kagoshima University Japan
| | - Naomichi Arima
- Department of Hematology and Immunology Kagoshima University Hospital Japan; Division of Hematology and Immunology School of Medical and Dental Sciences Center for Chronic Viral Diseases Graduate Kagoshima University Japan
| | - Ayako Kuroki
- Division of Hematology and Immunology School of Medical and Dental Sciences Center for Chronic Viral Diseases Graduate Kagoshima University Japan
| | - Shinya Hirata
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Kumamoto University Hospital Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Osamu Imakyure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Nanako Tone
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Honda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
| | - Shinji Soeda
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Japan
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Maertens GN. B'-protein phosphatase 2A is a functional binding partner of delta-retroviral integrase. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:364-76. [PMID: 26657642 PMCID: PMC4705670 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish infection, a retrovirus must insert a DNA copy of its RNA genome into host chromatin. This reaction is catalysed by the virally encoded enzyme integrase (IN) and is facilitated by viral genus-specific host factors. Herein, cellular serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is identified as a functional IN binding partner exclusive to δ-retroviruses, including human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). PP2A is a heterotrimer composed of a scaffold, catalytic and one of any of four families of regulatory subunits, and the interaction is specific to the B' family of the regulatory subunits. B'-PP2A and HTLV-1 IN display nuclear co-localization, and the B' subunit stimulates concerted strand transfer activity of δ-retroviral INs in vitro. The protein-protein interaction interface maps to a patch of highly conserved residues on B', which when mutated render B' incapable of binding to and stimulating HTLV-1 and -2 IN strand transfer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goedele N Maertens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Mary's campus, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
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9
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Nicolás D, Ambrosioni J, Paredes R, Marcos MÁ, Manzardo C, Moreno A, Miró JM. Infection with human retroviruses other than HIV-1: HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:947-63. [PMID: 26112187 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1056157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 is the most prevalent retrovirus, with over 30 million people infected worldwide. Nevertheless, infection caused by other human retroviruses like HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 is gaining importance. Initially confined to specific geographical areas, HIV-2, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are becoming a major concern in non-endemic countries due to international migration flows. Clinical manifestations of retroviruses range from asymptomatic carriers to life-threatening conditions, such as AIDS in HIV-2 infection or adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia or tropical spastic paraparesis in HTLV-1 infection. HIV-2 is naturally resistant to some antiretrovirals frequently used to treat HIV-1 infection, but it does have effective antiretroviral therapy options. Unfortunately, HTLV still has limited therapeutic options. In this article, we will review the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of infections caused by these human retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nicolás
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Novel small-molecule SIRT1 inhibitors induce cell death in adult T-cell leukaemia cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11345. [PMID: 26091232 PMCID: PMC4473680 DOI: 10.1038/srep11345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy that develops after long-term infection with human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV)-1. The identification of new molecular targets for ATL prevention and treatment is desired. SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(+) -dependent histone/protein deacetylase, plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, including aging and apoptosis. We previously reported that ATL patients had significantly higher SIRT1 protein levels than healthy controls. Here, we demonstrate that two novel small-molecule SIRT1 inhibitors, NCO-01/04, reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptotic cells in peripheral blood monocyte cells of patients with acute ATL, which has a poor prognosis. NCO-01/04 also reduced the cell viability with DNA fragmentation, Annexin V-positive cells, and caspase activation. However, a caspase inhibitor did not inhibit this caspase-dependent cell death. NCO-01/04 enhanced the endonuclease G level in the nucleus with loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which can promote caspase-independent death. Interestingly, NCO-01/04 increased the LC3-II-enriched protein fraction, indicating autophagosome accumulation as well as autophagy. Thus, NCO-01/04 simultaneously caused caspase activation and autophagy. These results suggest that NCO-01/04 is highly effective against ATL cells in caspase-dependent or -independent manners with autophagy, and that its clinical application might improve the prognosis of patients with this fatal disease.
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11
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CD160 expression defines a uniquely exhausted subset of T lymphocytes in HTLV-1 infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:379-84. [PMID: 25277889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HTLV-1 infection is a life-long retroviral infection. Chronic viral antigenic stimulation induces persistent infection which results in a clinically asymptomatic carrier state. Only a minor proportion of infected individuals develop adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic myelopathy (HAM/TSP). This is dependent on a balance of host and genetic factors. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function is important in the immune response against viral infection; however, the contribution of CD160 receptor associated with CD8+ T lymphocytes is unclear. Thus, we sought to decipher its role on CTL function in HTLV-1 infection. Here, we report high frequencies of CD160 on CD8+ T cells, with significantly higher levels on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. Intercepting the CD160 pathway via blockade of the receptor or its ligand, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) resulted in improved perforin production and CD107a degranulation of HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. Analysis of the CD160-expressing CD8+ cells demonstrated a unique subset associated with a highly differentiated effector memory based on CD45RA and CCR7 co-expression, increased expression of inhibitory molecules, 2B4 and PD1. Altogether, these results suggest a role for CD160/HVEM pathway in regulating immune response against HTLV-1 infection which may prove promising in the development of immune therapies for the treatment of HTLV-1 infection and other associated disorders.
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12
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Ezinne CC, Yoshimitsu M, White Y, Arima N. HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cell function augmented by blockade of 2B4/CD48 interaction in HTLV-1 infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87631. [PMID: 24505299 PMCID: PMC3914814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell response is important in the response to viral infections; this response though is regulated by inhibitory receptors. Expression of inhibitory receptors has been positively correlated with CD8+ T cell exhaustion; the consequent effect of simultaneous blockade of these inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cell response in viral infections have been studied, however, the role of individual blockade of receptor-ligand pair is unclear. 2B4/CD48 interaction is involved in CD8+T cell regulation, its signal transducer SAP (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein) is required for stimulatory function of 2B4/CD244 on lymphocytes hence, we analyzed 2B4/CD244 (natural killer cell receptor) and SAP (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule(SLAM)-associated protein) on total CD8+ and HTLV-1 specific CD8+T cells in HTLV-1 infection and the effect of blockade of interaction with ligand CD48 on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cell function. We observed a high expression of 2B4/CD244 on CD8+ T cells relative to uninfected and further upregulation on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. 2B4+ CD8+ T cells exhibited more of an effector and terminally differentiated memory phenotype. Blockade of 2B4/CD48 interaction resulted in improvement in function via perforin expression and degranulation as measured by CD107a surface mobilization on HTLV-1 specific CD8+ T cells. In the light of these findings, we thus propose an inhibitory role for 2B4/CD48 interaction on CD8+T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibueze Chioma Ezinne
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohann White
- Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Naomichi Arima
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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