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Ferreira I, Dias T, Mouazen AM, Cruz C. Using Science and Technology to Unveil The Hidden Delicacy Terfezia arenaria, a Desert Truffle. Foods 2023; 12:3527. [PMID: 37835181 PMCID: PMC10572273 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Terfezia arenaria is a desert truffle native to the Mediterranean Basin region, highly appreciated for its nutritional and aromatic properties. Despite the increasing interest in this desert truffle, T. arenaria is not listed as an edible truffle authorized for trade in the European Union. Therefore, our objective was to showcase T. arenaria's nutritional and chemical composition and volatile profile. The nutritional analysis showed that T. arenaria is a good source of carbohydrates (67%), proteins (14%), and dietary fibre (10%), resulting in a Nutri-Score A. The truffle's volatile profile was dominated by eight-carbon volatile compounds, with 1-octen-3-ol being the most abundant (64%), and 29 compounds were reported for the first time for T. arenaria. T. arenaria's nutritional and chemical compositions were similar to those of four commercial mushroom and truffle species, while the aromatic profile was not. An electronic nose corroborated that T. arenaria's aromatic profile differs from that of the other four tested mushroom and truffle species. Our data showed that T. arenaria is a valuable food resource with a unique aroma and an analogous composition to meat, which makes it an ideal source for plant-based meat products. Our findings could help promote a sustainable future exploitation of T. arenaria and ensure the quality and authenticity of this delicacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Ferreira
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Teresa Dias
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Abdul M. Mouazen
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Cristina Cruz
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE, Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.F.); (C.C.)
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Lu B, Zhang FM, Yu FQ, Rinaldi AC. Ethnobiological notes and volatile profiles of two rare Chinese desert truffles. Mycology 2022; 13:177-184. [PMID: 35938077 PMCID: PMC9354632 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Feng-Ming Zhang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Yu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Arenas F, Navarro-Ródenas A, Marqués-Gálvez JE, Ghignone S, Mello A, Morte A. Different patterns in root and soil fungal diversity drive plant productivity of the desert truffle Terfezia claveryi in plantation. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5917-5933. [PMID: 34320277 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The desert truffle Terfezia claveryi is one of the few mycorrhizal fungi currently in cultivation in semiarid and arid areas. Agroclimatic parameters seem to affect its annual yield, but there is no information on the influence of biotic factors. In this study, fungal diversity was analysed by high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA region from soil and root samples to compare productive and non-productive mycorrhizal plants in a 4-years old plantation (Murcia, Spain). The fungal metaprofile was dominated by Ascomycota phylum. Desert truffle productivity was driven by different patterns of fungal species composition in soil (species replacement) and root (species richness differences). Moreover, positive associations for ectomycorrhizal and negative for arbuscular mycorrhizal guilds were found in productive roots, and positive associations for fungal parasite-plant pathogen guild in non-productive ones. Soil samples were dominated by pathotroph and saprotroph trophic modes, showing positive associations for Aureobasidium pullulans and Alternaria sp. in productive areas, and positive associations for Fusarium sp. and Mortierella sp. were found in non-productive soils. Finally, some significant OTUs were identified and associated to ascocarp producing patches, which could serve as predictive and location markers of desert truffle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arenas
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Alfonso Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - José Eduardo Marqués-Gálvez
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - SS Turin, CNR, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - SS Turin, CNR, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Asunción Morte
- Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Kamle M, Bar E, Lewinsohn D, Shavit E, Roth-Bejerano N, Kagan-Zur V, Barak Z, Guy O, Zaady E, Lewinsohn E, Sitrit Y. Characterization of Morphology, Volatile Profiles, and Molecular Markers in Edible Desert Truffles from the Negev Desert. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2977-2983. [PMID: 27989114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Desert truffles are mycorrhizal, hypogeous fungi considered a delicacy. On the basis of morphological characters, we identified three desert truffle species that grow in the same habitat in the Negev desert. These include Picoa lefebvrei (Pat.), Tirmania nivea (Desf.) Trappe, and Terfezia boudieri (Chatain), all associated with Helianthemum sessiliflorum. Their taxonomy was confirmed by PCR-RFLP. The main volatiles of fruit bodies of T. boudieri and T. nivea were 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal; however, volatiles of the latter species further included branched-chain amino acid derivatives such as 2-methylbutanal and 3-methylbutanal, phenylalanine derivatives such as benzaldehyde and benzenacetaldehyde, and methionine derivatives such as methional and dimethyl disulfide. The least aromatic truffle, P. lefebvrei, contained low levels of 1-octen-3-ol as the main volatile. Axenic mycelia cultures of T. boudieri displayed a simpler volatile profile compared to its fruit bodies. This work highlights differences in the volatile profiles of desert truffles and could hence be of interest for selecting and cultivating genotypes with the most likable aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kamle
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Einat Bar
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, the Volcani Center , Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Elinoar Shavit
- North American Mycological Association - Medicinal Mushrooms Committee , 192 Partridge LaneConcord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Nurit Roth-Bejerano
- Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Kagan-Zur
- Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ze'ev Barak
- Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ofer Guy
- Desert Agro-Research Center, Ramat-Negev R&D , D. N. Halutza 85515, Israel
| | - Eli Zaady
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, the Volcani Center , Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, the Volcani Center , Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Yaron Sitrit
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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