1
|
Li J, Zhang X, Shen J, Guo J, Wang X, Liu J. Bortezomib promotes apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells by regulating HSP27. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2410-2418. [PMID: 31322176 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of bortezomib on heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in multiple myeloma (MM) and provide a potential new target for clinical treatment. Peripheral blood was collected from 50 normal subjects and 50 patients with newly diagnosed MM and the expression of HSP27 was detected by ELISA. The changes of HSP27 after conventional vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (VAD) chemotherapy, and bortezomib plus VAD were compared. The effect of bortezomib on U266 cell proliferation and apoptosis was detected using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and Annexin V‑FITC/propidium iodide double staining with flow cytometry. The content of HSP27 following bortezomib treatment was determined by ELISA. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HSP27, Bax and Bcl‑2. HSP27 expression was increased in patients with MM compared with healthy control subjects, and the expression was increased as the cancer progressed (P<0.05). Compared with the VAD chemotherapy group, the bortezomib plus VAD chemotherapy regimen significantly inhibited the expression of HSP27 (P<0.05), and the content of HSP27 was decreased in patients in which treatment was effective compared to those patients that exhibited disease progression (P<0.05). The efficacy of the treatment regimes was not associated with age or gender. Compared with the control group, bortezomib or OGX‑427 (HSP27 inhibitor) treatment inhibited U266 cell proliferation, promoted U266 cell apoptosis (P<0.05) and significantly decreased HSP27 expression (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of HSP27 and Bcl‑2 was significantly decreased, while the expression of Bax was increased by bortezomib and OGX‑427 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the bortezomib and OGX‑427 group in the in vitro analysis. HSP27 was positively correlated with Bcl‑2 expression and negatively correlated with Bax expression in U266 cells. In conclusion, bortezomib promotes the apoptosis of MM cells, potentially by downregulating the expression of HSP27, providing a potential novel target for the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Department of Hematology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Hematology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saif R, Awan AR, Tayyab M, Ellahi Babar M, Khalid Mahmood A, Khalid Mahmood A, Ullah Z, Zia S, Wasim M. Expression Profiling of Hspb1 and Tp53 Genes through RT-qPCR in Different Cancer Types of Canis familiaris. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 15:186-193. [PMID: 29845068 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diagnostic molecular marker studies are in vogue to have insight of most prevalent animal diseases including cancer. Objectives: Gene expression profiling of pro and anti-apoptotic genes was conducted in dog Lymphoma, CTVT, SCC, granuloma, perianal adenocarcinoma and mammary tumors. Materials and Methods: Cancerous tissues of 21 affected animals were obtained. Total RNA was extracted followed by cDNA synthesis. Comparative Ct method via Taqman assay (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify corresponding mRNA molecules, Tp53 and Hspb1, as normalized by GAPDH as the reference gene . Results:Hspb1 showed ectopic expression in lymphoma, CTVT and mammary tumors; its down-regulation was observed in granuloma and oral SCC with fold difference (FD) of ±35. Similarly, Tp53 as the tumor suppressor gene with pro-apoptotic properties, showed up-regulation in all tumor types, notably 80% of mammary tumors and 60% of CTVT. The FD values were 33.31 and 2.27, respectively. Conclusion: Altered transcriptomic response of Hspb1 and Tp53 was observed in all cancer types of Canis familiaris. The resulting profile depicts the involvement of the genes in cancer pathways. Thus, the data might be helpful for diagnosis, prognosis, identification and classification of these widespread neoplasms in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Saif
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Awan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Ellahi Babar
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Khalid Mahmood
- Pet center, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asim Khalid Mahmood
- Pet center, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ullah
- Pet center, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, 5400, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Zia
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsukao Y, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki Y, Makino T, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Miyata H, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Mimori K, Mori M, Doki Y. Overexpression of heat-shock factor 1 is associated with a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1819-1825. [PMID: 28454329 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the primary regulator of the response to various stressors. A previous study showed that HSF1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma; however, the prognostic significance of HSF1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the association between HSF1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of patients, as well as the association between HSF1 expression, and heat shock protein (Hsp)27, Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression induced by HSF1, by cDNA microarray and immunohistochemistry analyses. HSF1 protein and mRNA expression were assessed in resected specimens from 270 patients with ESCC in two independent cohorts. Hsp27, Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression were also assessed in 55/270 patients. Patients with high HSF1 expression had a significantly worse OS than those with low HSF1 expression in both cohorts. In multivariate analyses, pathological T stage [hazard ratio (HR), 2.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38-3.65; P=0.0008], pathological N stage (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.04-3.02; P=0.03) and HSF1 expression (HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.48-3.64; P=0.0002) were statistically significant independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, Hsp27 and Hsp90 expression were significantly correlated with HSF1 expression (P<0.0001), but Hsp70 expression was not (P=0.38). These results indicate that HSF1 is a prognostic factor for patients with ESCC, and that Hsp27 and Hsp90, but not Hsp70, may be the downstream targets of HSF1 in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tsukao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular and Surgical Oncology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Ohita 874-0838, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang Y, Wang X, Guo Y, Li W, Yang S, Li W, Cai W. Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Chronic Inflammation. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2976-85. [PMID: 26434601 PMCID: PMC4765536 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 27 (HSP 27) is known as a mediator in immune response and has been recently found to be expressed in prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of HSP27 in inflammatory BPH. Material/Methods Hospitalized BPH patients who received TURP were divided into 4 groups by the presence and degrees of chronic inflammation: non-inflammatory BPH (NI BPH), mild-inflammatory BPH (MI BPH), moderate-inflammatory BPH (MOI BPH), and severe-inflammatory BPH (SI BPH). Expressions of HSP 27, TNF-α, IL-6, and CD3 in prostate tissues and serum of patients were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Results Expression of HSP27 in BPH with histological inflammation was significantly higher than in non-inflammatory BPH. In inflammatory BPH groups, HSP27 expression gradually increased along with increasing inflammation. There was a significant correlation between the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CD3 and HSP27 among different inflammatory BPH groups. Conclusions HSP27 expression level is associated with the degree of chronic inflammation in BPH and may participate in the pathological process in inflammatory BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yuexian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenqing Cai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lelj-Garolla B, Kumano M, Beraldi E, Nappi L, Rocchi P, Ionescu DN, Fazli L, Zoubeidi A, Gleave ME. Hsp27 Inhibition with OGX-427 Sensitizes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Erlotinib and Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1107-16. [PMID: 25740245 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent cause of death from cancer worldwide. Despite the availability of active chemotherapy regimens and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, all advanced patients develop recurrent disease after first-line therapy. Although Hsp27 is a stress-induced chaperone that promotes acquired resistance in several cancers, its relationship to treatment resistance in NSCLC has not been defined. Understanding adaptive responses of acquired resistance will help guide new strategies to control NSCLC. Hsp27 levels were evaluated in an HCC827 erlotinib-resistant-derived cell line (HCC-827Resistant), and sensitivity to erlotinib was examined in Hsp27-overexpressing A549 cells. The role of Hsp27 in both erlotinib and cytotoxic treatment resistance was evaluated in HCC-827 and A549 NSCLC cells using the Hsp27 antisense drug OGX-427. The effect of OGX-427 in combination with erlotinib was also assessed in mice bearing A549 xenografts. Hsp27 is induced by erlotinib and protects NSCLC cells from treatment-induced apoptosis, whereas OGX-427 sensitizes NSCLC cells to erlotinib. Interestingly, increased resistance to erlotinib was observed when Hsp27 was increased either in HCC827 erlotinib-resistant or overexpressing A549 cells. Combining OGX-427 with erlotinib significantly enhanced antitumor effects in vitro and delayed A549 xenograft growth in vivo. OGX-427 also significantly enhanced the activity of cytotoxic drugs used for NSCLC. These data indicate that treatment-induced Hsp27 contributes to the development of resistance, and provides preclinical proof-of-principle that inhibition of stress adaptive pathways mediated by Hsp27 enhances the activity of erlotinib and chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lelj-Garolla
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Masafumi Kumano
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eliana Beraldi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucia Nappi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, and Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Diana N Ionescu
- Pathology Department, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang ZJ, Bulur PA, Dogan A, Gastineau DA, Dietz AB, Lin Y. Immune independent crosstalk between lymphoma and myeloid suppressor CD14 +HLA-DR low/neg monocytes mediates chemotherapy resistance. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e996470. [PMID: 26137410 PMCID: PMC4485750 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.996470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a novel phenotype of myeloid suppressors in lymphoma patients characterized by a loss of HLA-DR expression on monocytes, CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg. These cells were directly immunosuppressive and were associated with poor clinical outcome. In this study, we found that lymphoma tumors could have more than 30% of their tumor occupied by CD14+ cells. This intimate spatial connection suggested substantial cell–cell communication. We examined cross talk between monocytes from healthy volunteers (normal) and lymphoma cells in co-culture to identify the mechanisms and consequences of these interactions. Normal CD14+HLA-DR+ monocytes lost their HLA-DR expression after co-culture with lymphoma cells. Lymphoma-converted CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg cells exhibited similar immunosuppressive functions as CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg monocytes from lymphoma patients. Unexpectedly monocyte additions to lymphoma cell cultures protected lymphoma from cytotoxic killing by chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). Monocyte mediated resistance to DOX killing was associated with decreased Caspase-3 activity and increased anti-apoptotic heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27) expression. Soluble Hsp27 was detected in supernatant and patient plasma. Increased Hsp27 in plasma correlated with increased proportion of CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg monocytes in patient blood and was associated with lack of clinical response to DOX. This is the first report to describe a non-immune function of CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg monocytes: enhanced lymphoma resistance to chemotherapy. It is also the first report in lymphoma of Hsp27 as a potential mediator of lymphoma and monocyte crosstalk and chemotherapy resistance. Together with previous reports of the prevalence of these myeloid suppressors in other cancers, our findings identify this pathway and these interactions as a potential novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peggy A Bulur
- Division of Transfusion Medicine; Mayo Clinic ; Rochester, MN; USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis A Gastineau
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic ; Rochester, MN, USA ; Division of Transfusion Medicine; Mayo Clinic ; Rochester, MN; USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Division of Transfusion Medicine; Mayo Clinic ; Rochester, MN; USA ; Division of Experimental Pathology; Mayo Clinic ; Rochester, MN USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic ; Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Short-hairpin RNA-mediated Heat shock protein 90 gene silencing inhibits human breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:396-402. [PMID: 22521890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 interacts with proteins that mediate signaling pathways involved in the regulation of essential processes such as proliferation, cell cycle control, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Hsp90 inhibition is therefore an attractive strategy for blocking abnormal pathways that are crucial for cancer cell growth. In the present study, the role of Hsp90 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was examined by stably silencing Hsp90 gene expression with an Hsp90-silencing vector (Hsp90-shRNA). RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that Hsp90-shRNA specifically and markedly down-regulated Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression. NF-kB and Akt protein levels were down-regulated in Hsp90-shRNA transfected cells, indicating that Hsp90 knockout caused a reduction of survival factors and induced apoptosis. Treatment with Hsp90-shRNA significantly increased apoptotic cell death and caused cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase in MCF-7 cells, as shown by flow cytometry. Silencing of Hsp90 also reduced cell viability, as determined by MTT assay. In vivo experiments showed that MCF-7 cells stably transfected with Hsp90-shRNA grew slowly in nude mice as compared with control groups. In summary, the Hsp90-shRNA specifically silenced the Hsp90 gene, and inhibited MCF-7 cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Hsp90-shRNA include the degradation of Hsp90 breast cancer-related client proteins, the inhibition of survival signals and the upregulation of apoptotic pathways. shRNA-mediated interference may have potential therapeutic utility in human breast cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaur P, Nagaraja GM, Zheng H, Gizachew D, Galukande M, Krishnan S, Asea A. A mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer tumor-initiating cells (TNBC-TICs) exhibits similar aggressive phenotype to the human disease. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:120. [PMID: 22452810 PMCID: PMC3340297 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibit characteristics quite distinct from other kinds of breast cancer, presenting as an aggressive disease--recurring and metastasizing more often than other kinds of breast cancer, without tumor-specific treatment options and accounts for 15% of all types of breast cancer with higher percentages in premenopausal African-American and Hispanic women. The reason for this aggressive phenotype is currently the focus of intensive research. However, progress is hampered by the lack of suitable TNBC cell model systems. Methods To understand the mechanistic basis for the aggressiveness of TNBC, we produced a stable TNBC cell line by sorting for 4T1 cells that do not express the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) or the gene for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). As a control, we produced a stable triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) cell line by transfecting 4T1 cells with rat HER2, ER and PgR genes and sorted for cells with high expression of ER and PgR by flow cytometry and high expression of the HER2 gene by Western blot analysis. Results We isolated tumor-initiating cells (TICs) by sorting for CD24+/CD44high/ALDH1+ cells from TNBC (TNBC-TICs) and TPBC (TPBC-TICs) stable cell lines. Limiting dilution transplantation experiments revealed that CD24+/CD44high/ALDH1+ cells derived from TNBC (TNBC-TICs) and TPBC (TPBC-TICs) were significantly more effective at repopulating the mammary glands of naïve female BALB/c mice than CD24-/CD44-/ALDH1- cells. Implantation of the TNBC-TICs resulted in significantly larger tumors, which metastasized to the lungs to a significantly greater extent than TNBC, TPBC-TICs, TPBC or parental 4T1 cells. We further demonstrated that the increased aggressiveness of TNBC-TICs correlates with the presence of high levels of mouse twenty-five kDa heat shock protein (Hsp25/mouse HspB1) and seventy-two kDa heat shock protein (Hsp72/HspA1A). Conclusions Taken together, we have developed a TNBC-TICs model system based on the 4T1 cells which is a very useful metastasis model with the advantage of being able to be transplanted into immune competent recipients. Our data demonstrates that the TNBC-TICs model system could be a useful tool for studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatment for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punit Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic and the Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quantitative proteomic study of human lung squamous carcinoma and normal bronchial epithelial acquired by laser capture microdissection. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:510418. [PMID: 22500095 PMCID: PMC3303868 DOI: 10.1155/2012/510418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the differential protein profile of human lung squamous carcinoma (HLSC) and normal bronchial epithelium (NBE) and provide preliminary results for further study to explore the carcinogenic mechanism of HLSC. Methods. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to purify the target cells from 10 pairs of HLSC tissues and their matched NHBE, respectively. A stable-isotope labeled strategy using iTRAQ, followed by 2D-LC/Q-STAR mass spectrometry, was performed to separate and identify the differential expression proteins. Results. A total of 96 differential expression proteins in the LCM-purified HLSC and NBE were identified. Compared with NBE, 49 proteins were upregulated and 47 proteins were downregulated in HLSC. Furthermore, the expression levels of the differential proteins including HSPB1, CKB, SCCA1, S100A8, as well as S100A9 were confirmed by western blot and tissue microarray and were consistent with the results of quantitative proteomics. Conclusion. The different expression proteins in HLSC will provide scientific foundation for further study to explore the carcinogenic mechanism of HLSC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Calderwood SK. Heat shock proteins in breast cancer progression--a suitable case for treatment? Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:681-5. [PMID: 20653417 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.490254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), key factors in the heat shock response (HSR) have been implicated in the etiology of breast cancer. At least two members of the HSP family, Hsp27 and Hsp70 undergo significant increases in cellular concentration during the transformation of mammary cells. These changes result in HSP-mediated inhibition of tumour cell inactivation through blockade of the apoptosis and replicative senescence pathways. The increases in HSP thus mediate two of the common hallmarks of cancer and favour cell birth over cell death. In addition, Hsp90 plays a role in facilitating transformation by stabilising the mutated and over-expressed oncoproteins found in breast tumours, and permitting the activation of growth stimulatory and transforming pathways in the absence of growth factors. HSF1 appears to play a similar role as a facilitator of transformation in mammary carcinoma. Induction of some facets of the HSR in breast cancer cells therefore leads to growth stimulation and inhibits cell death. Pharmacological targeting of HSP and HSF1 is therefore indicated and in the case of Hsp90, inhibitory drugs are undergoing clinical trial for treatment of breast carcinoma and other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart K Calderwood
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Uversky VN. Flexible Nets of Malleable Guardians: Intrinsically Disordered Chaperones in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Chem Rev 2010; 111:1134-66. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States, Institute for Intrinsically Disordered Protein Research, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States, and Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The heat shock protein (HSP) molecular chaperones are the primary cellular defense against damage to the proteome, initiating refolding of denatured proteins and regulating degradation after severe protein damage. Many neurodegenerative disorders involve aberrant protein folding and protein damage, which accumulates in an age-dependent manner. Ageing is associated with the decrease in activity of the heat shock transcription factors (HSF) that regulate HSP gene transcription. Neuronal cells seem particularly vulnerable in this sense as HSF activity and HSP expression are relatively weak in such cells and motor neurons appear to require input of HSP secreted from adjacent glial cells to maintain adequate molecular chaperone levels. It may be significant that motor neurons have been shown to be the sensitive cells in the ageing of Drosophila and C. elegans and that these organisms may acquire extended lifespans with over-expression of small heat shock proteins and HSF1. HSF1 transcriptional activity has been discussed in neuronal cells, concentrating on the regulation and activity of HSF1 and HSF2 and their role in HSP expression, during neurodegenerative diseases and as mediators of cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tonkiss
- Center for Behavioral Development, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
The metal-binding domain of IGFBP-3 selectively delivers therapeutic molecules into cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:21-31. [PMID: 19342998 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283144610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy for cancer has limited specificity for cancer cells. Here, we investigate the possibility of improving the selectivity of chemotherapy by coadministering targeted biological modifier peptides. We show that the 22-amino acid metal-binding transporter domain (MBD) derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 selectively targets cancer cells. The rate of MBD uptake by cells was measured using a panel of 54 human cancer cell lines and correlated with MBD cross-linking to cell surface transferrin receptor, caveolin 1, and integrin beta. Gene array data show that MBD uptake correlates with the expression of genes associated with cellular stress-coping mechanisms commonly upregulated in cancer (nuclear factor-kappaB, Hsp-70B). MBD-tagged peptides designed to inhibit such mechanisms have cytotoxic effects on a broad range of human cancer cell lines. The discriminant validity of these peptides as potential cotherapeutic agents was investigated by comparing their cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines versus normal human cell counterparts. Synergies between these peptides and marginally cytotoxic levels of 5-fluorouracil were demonstrated. Biodistribution data from in-vivo experiments in mice and rats confirm that MBD-tagged peptides and proteins preferably localize to specific tissues, such as kidney and pancreas. Intracardial injection of CCRF-CEM T-cell leukemia or MDA-MB-435 cells into Rag-2 mice establishes disseminated disease within 7 days. Twenty-five-day subcutaneous administration of a three-peptide cocktail (3 mg/kg) in combination with 5-fluorouracil in Rag-2 mice with established CCRF-CEM leukemia significantly reduces splenomegaly and bone marrow cancer cell burden. In a similar experiment using MDA-MB-435 cells, MBD-tagged peptides reduced human cell burden in bone marrow. Taken together, these data suggest that MBD-tagged molecules can be used as highly selective chemosensitizers in the treatment of hematological and disseminated malignancies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun X, Fontaine JM, Bartl I, Behnam B, Welsh MJ, Benndorf R. Induction of Hsp22 (HspB8) by estrogen and the metalloestrogen cadmium in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 12:307-19. [PMID: 18229450 DOI: 10.1379/csc-276.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) plays a critical role in the etiology and progression of human breast cancer. The estrogenic response is complex and not completely understood, including in terms of the involved responsive genes. Here we show that Hsp22 (synonyms: HspB8, E2lG1, H11), a member of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) superfamily, was induced by E2 in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, resulting in an elevated Hsp22 protein level, whereas it was not induced in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. This induction was prevented by the pure anti-estrogen ICI182780 (faslodex, fulvestrant), whereas tamoxifen, a substance with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, had no major inhibitory effect on this induction, nor did it induce Hsp22 on its own. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with estrogenic properties (metalloestrogen) that has been implicated in breast cancer. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with Cd also resulted in induction of Hsp22, and this induction was also inhibited by ICI182780. In live MCF-7 cells, Hsp22 interacted at the level of dimers with Hsp27, a related sHSP, as was shown by quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. In cytosolic extracts of MCF-7 cells, most of the E2- and Cd-induced Hsp22 was incorporated into high-molecular mass complexes. In part, Hsp22 and Hsp27 were components of distinct populations of these complexes. Finally, candidate elements in the Hsp22 promoter were identified by sequence analysis that could account for the induction of Hsp22 by E2 and Cd. Taken together, Hsp22 induction represents a new aspect of the estrogenic response with potential significance for the biology of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Sun
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 3065 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo K, Liu Y, Zhou H, Dai Z, Zhang J, Sun R, Chen J, Sun Q, Lu W, Kang X, Chen P. Involvement of protein kinase C beta-extracellular signal-regulating kinase 1/2/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-heat shock protein 27 activation in hepatocellular carcinoma cell motility and invasion. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:486-96. [PMID: 18167130 PMCID: PMC11158944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism that underlies the role of various prominent signal pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis, a human signal transduction oligonucleotide microarray analysis was carried out in cultured HCC cell models with increasing spontaneous metastatic potential (MHCC97L, MHCC97H, and HCCLM6). The results revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is the prominently upregulated pathway in HCC metastasis. Further study showed that basal phosphorylated levels of extracellular signal-regulating kinase (ERK)(1/2) and p38 MAPK consecutively increased from MHCC97L to MHCC97H to HCCLM6 cells, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The phosphorylation of ERK(1/2) and p38 MAPK was regulated by upregulated protein kinase C beta (PKC beta) in HCC cells through the integrated use of PKC beta RNA interference, the PKC beta specific inhibitor enzastaurin and a PKC activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) was also verified as a downstream common activated protein of PKC beta-ERK(1/2) and PKC beta-p38 MAPK. In vitro migration and invasion assay further showed that the depletion of PKC beta or inhibition of PKC beta activation effectively decreased HCC cell motility and invasion. Moreover, the motility and invasion of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated PKC beta-mediated HCC cells was significantly negated by an ERK inhibitor, 1.4-diamino-2.3-dicyano-1.4-bis[2-aminophenylthio] butadiene, or a p38 MAPK inhibitor, 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole. It also showed that HSP27 is critical in PKC beta-mediated HCC cell motility and invasion. Taken together, this study reveals the important role of this PKC beta-ERK(1/2)/p38MAPK-HSP27 pathway, which was verified for the first time, in modulating HCC cell motility and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zborek A, Malusecka E, Rusin A, Krzyzowska-Gruca S, Krawczyk Z. Influx of macrophages into livers of rats treated with hepatotoxicants (thioacetamide, allyl alcohol, D-galactosamine) induces expression of HSP25. J Mol Histol 2006; 37:381-9. [PMID: 17103249 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-006-9068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of rats with a single dose of thioacetamide (TAA) provokes centrilobular inflammation and a significant expression of heat shock protein HSP25 in hepatocytes surrounding the area of inflammation. The HSP25 accumulation in hepatocytes adjacent to inflammatory regions was confirmed by identification of positive hepatocytes concentrated at periportal areas after treatment of rats with allyl alcohol (AA) or distributed diffusely throughout liver lobule after treatment with D-galactosamine (D-gal). In our model of TAA-treated rats the use of the anti-inflammatory drug-indomethacin, and the redox-regulating drug-N-acetylcysteine (NAC), significantly attenuated TAA-induced HSP25 expression and evoked morphological changes of recruited ED1+ macrophages. Treatment of rats with gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) decreased considerably the number of Kupffer cells (ED2+ macrophages) without affecting significantly the number and morphology of ED1+ macrophages as well as the expression pattern of TAA-induced HSP25. Our data shows for the first time that ED1+ macrophages recruited into the liver by treatment with TAA play a significant role in HSP25 induction in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zborek
- Department of Tumor Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bausero MA, Bharti A, Page DT, Perez KD, Eng JWL, Ordonez SL, Jantschitsch C, Kindas-Muegge I, Ciocca D, Asea A. Silencing the hsp25 gene eliminates migration capability of the highly metastatic murine 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cell. Tumour Biol 2005; 27:17-26. [PMID: 16340246 PMCID: PMC1764206 DOI: 10.1159/000090152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 25-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp25) is associated with various malignancies and is expressed at high levels in biopsies as well as circulating in the serum of breast cancer patients. In this study, we used RNA interference technology to silence the hsp25 gene in 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cells, known as a poorly immunogenic, highly metastatic cell line. We demonstrate that transfection of 4T1 cells with short interference RNA-Hsp25 dramatically inhibits proliferation as compared with control transfected cells. In addition, we show that 4T1 cells transfected with short interference RNA-Hsp25 abrogates tumor migration potential by a mechanism that is in part due to the repression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and a concomitant upregulation of its antagonist, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1. Taken together, these findings provide a model system for the study of metastatic potential of tumors and are suggestive of an earlier unrecognized role for Hsp25 in tumor migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Bausero
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Laboratorio de Oncología Básica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ajit Bharti
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Diana T. Page
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Kristen D. Perez
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Scott & Whit Clinic and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex., USA
| | - Jason W.-L. Eng
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Susana L. Ordonez
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Christian Jantschitsch
- Division of Special and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Ciocca
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alexzander Asea
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Scott & Whit Clinic and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex., USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang D, Khaleque MA, Jones EL, Theriault JR, Li C, Wong WH, Stevenson MA, Calderwood SK. Expression of heat shock proteins and heat shock protein messenger ribonucleic acid in human prostate carcinoma in vitro and in tumors in vivo. Cell Stress Chaperones 2005; 10:46-58. [PMID: 15832947 PMCID: PMC1074571 DOI: 10.1379/csc-44r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are thought to play a role in the development of cancer and to modulate tumor response to cytotoxic therapy. In this study, we have examined the expression of hsf and HSP genes in normal human prostate epithelial cells and a range of prostate carcinoma cell lines derived from human tumors. We have observed elevated expressions of HSF1, HSP60, and HSP70 in the aggressively malignant cell lines PC-3, DU-145, and CA-HPV-10. Elevated HSP expression in cancer cell lines appeared to be regulated at the post-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels, as indicated by gene chip microarray studies, which indicated little difference in heat shock factor (HSF) or HSP mRNA expression between the normal and malignant prostate cell lines. When we compared the expression patterns of constitutive HSP genes between PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells growing as monolayers in vitro and as tumor xenografts growing in nude mice in vivo, we found a marked reduction in expression of a wide spectrum of the HSPs in PC-3 tumors. This decreased HSP expression pattern in tumors may underlie the increased sensitivity to heat shock of PC-3 tumors. However, the induction by heat shock of HSP genes was not markedly altered by growth in the tumor microenvironment, and HSP40, HSP70, and HSP110 were expressed abundantly after stress in each growth condition. Our experiments indicate therefore that HSF and HSP levels are elevated in the more highly malignant prostate carcinoma cells and also show the dominant nature of the heat shock-induced gene expression, leading to abundant HSP induction in vitro or in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mao L, Bryantsev AL, Chechenova MB, Shelden EA. Cloning, characterization, and heat stress-induced redistribution of a protein homologous to human hsp27 in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Exp Cell Res 2005; 306:230-41. [PMID: 15878347 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hsp27 is a small heat shock protein (shsp) regulating stress tolerance and increasingly thought to play roles in tissue homeostasis and differentiation. The zebrafish Danio rerio is an important model for the study of developmental processes, but little is known regarding shsps in this animal. Here, we report the sequence, expression, regulation, and function of a zebrafish protein (zfHsp27) homologous to human Hsp27. zfHsp27 contains three conserved phosphorylatable serines and a cysteine important for regulation of apoptosis, but it lacks much of a C-terminal tail domain and shows low homology in two putative actin interacting domains that are features of mammalian Hsp27. zfHsp27 mRNA is most abundant in adult skeletal muscle and heart and is upregulated during early embryogenesis. zfHsp27 expressed in mammalian fibroblasts was phosphorylated in response to heat stress and anisomycin, and this phosphorylation was prevented by treatment with SB202190, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Expression of zfHsp27 and human Hsp27 in mammalian fibroblasts promoted a similar degree of tolerance to heat stress. zfHsp27 fusion proteins entered the nucleus and associated with the cytoskeleton of heat stressed cells in vitro and in zebrafish embryos. These results reveal conservation in regulation and function of mammalian and teleost Hsp27 proteins and define zebrafish as a new model for the study of Hsp27 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4234, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang SH, Fung MA, Gandour-Edwards R, Reilly D, Dizon T, Grahn J, Isseroff RR. Heat shock protein 27 is expressed in normal and malignant human melanocytes in vivo. J Cutan Pathol 2005; 31:665-71. [PMID: 15491326 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of highly conserved proteins found ubiquitously in mammalian cells, believed to be regulators of normal cell physiology and the cellular stress response. In addition, the small 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) has previously been found to be a differentiation marker for keratinocytes and a prognostic marker associated with increased survival in certain cancerous tumors. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry on routinely processed paraffin sections, we examined skin biopsies from 15 invasive melanomas, 13 intradermal nevi, and two compound nevi immunostained with a mouse monoclonal antibody to HSP27. In addition, cultured melanocytes were heat stressed at 45 degrees C for 1 h and then fixed and immunostained in order to localize HSP27 expression intracellularly. RESULTS We found cytoplasmic and strong perinuclear staining of HSP27 in melanocytes in normal skin, in melanomas, and in nevi. Nuclear reactivity was absent. In addition, in cultured non-malignant melanocytes, HSP27 expression relocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus with heat stress. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this investigation is the first to demonstrate that HSP27 is expressed in melanocytes in normal skin, in nevi, and in non-malignant cultured melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Kang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Manjili MH, Wang XY, MacDonald IJ, Arnouk H, Yang GY, Pritchard MT, Subjeck JR. Cancer immunotherapy and heat-shock proteins: promises and challenges. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 4:363-73. [PMID: 15006730 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.4.3.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent mechanistic studies on the role of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) to induce innate and adaptive immune responses have resulted in conflicting reports. Whereas some groups reported that HSPs have direct immunological function, others emphasised the endotoxin contamination of HSP preparations and questioned the antigen-specificity of HSP vaccines. The present review will discuss these issues and suggest that HSPs have diverse and distinct immunological functions that could be superimposed on effects resulting from endotoxin contamination or misunderstood by using experimental procedures with inadequate controls. To understand the actual function of HSPs in their interaction with the immune system, methods and procedures need to be optimised and appropriate controls need to be used. These points should also clarify the conflicting findings about HSPs and promote our knowledge about other immuologically important components that may be present in HSP preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bausero MA, Page DT, Osinaga E, Asea A. Surface expression of Hsp25 and Hsp72 differentially regulates tumor growth and metastasis. Tumour Biol 2005; 25:243-51. [PMID: 15627887 PMCID: PMC1764489 DOI: 10.1159/000081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of unique surface structures on tumors that allow for recognition and activation of host immunocompetent cells plays an important role in determining tumor growth and/or metastasis. Recent studies have identified an important role for heat shock proteins (Hsp) in antitumor surveillance; however, the exact role of Hsp expressed on the surface of tumors has not been fully addressed. In this study, we show that 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma cells sorted for high Hsp25 surface expression (Hsp25(high)) grow significantly faster than cells sorted for intermediate Hsp25 surface expression (Hsp25(intermediate)) or wild-type 4T1 cells implanted into the abdominal breast gland of female BALB/c mice (p < 0.05). In addition, histological examination of lung tissues revealed that Hsp25(high) 4T1 cells metastasized to the lungs more aggressively than either Hsp25(intermediate) or wild-type 4T1 cells (p < 0.05). Exposure of 4T1 cells to nonlethal heat shock (43 degrees C, 30 min) induced the surface expression of Hsp72 and a concomitant reduction in Hsp25 surface expression. The growth and metastastic potential of Hsp72(+) 4T1 cells was significantly less than that of Hsp25(high), Hsp25(intermediate) or wild-type 4T1 cells (p < 0.05). Taken together, these studies identify an important role for expression of Hsp25 and Hsp72 during tumor growth and metastatic spread which might be helpful in the design of antimetastatic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María A. Bausero
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
- Laboratorio de Oncología Básica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diana T. Page
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Laboratorio de Oncología Básica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alexzander Asea
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
- Alexzander Asea, PhD, Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street (X314), Boston, MA 02118 (USA), Tel. +1 617 414 1716, Fax +1 617 414 1697, E-Mail
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Verschuure P, Tatard C, Boelens WC, Grongnet JF, David JC. Expression of small heat shock proteins HspB2, HspB8, Hsp20 and cvHsp in different tissues of the perinatal developing pig. Eur J Cell Biol 2004; 82:523-30. [PMID: 14629120 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have described the developmental expression of the small heat shock proteins (sHsps) Hsp27/HspB1 and alphaB-crystallin/HspB5 in different tissues of pigs from almost full-term foetuses to three years old adults (P. Tallot, J. F. Grongnet, J. C. David, Biol. Neonate, 83, 281-288, 2003). The data described in this report extends this study to four other members of the sHsp family (Hsp20/HspB6, cvHsp/HspB7, MKBP/HspB2 and HspB8). We studied expression of these proteins in porcine lens, brain, heart, liver, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, stomach, and colon, and found a ubiquitous expression of Hsp20 and HspB8 as earlier reported for Hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin. In contrast, cvHsp and HspB2 expression is essentially restricted to heart and muscle. During development, the sHsps tend to (temporarily) increase in stomach, liver, lung, kidney, hippocampus, and striatum, while expression in heart is more or less constant, and a large variation is found in sHsp expression patterns in skeletal muscle. In cerebellum and cortex a temporary decrease of Hsp20 and HspB8 is observed directly after birth. The major impact of this study is that each tissue seems to have a unique profile of sHsp expression, which varies during development and may reflect the need of a particular tissue to maintain at all stages an optimal chaperoning machinery to protect against physiological stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Verschuure
- Department of Biochemistry, 161 Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Theriault JR, He H, Gong J, Calderwood SK. Expression of a Dominant Negative Heat Shock Factor-1 Construct Inhibits Aneuploidy in Prostate Carcinoma Cells*. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:32651-9. [PMID: 15152009 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401475200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated heat shock proteins (HSP) and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in tumor progression. We have examined the role of HSF1 in the malignant phenotype of PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. We have developed a dominant negative construct of HSF1 that antagonizes transcription from HSP promoters and results in the depletion of intracellular HSP 70. Our studies indicate that expression of DN-HSF1 dramatically alters the DNA content of PC-3 cells (derived from p53 null prostatic carcinoma) and inhibits aneuploidy in these cells. This effect is due to prolonged expression of DN-HSF1, and transient expression of the dominant negative factor from an inducible promoter failed to cause the effect. Inhibition of aneuploidy in p53 null PC-3 cells by DN-HSF1 expression was recapitulated by expression within the cells of wild type p53. Furthermore, cells expressing DN-HSF1 showed a profound inhibition in the development of aneuploidy when exposed to chemical agents that disrupt the mitotic spindle and prevent progression through metaphase. Inhibition of aneuploidy in PC-3 cells expressing DN-HSF1 was associated with delayed breakdown of cyclin B1 compared with controls, consistent with a role for wild type HSF1 in the regulation of cyclin B1 degradation, a key step in the control of mitosis. Our experiments therefore demonstrate that HSF1 plays a functional role in cancer cells under nonstress conditions and influences cell cycle behavior and progression through mitosis and promotes the development of the aneuploid state.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Division
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin B/metabolism
- Cyclin B1
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Demecolcine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Genes, Dominant
- Genes, Reporter
- Genes, p53
- Genetic Vectors
- HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins
- Heat Shock Transcription Factors
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Male
- Mitosis
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Ploidies
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Transcription Factors
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Wang
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Song H, Ethier SP, Dziubinski ML, Lin J. Stat3 modulates heat shock 27kDa protein expression in breast epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:143-50. [PMID: 14715258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is frequently detected in breast carcinoma cell lines but not in normal breast epithelial cells. Stat3 has been classified as an oncogene because activated Stat3 can mediate oncogenic transformation in cultured cells and tumor formation in nude mice. In this study, we investigated potential Stat3 regulated genes in breast cells. Upon expression of Stat3-C, a constitutively active Stat3 form, in nonmalignant telomerase immortalized breast cells (TERT), cell lysate was subjected to 2-dimensional (2-D) protein gel analysis. Our results showed that heat shock 27kDa protein (HSP27) was markedly induced by Stat3-C expression. Further analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of HSP27 at serine residue 78 was induced by Stat3-C in TERT breast cells as well as in MCF-10A and MDA-MB-453 breast cells. RT-PCR result confirmed that HSP27 mRNA was induced by Stat3-C in TERT cells. As the result of Stat3 knock-down by Stat3 short interfering RNA oligonucleotides in MDA-MB-468 human breast carcinoma cells, HSP27 was markedly reduced consistent with Stat3 reduction. Furthermore, we observed that Stat3 was physically associated with HSP27 and HSP90 in MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that constitutively activated Stat3 up-regulates HSP27 and may facilitate phosphorylation of HSP27 at serine residue 78. The up-regulation of HSP27 may be one of the underlying mechanisms with which aberrant Stat3 signaling induces cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0936, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu XD, Li CL, Lang ZW, Gao GF, Tien P. Significant correlation between expression level of HSP gp96 and progression of hepatitis B virus induced diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:1141-5. [PMID: 15069714 PMCID: PMC4656349 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i8.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: Gp96, also known as Grp94, is a member of heat shock protein (HSP) family and binds repertoires of peptides thereof eliciting peptide-specific T cell immune responses. It predominantly locates inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with some cell surface expression in certain cancerous cells. Previous studies have shown that gp96 expression level was up-regulated in tumor cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, relationship between the extent of gp96 expression and disease progression especially HBV-induced chronic infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, has not been addressed before. As primary HCC can be induced and progressed from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV-induced cirrhosis, we designed an immunohistochemical experiment to test the correlation between gp96 expression level and HBV-induced disease progression, from chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis to HCC.
METHODS: We chose liver samples from different patients of hepatitis B virus induced diseases, including chronic hepatitis B (77 patients), cirrhosis (27 patients) and primary HCC (30 patients), to test the expression level of gp96 in different affected groups. Formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded liver tissues taken from these patients were immuno-stained by using an anti-gp96 monoclonal antibody for the expression level of gp96 protein in the sections. In addition, Western blotting of whole cell lysates derived from established human embryonic liver cell lines and several human HCC cell lines (Huh7, HepG2, SSMC-7721) was compared with the expression of gp96.
RESULTS: We found that the extent of elevated gp96 expression was significantly correlated with the disease progression, and was the highest in HCC patients, lowest in chronic HBV infection and was that of the cirrhosis in the middle.
CONCLUSION: Increased expression of gp96 might be used as a diagnostic or prognostic bio-marker for the HBV infection and HBV-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pignatelli D, Ferreira J, Soares P, Costa MJ, Magalhães MC. Immunohistochemical study of heat shock proteins 27, 60 and 70 in the normal human adrenal and in adrenal tumors with suppressed ACTH production. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 61:315-23. [PMID: 12768547 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to protect cells against various aggressions and to assist in the correct folding of nascent proteins as well as in the recovery of denatured ones. HSP70 increases its levels in the cell in response to any stress and is induced by ACTH in the adrenal gland. HSP60 is located in the mitochondria and assists in the folding of mitochondrial peptides. HSP27 is the only small HSP that is stress-induced. HSP27 and HSP70 are known to protect cells against apoptosis while, on the contrary, HSP60 is proapoptotic, increasing caspases maturation. We studied the expression of these HSPs in human adrenal tissue both in the normal glands (12 cases) and in tumoral tissue from cortisol producing adrenal adenomas (6 cases). Besides being neoplastic, these cells live in a particular ambience of lack of ACTH due to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary ACTH secretion induced by the elevated levels of cortisol. HSP27 is highly expressed in the normal adrenal and shows a marked reduction of expression in Cushing's adrenal tissue. Although with overall lower levels of expression in the normal adrenal, HSP70 exhibited a similar pattern of reduction in tumoral tissue. HSP60, on the other hand, increased significantly and consistently in adrenal Cushing tumors. Besides the possible consequences of incorrect folding of nascent peptides, the alterations observed in tumoral tissue seem to act in an apoptotic direction. The only factor that we observed that could be contributing to these changes was the lack of plasma ACTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Pignatelli
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ciocca DR, Rozados VR, Cuello Carrión FD, Gervasoni SI, Matar P, Scharovsky OG. Hsp25 and Hsp70 in rodent tumors treated with doxorubicin and lovastatin. Cell Stress Chaperones 2003; 8:26-36. [PMID: 12820652 PMCID: PMC514851 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)8<26:hahirt>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and Hsp70 have been involved in resistance to anticancer drugs in human breast cancer cells growing in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we examined the expression of Hsp25 (the rodent homologue to human Hsp27) and Hsp70 in 3 different rodent tumors (a mouse breast carcinoma, a rat sarcoma, and a rat lymphoma maintained by subcutaneous passages) treated in vivo with doxorubicin (DOX) and lovastatin (LOV). All tumors showed massive cell death under control untreated conditions, and this massive death increased after cytotoxic drug administration. In this study, we show that this death was due to classic apoptosis. The tumors also showed isolated apoptotic cells between viable tumor cells, and this occurred more significantly in the lymphoma. The tumor type that was more resistant to cell death was the sarcoma, and this was found in sarcomas growing both under control conditions and after cytotoxic drug administration. Moreover, sarcomas showed the highest expression levels of Hsp25 in the viable tumor cells growing under untreated conditions, and these levels increased after DOX and LOV administration. After drug treatment, only sarcoma tumor cells showed a significant increase in Hsp70. In other words, sarcomas were the tumors with lower cell death, displayed a competent Hsp70 and Hsp25 response with nuclear translocation, and had the highest levels of Hsp25. In sarcomas, Hsp25 and Hsp70 were found in viable tumor cells located around the blood vessels, and these areas showed the most resistant tumor cell phenotype after chemotherapy. In addition, Hsp25 expression was found in endothelial cells as unique feature revealed only in lymphomas. In conclusion, our study shows that each tumor type has unique features regarding the expression of Hsp25 and Hsp70 and that these proteins seem to be implicated in drug resistance mainly in sarcomas, making these model systems important to perform more mechanistic studies on the role of Hsps in resistance to certain cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ciocca
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology, Regional Center for Scientific and Technological Research, CONICET, c.c. 855, (5500), Mendoza, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kappé G, Franck E, Verschuure P, Boelens WC, Leunissen JAM, de Jong WW. The human genome encodes 10 alpha-crystallin-related small heat shock proteins: HspB1-10. Cell Stress Chaperones 2003; 8:53-61. [PMID: 12820654 PMCID: PMC514853 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)8<53:thgecs>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain an inventory of all human genes that code for alpha-crystallin-related small heat shock proteins (sHsps), the databases available from the public International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC) and the private Celera human genome project were exhaustively searched. Using the human Hsp27 protein sequence as a query in the protein databases, which are derived from the predicted genes in the human genome, 10 sHsp-like proteins were retrieved, including Hsp27 itself. Repeating the search procedure with all 10 proteins and with a variety of more distantly related animal sHsps, no further human sHsps were detected, as was the case when searches were performed at deoxyribonucleic acid level. The 10 retrieved proteins comprised the 9 earlier recognized human sHsps (Hsp27/HspB1, HspB2, HspB3, alphaA-crystallin/HspB4, alphaB-crystallin/HspB5, Hsp20/HspB6, cvHsp/HspB7, H11/HspB8, and HspB9) and a sperm tail protein known since 1993 as outer dense fiber protein 1 (ODF1). Although this latter protein probably serves a structural role and has a high cysteine content (14%), it clearly contains an alpha-crystallin domain that is characteristic for sHsps. ODF1 can as such be designated as HspB10. The expression of all 10 human sHsp genes was confirmed by expressed sequence tag (EST) searches. For Hsp27/HspB1, 2 retropseudogenes were detected. The HspB1-10 genes are dispersed over 9 chromosomes, reflecting their ancient origin. Two of the genes (HspB3 and HspB9) are intronless, and the others have 1 or 2 introns at various positions. The transcripts of several sHsp genes, notably HspB7, display low levels of alternative splicing, as supported by EST evidence, which may result in minor amounts of isoforms at the protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kappé
- Department of Biochemistry, 161 NCMLS, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|