Therapeutic considerations in blood-brain barrier disturbances

Effects of barbiturates on hypoxic cultures of brain derived microvascular endothelial cells

An in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) consisting of porcine brain derived microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) seeded onto collagen-coated polycarbonate membranes was used to investigate the effects of the barbiturates, methohexital and thiopental, on permeability properties of the endothelial cell monolayer under hypoxia. The permeability of cultured BMEC to ions and sucrose increased significantly during 6 h of hypoxia in a reversible manner. Cells were resistant to hypoxia for up to 24 h, but 48 h resulted in marked damage as assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase activity into the culture medium. The hypoxia-induced increase of the permeability was unchanged in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Methohexital and thiopental decreased the hypoxia-induced permeability increase in a concentration-dependent manner and permeability changes were abolished completely at the barbiturate concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. The barbiturates had no effect on the intracellular cAMP content which started to decline after 3 h of hypoxia. Results suggest that barbiturates at high concentrations might be able to prevent permeability changes of the BBB during cerebral ischemia.