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Happl B, Brandt M, Balber T, Benčurová K, Talip Z, Voegele A, Heffeter P, Kandioller W, Van der Meulen NP, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Keppler BK, Mindt TL. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Radiolabeled [ 103Ru]BOLD-100. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2626. [PMID: 38004604 PMCID: PMC10674160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-in-class ruthenium-based chemotherapeutic agent BOLD-100 (formerly IT-139, NKP-1339, KP1339) is currently the subject of clinical evaluation for the treatment of gastric, pancreatic, colorectal and bile duct cancer. A radiolabeled version of the compound could present a helpful diagnostic tool. Thus, this study investigated the pharmacokinetics of BOLD-100 in more detail to facilitate the stratification of patients for the therapy. The synthesis of [103Ru]BOLD-100, radiolabeled with carrier added (c.a.) ruthenium-103, was established and the product was characterized by HPLC and UV/Vis spectroscopy. In order to compare the radiolabeled and non-radioactive versions of BOLD-100, both complexes were fully evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined in two colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT116 and CT26) and biodistribution studies were performed in Balb/c mice bearing CT26 allografts over a time period of 72 h post injection (p.i.). We report herein preclinical cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic data for BOLD-100, which were found to be identical to those of its radiolabeled analog [103Ru]BOLD-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Happl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria (M.M.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Brandt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria (M.M.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Balber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria (M.M.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarína Benčurová
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria (M.M.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Voegele
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas P. Van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria (M.M.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria (M.M.)
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Orlov AP, Trofimova TP, Orlova MA. Transition metals, their organic complexes, and radionuclides promising for medical use. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Challenges and opportunities in the development of metal-based anticancer theranostic agents. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231168. [PMID: 35420649 PMCID: PMC9109461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 10 million fatalities were recorded worldwide in 2020 due to cancer and statistical projections estimate the number to increase by 60% in 2040. With such a substantial rise in the global cancer burden, the disease will continue to impose a huge socio-economic burden on society. Currently, the most widely used clinical treatment modality is cytotoxic chemotherapy using platinum drugs which is used to treat variety of cancers. Despite its clinical success, critical challenges like resistance, off-target side effects and cancer variability often reduce its overall therapeutic efficiency. These challenges require faster diagnosis, simultaneous therapy and a more personalized approach toward cancer management. To this end, small-molecule ‘theranostic’ agents have presented a viable solution combining diagnosis and therapy into a single platform. In this review, we present a summary of recent efforts in the design and optimization of metal-based small-molecule ‘theranostic’ anticancer agents. Importantly, we highlight the advantages of a theranostic candidate over the purely therapeutic or diagnostic agent in terms of evaluation of its biological properties.
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A new method for separation of 97Ru from irradiated by α-particles molybdenum for nuclear medicine. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tian Z, Li J, Zhang S, Xu Z, Yang Y, Kong D, Zhang H, Ge X, Zhang J, Liu Z. Lysosome-Targeted Chemotherapeutics: Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes That Are Selectively Toxic to Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10498-10502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Deliang Kong
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Junming Zhang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Li J, Tian M, Tian Z, Zhang S, Yan C, Shao C, Liu Z. Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) and Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing P^P-Chelating Ligands: A New Class of Potent Anticancer Agents with Unusual Redox Features. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1705-1716. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JuanJuan Li
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development
and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of
Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development
and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of
Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development
and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of
Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development
and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of
Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development
and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of
Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Changfang Shao
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development
and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of
Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development
and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of
Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Alessio E. Thirty Years of the Drug Candidate NAMI-A and the Myths in the Field of Ruthenium Anticancer Compounds: A Personal Perspective. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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Cooperative interaction between metallosurfactants, derived from the [Ru(2,2'-bpy)3](2+) complex, and DNA. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:817-824. [PMID: 26344065 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the idea of improving and advancing the design and preparation of new reagents based on cationic surfactants for gene therapy, two luminescent metallosurfactants derived from the [Ru(2,2'-bpy)3](2+) complex were synthesized. Their interaction with DNA and the effect they exert on the conformation of the polynucleotide were studied by using different techniques. The equilibrium binding constants, Kb, of the two surfactants to DNA were obtained at different molar ratios X=[surfactant]/[DNA]. The observed sigmoidal dependence of Kb on X confirms the cooperative character of the binding. After the addition of a determined surfactant concentration, the condensation of the polymer was observed. The amount of surfactant needed to produce this conformational change is lower for the double stranded surfactant than for the single chain surfactant due to a stronger hydrophobic interaction. The addition of α-cyclodextrin molecules to the metallosurfactant/DNA solutions results in polynucleotide decompaction, which confirms the importance of the hydrophobic interactions in the condensation of the polynucleotide. Results also show the importance of choosing both a proper system to study and the most seeming measuring technique to use. It is demonstrated that, in some cases, the use of several techniques is desirable to obtain reliable and accurate results.
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Trondl R, Heffeter P, Kowol CR, Jakupec MA, Berger W, Keppler BK. NKP-1339, the first ruthenium-based anticancer drug on the edge to clinical application. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Scolaro C, Geldbach TJ, Rochat S, Dorcier A, Gossens C, Bergamo A, Cocchietto M, Tavernelli I, Sava G, Rothlisberger U, Dyson PJ. Influence of Hydrogen-Bonding Substituents on the Cytotoxicity of RAPTA Compounds. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om0508841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Scolaro
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tilmann J. Geldbach
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sébastien Rochat
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antoine Dorcier
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Gossens
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberta Bergamo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Moreno Cocchietto
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivano Tavernelli
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Sava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 7-9, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Rademaker-Lakhai JM, van den Bongard D, Pluim D, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. A Phase I and pharmacological study with imidazolium-trans-DMSO-imidazole-tetrachlororuthenate, a novel ruthenium anticancer agent. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:3717-27. [PMID: 15173078 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 697] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE NAMI-A [H(2)Im[trans-RuCl(4)(DMSO)HIm] or imidazolium-trans-DMSO-imidazole-tetrachlororuthenate] is a novel ruthenium-containing compound that has demonstrated antimetastatic activity in preclinical studies. This Phase I study was designed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), profile of adverse events, and dose-limiting toxicity of NAMI-A in patients with solid tumors. Furthermore, the ruthenium pharmacokinetics (PK) after NAMI-A administration and preliminary antitumor activity were evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients with solid tumors received NAMI-A as an i.v. infusion over 3 h daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. PK of total and unbound ruthenium was determined during the first and second treatment using noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The total accumulation of ruthenium in WBCs was also quantified. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were treated at 12 dose levels (2.4-500 mg/m(2)/day). At 400 mg/m(2)/day, blisters developed on the hands, fingers, and toes. At 500 mg/m(2)/day, blisters persisted from weeks to months and slowly regressed. Although no formal common toxicity criteria (CTC) grade 3 developed, painful blister formation was considered dose limiting. Because the first signs developed at 400 mg/m(2)/day, the advised dose for further testing of NAMI-A was determined to be 300 mg/m(2)/day on this schedule. PK analysis revealed a linear relationship between dose and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of total and unbound ruthenium (R(2) = 0.75 and 0.96, respectively) over the whole dose range. Plasma clearance of total ruthenium was 0.17 +/- 0.09 liter/h, and terminal half-life was 50 +/- 19 h. The volume of distribution at steady state of total ruthenium was 10.1 +/- 2.8 liters. The accumulation of ruthenium in WBC was not directly proportional to the increasing total exposure to ruthenium. One patient with pretreated and progressive nonsmall cell lung cancer had stable disease for 21 weeks. CONCLUSION NAMI-A can be administered safely as a 3-h i.v. infusion at a dose of 300 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days, every 3 weeks.
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Clarke MJ, Zhu F, Frasca DR. Non-platinum chemotherapeutic metallopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2511-34. [PMID: 11749489 DOI: 10.1021/cr9804238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Clarke
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
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