Micropropagation of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

NAA-Induced Direct Organogenesis from Female Immature Inflorescence Explants of Date Palm

Micropropagation has great potential for the multiplication of female and male date palms of commercially grown cultivars by using inflorescences. This approach is simple, convenient, and much faster than the conventional method of using shoot-tip explants. We describe here a stepwise micropropagation procedure using inflorescence explants of Iraqi date palm cultivar Maktoom. Cultured explants were derived from 0.5-cm-long spike segments excised from 8 to 10-cm-long spathes. About 70% formed adventitious buds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 4 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 40 g/L sucrose and maintained in the dark for 16 weeks before transferring to normal light conditions. The best multiplication rate was achieved with 3 mg/L 2ip and 2 mg/L; for shoot elongation, the best medium is MS containing 0.5 mg/L BAP, 0.5 mg/L 2ip, and 1 mg/L GA₃. Well-developed shoots were cultured for rooting in half MS medium amended with 1 mg/L NAA and 45 g/L sucrose. Plantlets with well-developed roots were successfully hardened in the greenhouse. Inflorescence explants proved to be a promising alternative explant source for micropropagation of date palm cultivars.