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Asai D, Tahara K. Synthesis and Reactivity of an X-Shaped Molecule: Reversible Formation and Cleavage of a Four-Membered Ring in Response to External Stimuli. Org Lett 2024; 26:4898-4903. [PMID: 38836760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis and reactivity of an X-shaped molecule featuring three four-membered rings (4MRs) arranged in a ladder configuration. This molecule exhibits a reversible opening and closure of the central 4MR upon exposure to light irradiation and thermal treatment. The central 4MR of this molecule is also cleaved via electrochemical and chemical reductions. The stimuli-responsiveness of the X-shaped molecule is attributed to the small energy gap difference between its open and closed states, stemming from the antiaromatic character of its precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Asai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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2
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Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y, Takata M, Nishida JI, Fukushima T. 9,9'-Bi(xanthene)-Type Hexaphenylethane Derivatives as Advanced Organic Electrochromic Systems. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Wojcik L, Michaud F, Gauthier S, Cabon N, Le Poul P, Gloaguen F, Le Poul N. Reversible Redox Switching of Chromophoric Phenylmethylenepyrans by Carbon-Carbon Bond Making/Breaking. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12395-12405. [PMID: 29058426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic organic systems that can undergo substantial variation of their optical properties upon electron stimulus are of high interest for the development of functional materials. In particular, devices based on radical dimerization are appropriate because of the effectiveness and speed of carbon-carbon bond making/breaking. Phenylmethylenepyrans are organic chromophores which are well suited for such purposes since their oxidation leads to the reversible formation of bispyrylium species by radical dimerization. In this paper, we show that the redox and spectroscopic properties of phenylmethylenepyrans can be modulated by adequate variation of the substituting group on the para position of the phenyl moiety, as supported by DFT calculations. This redox switching is reversible over several cycles and is accompanied by a significant modification of the UV-vis spectrum of the chromophore, as shown by time-resolved spectroelectrochemistry in thin-layer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Wojcik
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest 29238 Cedex, France
| | - François Michaud
- Service PIMM-DRX, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest29238 Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- IUT de Lannion, CNRS UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 , Rue Edouard Branly, 22300 Lannion, France
| | - Nolwenn Cabon
- IUT de Lannion, CNRS UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 , Rue Edouard Branly, 22300 Lannion, France
| | - Pascal Le Poul
- IUT de Lannion, CNRS UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 , Rue Edouard Branly, 22300 Lannion, France
| | - Frederic Gloaguen
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest 29238 Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Laboratoire CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest 29238 Cedex, France
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4
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Ohta E, Uehara H, Han Y, Wada K, Noguchi H, Katoono R, Ishigaki Y, Ikeda H, Uosaki K, Suzuki T. Organic Molecular Layer with High Electrochemical Bistability: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Dynamic Redox System with Lipoate Units for Binding to Au(111). Chempluschem 2017; 82:1043-1047. [PMID: 31961615 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biphenyl-2,2'-diylbis(10-methyl-9-methyleneacridan)-type electron donor 1, which has two tethered cyclic disulfide units at the 6,6'-positions, was designed and synthesized as the first member of a dynamic redox (dyrex) system that can form molecular layers on a Au(111) electrode. Upon the two-electron (2 e) oxidation of 1, the persistent dicationic dye 22+ was generated with the formation of a new C-C bond, which is reversibly cleaved upon 2 e reduction to regenerate 1 (dyrex behavior). Similar dyrex interconversion occurs in the molecular layer of 1 on gold. The chemical identities of 1/Au and electrochemically generated 22+ /Au were unambiguously determined by in situ IR spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was conducted under electrochemical conditions to examine the surface structure of 1 adsorbed on a Au(111) electrode. Although no long-range-ordered morphology was found in the STM image of 1, an in situ STM study of the potential-induced dyrex reaction of 1 to 22+ showed that the grained spots in the image became slightly brighter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Uehara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Research Development Section, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Wada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), International Center for Materials Nanoarchtectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hidenori Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), International Center for Materials Nanoarchtectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.,NIMS, Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanornaterials (GREEN), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Uosaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), International Center for Materials Nanoarchtectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.,NIMS, Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanornaterials (GREEN), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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Ishigaki Y, Kawai H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Higuchi H, Kikuchi H, Suzuki T. Bis(diarylethenyl)-thiophenes, -bithiophenes, and -terthiophenes: a new series of electrochromic systems that exhibit a fluorescence response. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2,5-Bis(diarylethenyl)thiophenes (1) and their bithiophene (2) and terthiophene (3) homologues were designed as a new series of violene/cyanine-hybrid-type electrochromic materials. Alkoxyphenyl and dialkylaminophenyl groups are used as the aryl group in the cyanine parts of 1/2/3O and 1/2/3N, respectively, which emit fluorescence in the neutral state but not in the oxidized state. Voltammetric analyses of 18 newly prepared electron donors show that they all undergo two reversible one-electron oxidations. Redox potentials, UV–vis spectral features, and fluorescence quantum yields are important parameters for characterizing the present electrochromic behavior with a fluorescence response, and can be finely tuned by changing aryl groups in the cyanine part, the number of thiophene rings in the violene part, and the alkyl-chain length of the alkoxyphenyl or diaklylaminophenyl groups (R = CH3, C8H17, C16H33), which makes this a versatile platform for the design of novel electrochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kikuchi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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6
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Tamaoki H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Assembly of an Axially Chiral Dynamic Redox System with a Perfluorobiphenyl Skeleton into Dumbbell- or Tripod-type Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2582-6. [PMID: 26748461 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of F atoms endows a diethenylbiphenyl-based electron donor with configurational stability and SN Ar reactivity. The former enables the dynamic redox pair of (Rax)-1/(Rax ,R,R)-1(2+) to exhibit drastic UV/Vis and CD spectral changes upon electrolysis, whereas the latter makes it possible for (Rax)-1 to serve as a useful chiral synthon for the production of larger assemblies [(Rax ,Rax)-2 d,p,m and (Rax ,Rax ,Rax)-3] containing two or three dyrex units. These dyads and triad also exhibit a clean electrochiroptical response with isosbestic points owing to one-wave multi-electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Tamaoki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, 010-8052, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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7
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Tamaoki H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Assembly of an Axially Chiral Dynamic Redox System with a Perfluorobiphenyl Skeleton into Dumbbell- or Tripod-type Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Tamaoki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Faculty of Engineering Science; Akita University; Akita 010-8052 Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
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8
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Suzuki T, Sakano Y, Iwai T, Iwashita S, Miura Y, Katoono R, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Tsuji Y, Fukushima T. 7,7,8,8-Tetraaryl-o-quinodimethane Stabilized by Dibenzo Annulation: A Helical π-Electron System That Exhibits Electrochromic and Unique Chiroptical Properties. Chemistry 2012; 19:117-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y, Iwai T, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Ikeda H, Kano Y, Mizuno K. Multi-Input/Multi-Output Molecular Response System Based on the Dynamic Redox Behavior of 3,3,4,4-Tetraaryldihydro[5]helicene Derivatives: Reversible Formation/Destruction of Chiral Fluorophore and Modulation of Chiroptical Properties by Solvent Polarity. Chemistry 2009; 15:9434-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Ba F, Cabon N, Robin-Le Guen F, Le Poul P, Le Poul N, Le Mest Y, Golhen S, Caro B. Diferrocenylbispyrylium Salts and Electron-Rich Diferrocenylbispyran from Oxidative Coupling of Ferrocenylpyran. Induced Electron Transfer C−C Bond Making/Breaking Involving a Metallocenyl Radical Intermediate. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800638q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Ba
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nolwenn Cabon
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Françoise Robin-Le Guen
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Pascal Le Poul
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Yves Le Mest
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Stéphane Golhen
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Bertrand Caro
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
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Kawai H, Takeda T, Fujiwara K, Wakeshima M, Hinatsu Y, Suzuki T. Ultralong carbon-carbon bonds in dispirobis(10-methylacridan) derivatives with an acenaphthene, pyracene, or dihydropyracylene skeleton. Chemistry 2008; 14:5780-93. [PMID: 18478615 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200702028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acenapthalene, pyracene, and dihydropyracylene attached to two units of spiroacridan are a novel class of hexaphenylethane (HPE) derivatives that have an ultralong Csp3-Csp3 bond (1.77-1.70 A). These sterically challenged molecules were cleanly prepared by C-C bond formation through two-electron reduction from the less-hindered dications. These ultralong bonds were realized based on several molecular-design concepts including enhanced "front strain" through "multiclamping" by means of fusing or bridging aryl groups in the HPE molecule. The lengths of these ultralong bonds and their relation to the conformation (torsional angle) were also validated by means of theoretical calculations. Bond-fission experiments revealed that the bonds are more easily cleaved than standard covalent bonds to produce the corresponding dication upon oxidation with an increase in the length of the C-C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810 (Japan).
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Suzuki T, Tanaka S, Kawai H, Fujiwara K. Multi-input–Multi-output Molecular Response System Based on Dynamic Redox Behavior of Hexaphenylethane-type Electron Donors with the Tetrahydrophenanthrazepine Skeleton: Strong Chiroptical Signals through the Transmission of Point Chirality to Helicity. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:171-7. [PMID: 17441151 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title heterocyclic donors undergo reversible C-C bond formation/cleavage upon electron transfer (dynamic redox behavior). The helical sense in both neutral and cationic states is interconvertible by facile ring flipping. The pi-type asymmetric center on the azepine nitrogen atom induces a significant degree of diasteromeric preference, thus endowing strong CD activity based on exciton coupling. Chiroptical properties could be modified not only by redox reactions but also by heat and protonation. The present redox pairs can serve as unprecedented three-way-input (e, H+, delta) and two-way-output (UV/Vis, CD) response systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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13
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Ohta A, Ueki C, Uchiyama Y, Fujimori K. Synthesis and Properties of Novel Bis(1,3-benzodithiolium)-Type Dications Containing a Biaryl Unit: New Redox Systems Undergoing Reversible Structural Changes by Electron Transfer. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(o)45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Suzuki T, Migita A, Higuchi H, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Tsuji T. A novel redox switch for fluorescence: drastic UV–vis and fluorescence spectral changes upon electrolysis of a hexaphenylethane derivative of 10,10′-dimethylbiacridan. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Higuchi H, Ohta E, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Tsuji T, Suzuki T. Electrochiroptical response of 2,2'-(2,2-diarylethenyl)binaphthyl-type electron donors that undergo reversible C-C bond formation/breaking upon two-electron transfer. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6605-10. [PMID: 12919023 DOI: 10.1021/jo0345289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-[2,2-Bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethenyl]biphenyl (1) is a strong electron donor that undergoes oxidative C-C bond formation to give a stable dication rac-2(2+), the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivative substituted with two bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methylium chromophores. This dication salt regenerates the starting diolefin 1 by reductive C-C bond breaking, thus realizing a new electrochromic system with high electrochemical bistability and a vivid change in color from yellow to deep blue. Similarly, the binaphthylic diolefin rac-3 and the helicene-type dication rac-4(2+) are interconvertible upon two-electron transfer. Both the UV-vis and CD spectra changed drastically upon electrochemical transformation between optically pure 3 and 4(2+), which represents a new electrochiroptical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Higuchi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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