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Shan Y, Zhou XS, Cai XM, Luo ZX, Li ZQ, Xiu CL, Chen ZM, Bian L. Mating and post-copulation behavior in the tea leafhopper, Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1273718. [PMID: 37860253 PMCID: PMC10583563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The tea leafhopper, Empoasca onukii, relies on substrate-borne vibrations for sexual communication and is mainly controlled with chemical pesticides, which poses risks to the environment and food safety. Based on previous studies, we conducted a series of behavioral assays by simultaneous observation of vibration signals and movement to investigate the mating and post-copulation behavior of tea leafhoppers. During mating, the activity of E. onukii was restricted to dawn and dusk and concentrated on the sixth or seventh mature leaf below the tea bud. By comparing the time spent in locating females among different males, the timely reply of females was the key factor affecting mating success. Empoasca onukii females mated only once in their lives, while males could mate multiple times. Male rivalry behavior involved two distinct strategies. The rivals could send disruptive pulses to overlap the male calling signals, locate the courting males, and drive them away after contact. Some rivals could emit mating disruption signals (MDSs) to interrupt the ongoing identification duet and establish their own mating communication. Both identification and location duets could be interrupted by playback of MDSs, which is essential to create effective synthetic signals to disrupt mating communication of E. onukii. Our study clarified the spatial and temporal distribution of E. onukii in mating and the function of MDSs, which will be essential to develop future vibrational mating disruption techniques for E. onukii and its energy-efficient application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Sen Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Xiu Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Qun Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Li Xiu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Mao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Polajnar J, Kuhelj A, Janža R, Žnidaršič N, Simčič T, Virant-Doberlet M. Leafhopper males compensate for unclear directional cues in vibration-mediated mate localization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8879. [PMID: 37264041 PMCID: PMC10235090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient noise and transmission properties of the substrate pose challenges in vibrational signal-mediated mating behavior of arthropods, because vibrational signal production is energetically demanding. We explored implications of these challenges in the leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) by exposing males to various kinds of vibrational noise on a natural substrate and challenging them to find the source of the female playback. Contrary to expectations, males exposed to noise were at least as efficient as control males on account of similar searching success with less signaling effort, while playing back male-female duets allowed the males to switch to satellite behavior and locate the target without signaling, as expected. We found altered mitochondrial structure in males with high signaling effort that likely indicate early damaging processes at the cellular level in tymbal muscle, but no relation between biochemical markers of oxidative stress and signaling effort. Analysis of signal transmission revealed ambiguous amplitude gradients, which might explain relatively low searching success, but it also indicates the existence of behavioral adaptations to complex vibrational environments. We conclude that the observed searching tactic, emphasizing speed rather than thorough evaluation of directional cues, may compensate for unclear stimuli when the target is near.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Polajnar
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anka Kuhelj
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Janža
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Simčič
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Meta Virant-Doberlet
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Avosani S, Ciolli M, Verrastro V, Mazzoni V. Application of vibrational signals to study and manipulate an insect vector: the case of Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4061-4071. [PMID: 35647732 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrational stimuli can support pest management as they provide environmentally friendly methods to manipulate insect pest behaviors. Different vibrational stimuli were used to study and influence the behavior of the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius, the European vector of Xylella fastidiosa. In playback experiments, we tested the reactions of the spittlebug toward the male calling signals (test 1) and the male-male signal (test 2). In test 3, we evaluated the use of conspecific signals and noises to repel insects/disrupt mating. RESULTS Test 1 provided new insights regarding the role of the male calling signal in intraspecific communication, in particular that this signal likely does not underlie aggregation or aggression toward conspecifics. Test 2 demonstrated that the male-male signal is used by males to express distress when physically interacting, whilst, when played back into a host plant, it has not any repellent effect on the spittlebug. Test 3A suggested that males exploit short silence gaps to localize the signaling partner, while test 3B showed that a continuous noise with a specific frequency range successfully disrupt mating, as only one male out of 20 localized the female on the plant. CONCLUSION Playbacks obtained from prerecorded P. spumarius' signals were successfully used to accomplish ethological studies; even so, this approach did not show a real potential to be used as a control strategy. However, noises designed to mask the spittlebug signals significantly disrupted species mating and could integrate other techniques aimed at reducing the spread of X. fastidiosa after appropriate implementation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Avosani
- Organic department, International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies - Institute of Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano, Italy
| | - Marco Ciolli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- C3A, Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verrastro
- Organic department, International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies - Institute of Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano, Italy
| | - Valerio Mazzoni
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Abstract
Effective communication is essential in animal life to allow fundamental behavioral processes and survival. Communicating by surface-borne vibrations is likely the most ancient mode of getting and exchanging information in both invertebrates and vertebrates. In this review, we concentrate on the use of vibrational communication in arthropods as a form of intraspecific and interspecific signaling, with a focus on the newest discoveries from our research group in terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea), a taxon never investigated before in this context. After getting little attention in the past, biotremology is now an emerging field of study in animal communication, and it is receiving increased interest from the scientific community dealing with these behavioral processes. In what follows, we illustrate the general principles and mechanisms on which biotremology is based, using definitions, examples, and insights from the literature in arthropods. Vibrational communication in arthropods has mainly been studied in insects and arachnids. For these taxa, much evidence of its use as a source of information from the surrounding environment exists, as well as its involvement in many behavioral roles, such as courtship and mating, conspecific recognition, competition, foraging, parental care, and danger perception. Recently, and for the first time, communication through surface-borne waves has been studied in terrestrial isopods, using a common Mediterranean species of the Armadillidae family as a pilot species, Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816. Mainly, for this species, we describe typical behavioral processes, such as turn alternation, aggregation, and stridulation, where vibrational communication appears to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cividini
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L693BX, UK.
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Ge J, Wei J, Zhang D, Hu C, Zheng D, Kang L. Pea leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) uses vibrational duets for efficient sexual communication. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:510-522. [PMID: 29676516 PMCID: PMC7379950 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is a notorious pest of vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide. Despite a large number of studies on its biology and ecology, the courtship behavior and sexual communication of this species remain unclear. Here, we studied vibrational communication in the sexual interaction of the pea leafminer. On host plant leaves, females and males behaviorally displayed the bobbing-quivering alternation, which finally led to copulation. Moreover, records of laser vibrometry revealed three-signal duets underlying the behavioral alternation. Sexually mature males spontaneously emitted calls (MCs) to initiate the duets. The females rapidly responded to MCs by emitting replies (FRs) that are longer in duration. The FRs further triggered male replies (MRs) in their search for potential partners. Leafminer-produced vibrational signals convey efficient information to partners and generate pair formation on stretched substrates, such as plant leaves and nylon mesh, but cannot elicit responses on dense substrates, such as glass and plastic. Vibrational playbacks of both MCs and FRs can elicit replies in females and males, respectively. This study completely characterizes substrate-borne vibrational duets in a dipteran insect. The discovery of vibrational sex signals in the pea leafminer provides new insights for the development of novel approaches to control the pest and its relative species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Ning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ding‐Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chun Hu
- School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - De‐Zhi Zheng
- School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Chen X, Zhang MQ, Wang XQ, Guo JS, Li DT, Xue J, Pan WD, Zhang CX. The flightin gene is necessary for the emission of vibrational signals in the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stǻl). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 112:101-108. [PMID: 30391512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In duet-based courtship, species- and sex-specific vibrational signals enable animals to identify the species and sex of the singer and also provide the necessary information with which to locate a partner. Substrate-borne communication has been described in a wide variety of insects. Here, we focus on the gene necessary for the emission of male vibrational signals and whether the male song fulfills such a functional role in the mating system of the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). We generated mute BPH adult males via RNA interference (RNAi) of the flightin gene, which encodes a myosin-binding protein expressed exclusively in the dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM) in the basal two abdominal segments used for driving the vibration of the male-specific tymbal structure in short-winged (brachypterous) BPH adults. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed that flightin knockdown disrupted the normal sarcomere structure of the abdominal DLM. No courtship song could be detected in the brachypterous males after RNAi treatment. Behavior and competition trials showed that the lack of male courtship songs prolonged copulation latency and even caused female rejection. Unexpectedly, the mute males exhibited greater competitiveness when competing against normal males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Qiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Guo
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Dong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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On the spot: utilization of directional cues in vibrational communication of a stink bug. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5418. [PMID: 29615688 PMCID: PMC5882921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vibrational signalling is among the most ancient and common forms of communication, many fundamental aspects of this communication channel are still poorly understood. Here, we studied mechanisms underlying orientation towards the source of vibrational signals in the stink bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), where female vibrational song enables male to locate her on the bean plant. At the junction between the main stem and the leaf stalks, male placed his legs on different sides of the branching and orientation at the branching point was not random. Analyses of signal transmission revealed that only a time delay between the arrival of vibrational wave to receptors located in the legs stretched across the branching was a reliable directional cue underlying orientation, since, unexpectedly, the signal amplitude at the branching point was often higher on the stalk away from the female. The plant and the position of the vibrational source on the plant were the most important factors influencing the unpredictability of the amplitude cue. Determined time delays as short as 0.5 ms resulted in marked changes in interneuron activity and the decision model suggests that the behavioural threshold is in the range between 0.3 and 0.5 ms.
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Mazzoni V, Gordon SD, Nieri R, Krugner R. Design of a candidate vibrational signal for mating disruption against the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2328-2333. [PMID: 28523722 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis, is an important pest of grapevines due to its ability to transmit Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease. GWSS mating communication is based on vibrational signals; therefore, vibrational mating disruption could be an alternative to insecticides for suppression of the GWSS population. Our objectives were to identify spectral features of the female signal that elicit male signaling, design disruptive signals able to alter male perception and acceptance of a female, and determine the signal intensity required for future field applications. RESULTS Male responses to playback of modified female signals were significantly reduced by 60-75% when part of the female signal spectral components above or below 400 Hz were deleted. Playback bioassays showed that transmission of an 80 Hz pure frequency tone to plants completely suppressed male signaling to female signal playback, even if the disruptive signal amplitude was 10 dB lower than the female signal playback. CONCLUSION Although the mechanism underlying cessation of male signaling activity in the presence of disruption is not yet understood, results suggest that an 80 Hz vibrational signal should be tested in laboratory and field experiments to assess its efficacy in disrupting mating of GWSS. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Mazzoni
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, (TN), Italy
| | - Shira D Gordon
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Rachele Nieri
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, (TN), Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - Rodrigo Krugner
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
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Lujo S, Hartman E, Norton K, Pregmon EA, Rohde BB, Mankin RW. Disrupting Mating Behavior of Diaphorina citri (Liviidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2373-2379. [PMID: 27707945 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe economic damage from citrus greening disease, caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' bacteria, has stimulated development of methods to reduce mating and reproduction in populations of its insect vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Male D. citri find mating partners by walking on host plants, intermittently producing vibrational calls that stimulate duetting replies by receptive females. The replies provide orientational feedback, assisting the search process. To test a hypothesis that D. citri mating can be disrupted using vibrational signals that compete with and/or mask female replies, courtship bioassays were conducted in citrus trees with or without interference from female reply mimics produced by a vibrating buzzer. Statistically significant reductions occurred in the rates and proportions of mating when the buzzer produced reply mimics within 0.4 s after male courtship calls compared with undisturbed controls. Observations of courtship behaviors in the two bioassays revealed activity patterns that likely contributed to the reductions. In both disruption and control tests, males reciprocated frequently between structural bifurcations and other transition points where signal amplitudes changed. Males in the disruption bioassay had to select among vibrational signals combined from the buzzer and the female at each transition point. They often turned towards the buzzer instead of the female. There was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of males mating if they contacted the buzzer, possibly due to its higher vibration amplitude and duration in comparison with female replies. Potential applications of D. citri mating disruption technology in citrus groves are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lujo
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608 (; ; ;
| | - E Hartman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608 (; ; ;
| | - K Norton
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608 (; ; ;
| | - E A Pregmon
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608 (; ; ;
| | - B B Rohde
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 32611,
| | - R W Mankin
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608 (; ; ;
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Sweger AL, Uetz GW. Characterizing the vibratory and acoustic signals of the “purring” wolf spider, Gladicosa gulosa (Araneae: Lycosidae). BIOACOUSTICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2016.1160328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Sweger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George W. Uetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Polajnar J, Eriksson A, Lucchi A, Anfora G, Virant-Doberlet M, Mazzoni V. Manipulating behaviour with substrate-borne vibrations--potential for insect pest control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:15-23. [PMID: 24962656 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the potential use of substrate-borne vibrations for the purpose of achieving insect pest control in the context of integrated pest management. Although the importance of mechanical vibrations in the life of insects has been fairly well established, the effect of substrate-borne vibrations has historically been understudied, in contrast to sound sensu stricto. Consequently, the idea of using substrate-borne vibrations for pest control is still in its infancy. This review therefore focuses on the theoretical background, using it to highlight potential applications in a field environment, and lists the few preliminary studies that have been or are being performed. Conceptual similarities to the use of sound, as well as limitations inherent in this approach, are also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Polajnar
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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