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Mesén-Porras S, Rojas-Céspedes A, Molina-Mora JA, Vega-Baudrit J, Siles F, Quiros S, Mora-Rodríguez R. Sphingolipid-Based Synergistic Interactions to Enhance Chemosensitivity in Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2588. [PMID: 37998323 PMCID: PMC10670127 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity leads to drug resistance in cancer treatment with the crucial role of sphingolipids in cell fate and stress signaling. We analyzed sphingolipid metabolism and autophagic flux to study chemotherapeutic interactions on the A549 lung cancer model. Loaded cells with fluorescent sphingomyelin analog (BODIPY) and mCherry-EGFP-LC3B were used to track autophagic flux and assess cytotoxicity when cells are exposed to chemotherapy (epirubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel) together with sphingolipid pathway inhibitors and autophagy modulators. Our cell model approach employed fluorescent sphingolipid biosensors and a Gaussian Mixture Model of cell heterogeneity profiles to map the influence of chemotherapy on the sphingolipid pathway and infer potential synergistic interactions. Results showed significant synergy, especially when combining epirubicin with autophagy inducers (rapamycin and Torin), reducing cell viability. Cisplatin also synergized with a ceramidase inhibitor. However, paclitaxel often led to antagonistic effects. Our mapping model suggests that combining chemotherapies with autophagy inducers increases vesicle formation, possibly linked to ceramide accumulation, triggering cell death. However, the in silico model proposed ceramide accumulation in autophagosomes, and kinetic analysis provided evidence of sphingolipid colocalization in autophagosomes. Further research is needed to identify specific sphingolipids accumulating in autophagosomes. These findings offer insights into potential strategies for overcoming chemotherapy resistance by targeting the sphingolipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mesén-Porras
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
- Master Program in Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center of High Technology (CeNAT), Pavas, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
| | - Andrea Rojas-Céspedes
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
| | - José Arturo Molina-Mora
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
| | - José Vega-Baudrit
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), National Center of High Technology (CeNAT), Pavas, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
| | - Francisco Siles
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
- Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems Laboratory (PRIS-Lab), Department and Postgraduate Studies in Electrical Engineering, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Steve Quiros
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Rodrigo Mora-Rodríguez
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; (S.M.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.A.M.-M.); (S.Q.)
- Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Campus Rodrigo Facio, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
- Master Program in Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
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2
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Ghoula M, Le Marec A, Magnan C, Le Stunff H, Taboureau O. Identification of the Interactions Interference Between the PH and START Domain of CERT by Limonoid and HPA Inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:603983. [PMID: 33330630 PMCID: PMC7729066 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.603983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi domain ceramide transfer protein (CERT) which contains the domains START and PH, is a protein that allows the transport of ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and so it plays a major role in sphingolipid metabolism. Recently, the crystal structure of the PH-START complex has been released, suggesting an inhibitory action of START to the binding of the PH domain to the Golgi apparatus and thus limiting the CERT activity. Our study presents a combination of docking and molecular dynamic simulations of N-(3-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl)alkanamides (HPA) analogs and limonoids compounds known to inhibit CERT. Through our computational study, we compared the binding affinity of 14 ligands at both domains (START and PH) and also at the START-PH interface, including several mutations known to play a role in the CERT’s activity. At the difference of HPA compounds, limonoids have a stronger binding affinity for the START-PH interface. Furthermore, 2 inhibitors (HPA-12 and isogedunin) were investigated through molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. 50 ns of molecular dynamic simulations have displayed the stability of isogedunin as well as keys residues in the binding of this molecule at the interface of the PH-START complex. Therefore, this study suggests a novel inhibitory mechanism of CERT for limonoid compounds involving the stabilization of the START-PH interface. This could help to develop new and potentially more selective inhibitors of this transporter, which is a potent target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ghoula
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
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3
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Kelch-like protein 5-mediated ubiquitination of lysine 183 promotes proteasomal degradation of sphingosine kinase 1. Biochem J 2019; 476:3211-3226. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is a signalling enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of sphingosine to generate the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). A number of SK1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics can induce the degradation of SK1, with the loss of this pro-survival enzyme shown to significantly contribute to the anti-cancer properties of these agents. Here we define the mechanistic basis for this degradation of SK1 in response to SK1 inhibitors, chemotherapeutics, and in natural protein turnover. Using an inducible SK1 expression system that enables the degradation of pre-formed SK1 to be assessed independent of transcriptional or translational effects, we found that SK1 was degraded primarily by the proteasome since several proteasome inhibitors blocked SK1 degradation, while lysosome, cathepsin B or pan caspase inhibitors had no effect. Importantly, we demonstrate that this proteasomal degradation of SK1 was enabled by its ubiquitination at Lys183 that appears facilitated by SK1 inhibitor-induced conformational changes in the structure of SK1 around this residue. Furthermore, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified Kelch-like protein 5 (KLHL5) as an important protein adaptor linking SK1 to the cullin 3 (Cul3) ubiquitin ligase complex. Notably, knockdown of KLHL5 or Cul3, use of a cullin inhibitor or a dominant-negative Cul3 all attenuated SK1 degradation. Collectively this data demonstrates the KLHL5/Cul3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is important for regulation of SK1 protein stability via Lys183 ubiquitination, in response to SK1 inhibitors, chemotherapy and for normal SK1 protein turnover.
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4
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Kao LP, Morad SAF, Davis TS, MacDougall MR, Kassai M, Abdelmageed N, Fox TE, Kester M, Loughran TP, Abad JL, Fabrias G, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Claxton DF, Spiegel S, Fisher-Wellman KH, Cabot MC. Chemotherapy selection pressure alters sphingolipid composition and mitochondrial bioenergetics in resistant HL-60 cells. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1590-1602. [PMID: 31363040 PMCID: PMC6718434 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of daunorubicin (dnr) and cytarabine (Ara-C) is a cornerstone of treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); resistance to these drugs is a major cause of treatment failure. Ceramide, a sphingolipid (SL), plays a critical role in cancer cell apoptosis in response to chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of chemotherapy selection pressure with Ara-C and dnr on SL composition and enzyme activity in the AML cell line HL-60. Resistant cells, those selected for growth in Ara-C- and dnr-containing medium (HL-60/Ara-C and HL-60/dnr, respectively), demonstrated upregulated expression and activity of glucosylceramide synthase, acid ceramidase (AC), and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1); were more resistant to ceramide than parental cells; and displayed sensitivity to inhibitors of SL metabolism. Lipidomic analysis revealed a general ceramide deficit and a profound upswing in levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) in HL-60/dnr cells versus parental and HL-60/Ara-C cells. Both chemotherapy-selected cells also exhibited comprehensive upregulations in mitochondrial biogenesis consistent with heightened reliance on oxidative phosphorylation, a property that was partially reversed by exposure to AC and SPHK1 inhibitors and that supports a role for the phosphorylation system in resistance. In summary, dnr and Ara-C selection pressure induces acute reductions in ceramide levels and large increases in S1P and C1P, concomitant with cell resilience bolstered by enhanced mitochondrial remodeling. Thus, strategic control of ceramide metabolism and further research to define mitochondrial perturbations that accompany the drug-resistant phenotype offer new opportunities for developing therapies that regulate cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Pin Kao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC
| | - Samy A F Morad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Traci S Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC
| | - Matthew R MacDougall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC
| | - Miki Kassai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC
| | - Noha Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark Kester
- University of Virginia Cancer Center Charlottesville, VA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jose' L Abad
- Instituto de Quimica Avanzada de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Instituto de Quimica Avanzada de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center Charlottesville, VA; Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC.
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC.
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5
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Snider JM, Trayssac M, Clarke CJ, Schwartz N, Snider AJ, Obeid LM, Luberto C, Hannun YA. Multiple actions of doxorubicin on the sphingolipid network revealed by flux analysis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:819-831. [PMID: 30573560 PMCID: PMC6446699 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) have been implicated in numerous important cellular biologies; however, their study has been hindered by the complexities of SL metabolism. Furthermore, enzymes of SL metabolism represent a dynamic and interconnected network in which one metabolite can be transformed into other bioactive SLs through further metabolism, resulting in diverse cellular responses. Here we explore the effects of both lethal and sublethal doses of doxorubicin (Dox) in MCF-7 cells. The two concentrations of Dox resulted in the regulation of SLs, including accumulations in sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, dihydroceramide, and ceramide, as well as reduced levels of hexosylceramide. To further define the effects of Dox on SLs, metabolic flux experiments utilizing a d17 dihydrosphingosine probe were conducted. Results indicated the regulation of ceramidases and sphingomyelin synthase components specifically in response to the cytostatic dose. The results also unexpectedly demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase and glucosylceramide synthase in response to Dox. Taken together, this study uncovers novel targets in the SL network for the action of Dox, and the results reveal the significant complexity of SL response to even a single agent. This approach helps to define the role of specific SL enzymes, their metabolic products, and the resulting biologies in response to chemotherapeutics and other stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Snider
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Magali Trayssac
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Nicholas Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Departments of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Departments of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
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6
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Targeting sphingolipid metabolism as an approach for combination therapies in haematological malignancies. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:72. [PMID: 30062053 PMCID: PMC6060109 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy-based drug combinations have, until recently, been the backbone of most therapeutic strategies for cancer. In a time of emerging rationale drug development, targeted therapies are beginning to be added to traditional chemotherapeutics to synergistically enhance clinical responses. Of note, the importance of pro-apoptotic ceramide in mediating the anti-cancer effects of these therapies is becoming more apparent. Furthermore, reduced cellular ceramide in favour of pro-survival sphingolipids correlates with tumorigenesis and most importantly, drug resistance. Thus, agents that manipulate sphingolipid metabolism have been explored as potential anti-cancer agents and have recently demonstrated exciting potential to augment the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics. This review examines the biology underpinning these observations and the potential use of sphingolipid manipulating agents in the context of existing and emerging therapies for haematological malignancies. • Efficacy of many chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies is dictated by cellular ceramide levels. • Oncogene activation skews sphingolipid metabolism to favour the production of pro-survival sphingolipids. • Inhibitors of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism exhibit promise in the relapsed-refractory setting. • Anti-cancer activity of sphingosine kinase inhibitors provides several options for new drug combinations. Open Questions • What other clinically utilised drugs rely on increases in ceramide levels for their efficacy and can they be effectively partnered with other ceramide inducing agents? • How does ceramide modulate the Bcl-2 family proteins, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2? • Are sphingolipid enzyme inhibitors best suited in the frontline or relapsed-refractory setting?
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7
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Cervia D, Assi E, De Palma C, Giovarelli M, Bizzozero L, Pambianco S, Di Renzo I, Zecchini S, Moscheni C, Vantaggiato C, Procacci P, Clementi E, Perrotta C. Essential role for acid sphingomyelinase-inhibited autophagy in melanoma response to cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24995-5009. [PMID: 27107419 PMCID: PMC5041885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolising enzyme Acid Sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) has been recently shown to inhibit melanoma progression and correlate inversely to tumour grade. In this study we have investigated the role of A-SMase in the chemo-resistance to anticancer treatmentusing mice with melanoma allografts and melanoma cells differing in terms of expression/activity of A-SMase. Since autophagy is emerging as a key mechanism in tumour growth and chemo-resistance, we have also investigated whether an action of A-SMase in autophagy can explain its role. Melanoma sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in terms of cell viability/apoptosis, tumour growth, and animal survival depended directly on the A-SMase levels in tumoural cells. A-SMase action was due to inhibition of autophagy through activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine restored sensitivity to cisplatin of tumours expressing low levels of A-SMase while no additive effects were observed in tumours characterised by sustained A-SMase levels. The fact that A-SMase in melanomas affects mTOR-regulated autophagy and plays a central role in cisplatin efficacy encourages pre-clinical testing on the modulation of A-SMase levels/activity as possible novel anti-neoplastic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Present address: Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Bizzozero
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Present address: Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino and Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sarah Pambianco
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Procacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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8
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Ilan Y. Compounds of the sphingomyelin-ceramide-glycosphingolipid pathways as secondary messenger molecules: new targets for novel therapies for fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1102-17. [PMID: 27173510 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The compounds of sphingomyelin-ceramide-glycosphingolipid pathways have been studied as potential secondary messenger molecules in various systems, along with liver function and insulin resistance. Secondary messenger molecules act directly or indirectly to affect cell organelles and intercellular interactions. Their potential role in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and diabetes has been suggested. Data samples collected from patients with Gaucher's disease, who had high levels of glucocerebroside, support a role for compounds from these pathways as a messenger molecules in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease and diabetes. The present review summarizes some of the recent data on the role of glycosphingolipid molecules as messenger molecules in various physiological and pathological conditions, more specifically including insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Bach A, Pizzirani D, Realini N, Vozella V, Russo D, Penna I, Melzig L, Scarpelli R, Piomelli D. Benzoxazolone Carboxamides as Potent Acid Ceramidase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9258-72. [PMID: 26560855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are lipid-derived intracellular messengers involved in the control of senescence, inflammation, and apoptosis. The cysteine amidase, acid ceramidase (AC), hydrolyzes these substances into sphingosine and fatty acid and, by doing so, regulates their signaling activity. AC inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of pathological conditions, such as cancer, in which ceramide levels are abnormally reduced. Here, we present a systematic SAR investigation of the benzoxazolone carboxamides, a recently described class of AC inhibitors that display high potency and systemic activity in mice. We examined a diverse series of substitutions on both benzoxazolone ring and carboxamide side chain. Several modifications enhanced potency and stability, and one key compound with a balanced activity-stability profile (14) was found to inhibit AC activity in mouse lungs and cerebral cortex after systemic administration. The results expand our arsenal of AC inhibitors, thereby facilitating the use of these compounds as pharmacological tools and their potential development as drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bach
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Pizzirani
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Natalia Realini
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Vozella
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Debora Russo
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Penna
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Laurin Melzig
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Scarpelli
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Biological Chemistry, and Pharmacology, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
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10
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Morad SAF, Cabot MC. Tamoxifen regulation of sphingolipid metabolism--Therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1134-45. [PMID: 25964209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen, a triphenylethylene antiestrogen and one of the first-line endocrine therapies used to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, has a number of interesting, off-target effects, and among these is the inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism. More specifically, tamoxifen inhibits ceramide glycosylation, and enzymatic step that can adventitiously support the influential tumor-suppressor properties of ceramide, the aliphatic backbone of sphingolipids. Additionally, tamoxifen and metabolites N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, have been shown to inhibit ceramide hydrolysis by the enzyme acid ceramidase. This particular intervention slows ceramide destruction and thereby depresses formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, a mitogenic sphingolipid with cancer growth-promoting properties. As ceramide-centric therapies are becoming appealing clinical interventions in the treatment of cancer, agents like tamoxifen that can retard the generation of mitogenic sphingolipids and buffer ceramide clearance via inhibition of glycosylation, take on new importance. In this review, we present an abridged, lay introduction to sphingolipid metabolism, briefly chronicle tamoxifen's history in the clinic, examine studies that demonstrate the impact of triphenylethylenes on sphingolipid metabolism in cancer cells, and canvass works relevant to the use of tamoxifen as adjuvant to drive ceramide-centric therapies in cancer treatment. The objective is to inform the readership of what could be a novel, off-label indication of tamoxifen and structurally-related triphenylethylenes, an indication divorced from estrogen receptor status and one with application in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A F Morad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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11
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Morad SAF, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Kester M, Claxton DF, Loughran TP, Barth BM, Fox TE, Cabot MC. Modification of sphingolipid metabolism by tamoxifen and N-desmethyltamoxifen in acute myelogenous leukemia--Impact on enzyme activity and response to cytotoxics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:919-28. [PMID: 25769964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The triphenylethylene antiestrogen, tamoxifen, can be an effective inhibitor of sphingolipid metabolism. This off-target activity makes tamoxifen an interesting ancillary for boosting the apoptosis-inducing properties of ceramide, a sphingolipid with valuable tumor censoring activity. Here we show for the first time that tamoxifen and metabolite, N-desmethyltamoxifen (DMT), block ceramide glycosylation and inhibit ceramide hydrolysis (by acid ceramidase, AC) in human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lines and in AML cells derived from patients. Tamoxifen (1-10 μM) inhibition of AC in AML cells was accompanied by decreases in AC protein expression. Tamoxifen also depressed expression and activity of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the enzyme-catalyzing production of mitogenic sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1-P). Results from mass spectroscopy showed that tamoxifen and DMT (i) increased the levels of endogenous C16:0 and C24:1 ceramide molecular species, (ii) nearly totally halted production of respective glucosylceramide (GC) molecular species, (iii) drastically reduced levels of sphingosine (to 9% of control), and (iv) reduced levels of S1-P by 85%, in vincristine-resistant HL-60/VCR cells. The co-administration of tamoxifen with either N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), a ceramide-generating retinoid, or a cell-deliverable form of ceramide, C6-ceramide, resulted in marked decreases in HL-60/VCR cell viability that far exceeded single agent potency. Combination treatments resulted in synergistic apoptotic cell death as gauged by increased Annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3. These results show the versatility of adjuvant triphenylethylene with ceramide-centric therapies for magnifying therapeutic potential in AML. Such drug regimens could serve as effective strategies, even in the multidrug-resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A F Morad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | | | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0716, USA
| | - Brian M Barth
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0001, USA
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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12
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Pizzirani D, Bach A, Realini N, Armirotti A, Mengatto L, Bauer I, Girotto S, Pagliuca C, De Vivo M, Summa M, Ribeiro A, Piomelli D. Benzoxazolone Carboxamides: Potent and Systemically Active Inhibitors of Intracellular Acid Ceramidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Pizzirani D, Bach A, Realini N, Armirotti A, Mengatto L, Bauer I, Girotto S, Pagliuca C, De Vivo M, Summa M, Ribeiro A, Piomelli D. Benzoxazolone carboxamides: potent and systemically active inhibitors of intracellular acid ceramidase. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (INTERNATIONAL ED. IN ENGLISH) 2014; 54:485-9. [PMID: 25395373 PMCID: PMC4502975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ceramides are a family of bioactive lipid-derived messengers involved in the control of cellular senescence, inflammation, and apoptosis. Ceramide hydrolysis by acid ceramidase (AC) stops the biological activity of these substances and influences survival and function of normal and neoplastic cells. Because of its central role in the ceramide metabolism, AC may offer a novel molecular target in disorders with dysfunctional ceramide-mediated signaling. Here, a class of benzoxazolone carboxamides is identified as the first potent and systemically active inhibitors of AC. Prototype members of this class inhibit AC with low nanomolar potency by covalent binding to the catalytic cysteine. Their metabolic stability and high in vivo efficacy suggest that these compounds may be used as probes to investigate the roles of ceramide in health and disease, and that this scaffold may represent a promising starting point for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pizzirani
- Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova (Italy)
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Santos C, Rogriguez F, Garcia V, Moravčíková D, Berkeš D, Daïch A, Levade T, Baudoin-Dehoux C, Ballereau S, Génisson Y. Identification of Novel CERT Ligands as Potential Ceramide Trafficking Inhibitors. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2522-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Local and systemic pathogenesis and consequences of regimen-induced inflammatory responses in patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:518261. [PMID: 24757285 PMCID: PMC3976778 DOI: 10.1155/2014/518261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-related toxicities are common among patients with head and neck cancer, leading to poor clinical outcomes, reduced quality of life, and increased use of healthcare resources. Over the last decade, much has been learned about the pathogenesis of cancer regimen-related toxicities. Historically, toxicities were separated into those associated with tissue injury and those with behavioural or systemic changes. However, it is now clear that tissue-specific damage such as mucositis, dermatitis, or fibrosis is no longer the sole consequence of direct clonogenic cell death, and a relationship between toxicities that results in their presentation as symptom clusters has been documented and attributed to a common underlying pathobiology. In addition, the finding that patients commonly develop toxicities representing tissue injury outside radiation fields and side effects such as fatigue or cognitive dysfunction suggests the generation of systemic as well as local mediators. As a consequence, it might be appropriate to consider toxicity syndromes, rather than the traditional approach, in which each side effect was considered as an autonomous entity. In this paper, we propose a biologically based explanation which forms the basis for the diverse constellation of toxicities seen in response to current regimens used to treat cancers of the head and neck.
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