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Generation and Release of Neurogranin, Vimentin, and MBP Proteolytic Peptides, Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:731-747. [PMID: 34762230 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major neurological disorder without FDA-approved therapies. In this study, we have examined the concept that TBI might trigger global brain proteolysis in the acute post-injury phase. Thus, we conducted a systemic proteolytic peptidomics analysis using acute cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from TBI patients and normal control samples. We employed ultrafiltration-based low molecular weight (LMW; < 10 kDa) peptide enrichment, coupled with nano-reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis, followed with orthogonal quantitative immunoblotting-based protein degradation analysis. We indeed identified novel patterns of injury-dependent proteolytic peptides derived from neuronal components (pre- and post-synaptic terminal, dendrites, axons), extracellular matrix, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, and astrocytes. Among these, post-synaptic protein neurogranin was identified for the first time converted to neurogranin peptides including neurogranin peptide (aa 16-64) that is phosphorylated at Ser-36/48 (P-NG-fragment) in acute human TBI CSF samples vs. normal control with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.957. We also identified detailed processing of astroglia protein (vimentin) and oligodendrocyte protein (MBP and Golli-MBP) to protein breakdown products (BDPs) and/or LMW proteolytic peptides after TBI. In addition, using MS/MS selected reaction monitoring method, two C-terminally released MBP peptides TQDENPVVHFF and TQDENPVVHF were found to be elevated in acute and subacute TBI CSF samples as compared to their normal control counterparts. These findings imply that future therapeutic strategies might be placed on the suppression of brain proteolysis as a target. The endogenous proteolytic peptides discovered in human TBI biofluid could represent useful diagnostic and monitoring tools for TBI.
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Scannevin RH, Alexander R, Haarlander TM, Burke SL, Singer M, Huo C, Zhang YM, Maguire D, Spurlino J, Deckman I, Carroll KI, Lewandowski F, Devine E, Dzordzorme K, Tounge B, Milligan C, Bayoumy S, Williams R, Schalk-Hihi C, Leonard K, Jackson P, Todd M, Kuo LC, Rhodes KJ. Discovery of a highly selective chemical inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that allosterically inhibits zymogen activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17963-17974. [PMID: 28860188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.806075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a common feature of pathological cascades observed in diverse disorders, such as cancer, fibrosis, immune dysregulation, and neurodegenerative diseases. MMP-9, in particular, is highly dynamically regulated in several pathological processes. Development of MMP inhibitors has therefore been an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention. However, a long history of failed clinical trials has demonstrated that broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors have limited clinical utility, which has spurred the development of inhibitors selective for individual MMPs. Attaining selectivity has been technically challenging because of sequence and structural conservation across the various MMPs. Here, through a biochemical and structural screening paradigm, we have identified JNJ0966, a highly selective compound that inhibited activation of MMP-9 zymogen and subsequent generation of catalytically active enzyme. JNJ0966 had no effect on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, or MMP-14 catalytic activity and did not inhibit activation of the highly related MMP-2 zymogen. The molecular basis for this activity was characterized as an interaction of JNJ0966 with a structural pocket in proximity to the MMP-9 zymogen cleavage site near Arg-106, which is distinct from the catalytic domain. JNJ0966 was efficacious in reducing disease severity in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model, demonstrating the viability of this therapeutic approach. This discovery reveals an unprecedented pharmacological approach to MMP inhibition, providing an opportunity to improve selectivity of future clinical drug candidates. Targeting zymogen activation in this manner may also allow for pharmaceutical exploration of other enzymes previously viewed as intractable drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Scannevin
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Richard Alexander
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | | | - Sharon L Burke
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Monica Singer
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Cuifen Huo
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Yue-Mei Zhang
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Diane Maguire
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - John Spurlino
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Ingrid Deckman
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Karen I Carroll
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Frank Lewandowski
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Eric Devine
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Keli Dzordzorme
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Brett Tounge
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Cindy Milligan
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Shariff Bayoumy
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Robyn Williams
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Celine Schalk-Hihi
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Kristi Leonard
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Paul Jackson
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Matthew Todd
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Lawrence C Kuo
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Kenneth J Rhodes
- From Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
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Wright JW, Harding JW. Contributions of matrix metalloproteinases to neural plasticity, habituation, associative learning and drug addiction. Neural Plast 2010; 2009:579382. [PMID: 20169175 PMCID: PMC2821634 DOI: 10.1155/2009/579382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The premise of this paper is that increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) permits the reconfiguration of synaptic connections (i.e., neural plasticity) by degrading cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) designed to provide stability to those extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form scaffolding supporting neurons and glia. It is presumed that while these ECM proteins are weakened, and/or detached, synaptic connections can form resulting in new neural pathways. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are designed to deactivate MMPs permitting the reestablishment of CAMs, thus returning the system to a reasonably fixed state. This review considers available findings concerning the roles of MMPs and TIMPs in reorganizing ECM proteins thus facilitating the neural plasticity underlying long-term potentiation (LTP), habituation, and associative learning. We conclude with a consideration of the influence of these phenomena on drug addiction, given that these same processes may be instrumental in the formation of addiction and subsequent relapse. However, our knowledge concerning the precise spatial and temporal relationships among the mechanisms of neural plasticity, habituation, associative learning, and memory consolidation is far from complete and the possibility that these phenomena mediate drug addiction is a new direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Wright
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA.
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