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Haikonen T, Rajamäki ML, Tian YP, Valkonen JPT. Mutation of a Short Variable Region in HCpro Protein of Potato virus A Affects Interactions with a Microtubule-Associated Protein and Induces Necrotic Responses in Tobacco. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:721-33. [PMID: 23514111 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-13-0024-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Helper component proteinase (HCpro) is a multifunctional protein of potyviruses (genus Potyvirus). HCpro of Potato virus A (PVA) interacts with the microtubule-associated protein HIP2 in host cells, and depletion of HIP2 reduces virus accumulation. This study shows that HCpro of Potato virus Y and Tobacco etch virus also interact with HIP2. The C-proximal portion of PVA HCpro determines the interaction with HIP2 and was found to contain a stretch of six residues comprising a highly variable region (HVR) in potyviruses. Mutations in HVR reduced PVA accumulation in tobacco plants and induced necrotic symptoms novel to PVA. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed induction of many defense-related genes including ethylene- and jasmonic acid-inducible pathways in systemically infected leaves at necrosis onset. Salicylic acid-mediated signaling was dispensable for the response. Genes related to microtubule functions were down-regulated. Structural modeling of HCpro suggested that all mutations in HVR caused conformational changes in adjacent regions containing functionally important motifs conserved in potyviruses. Those mutations, which also caused conformational changes in HVR, led to the greatest reduction of fitness. Our results implicate HVR in the regulation of HCpro conformation and virus-host interactions and suggest that mutation of HVR induces host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Haikonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Sochor J, Babula P, Adam V, Krska B, Kizek R. Sharka: the past, the present and the future. Viruses 2012; 4:2853-901. [PMID: 23202508 PMCID: PMC3509676 DOI: 10.3390/v4112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members the Potyviridae family belong to a group of plant viruses that are causing devastating plant diseases with a significant impact on agronomy and economics. Plum pox virus (PPV), as a causative agent of sharka disease, is widely discussed. The understanding of the molecular biology of potyviruses including PPV and the function of individual proteins as products of genome expression are quite necessary for the proposal the new antiviral strategies. This review brings to view the members of Potyviridae family with respect to plum pox virus. The genome of potyviruses is discussed with respect to protein products of its expression and their function. Plum pox virus distribution, genome organization, transmission and biochemical changes in infected plants are introduced. In addition, techniques used in PPV detection are accentuated and discussed, especially with respect to new modern techniques of nucleic acids isolation, based on the nanotechnological approach. Finally, perspectives on the future of possibilities for nanotechnology application in PPV determination/identification are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sochor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Krska
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic;
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (P.B.); (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Hammond J. Serological relationships between the cylindrical inclusion proteins of potyviruses. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 1998; 88:965-971. [PMID: 18944875 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.1998.88.9.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antisera to the cytoplasmic inclusion proteins (CIPs) of bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), clover yellow vein (ClYVV), turnip mosaic (TuMV), sweet potato feathery mottle (SPFMV), and maize dwarf mosaic (MDMV) potyviruses were used to examine the relationships between the CIPs of 18 potyviruses. The antisera to CIPs of BYMV, ClYVV, TuMV, and SPFMV cross-reacted to most or all of the purified CIPs tested in western blot assays. The MDMV CIP antiserum reacted significantly only to the MDMV and sorghum mosaic virus CIPs. Reactivity of antisera to CIPs of dicot-infecting viruses was generally higher with CIPs of other dicot-infecting than with monocot-infecting potyvirus CIPs. Analysis of amino acid sequences of the CI genes of 11 well-characterized potyviruses suggested that epitopes specific for individual potyviruses are primarily in the C-terminal domains of the CIP, whereas epitopes shared among different viruses are clustered in the N-terminal domains. The most highly conserved predicted epitope overlaps the nucleotide binding motif of the N-terminal helicase domain of the CIP. Antibodies to this domain will probably be present in antisera to any potyvirus CIP and contribute to the cross-reactivity observed. Differences in the C-terminal domains may correlate with interactions between the CIP and coat protein necessary for replication and movement.
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