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Huang S, Yang C, Ma N, Zhou L, Jia C, Wei T, Mao D. Py-GC–MS Investigation of Pyrolysis Behaviors and Decomposition Products of α- and β-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diols. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.ib7186p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Py-GC–MS Investigation of Pyrolysis Behaviors and Decomposition Products of α- and β-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diols
May 1, 2022
Shen Huang, Chen Yang, Ning Ma, Lifeng Zhou, Chunxiao Jia, Tao Wei, Duobin Mao
LCGC North America, May 2022, Volume 40, Issue 5
Pages: 223–228
To study the thermal stability of cembratriene, α- and β-2, 7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diols (α- and β-CBT) were isolated from tobacco leaves. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses were used to evaluate the cleavage differences between the two compounds. The TGA results showed the peak temperatures (Tp) were 263.3 °C and 254.1 °C with the largest weight loss rate; the significant weight losses were 90.96% and 99.45%. Pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) was employed for the pyrolysis products at different temperatures (300, 600, and 900 °C) under either N2 or an O2:N2 (10%:90%) mixture. The results showed that the major pyrolysates from α- and β-CBT were simple hydrocarbons, such as toluene, 1, 4-pentadiene, and p-xylene, as well as several important flavor compounds, such as 2-methylfuran, benzaldehyde, and 4-methylbenzaldehyde. More pyrolysis products were obtained at higher temperatures, and almost all of the harmful aromatic ingredients were produced at 900 °C. Importantly, solanone, a significant flavor component, was only obtained from the pyrolysis of α-CBT under 10% O2 in N2 at both 600 and 900 °C. The number of the pyrolysates changed with the change in pyrolysis temperature and the presence of oxygen. The study of the thermal behavior and pyrolysis products of these terpenoids could possibly suggest flavor precursors that could be used to provide specific flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Yang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
| | - Ning Ma
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
| | | | | | - Tao Wei
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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Zhang B, Liu D, Ji W, Otsuki K, Higai K, Zhao F, Li W, Koike K, Qiu F. Sacraoxides A-G, Bioactive Cembranoids from Gum Resin of Boswellia sacra. Front Chem 2021; 9:649287. [PMID: 33869144 PMCID: PMC8044883 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.649287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven undescribed cembranoids, sacraoxides A–G (1, 3–8) were isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia sacra. Their structures were elucidated by extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis, as well as ECD calculation, modified Mosher’s method and X-ray diffraction crystallography. Compounds 6 and 7 exhibited inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 24.9 ± 1.7 and 36.4 ± 2.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyue Ji
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kouharu Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Higai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Yan N, Du Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z. A Review on Bioactivities of Tobacco Cembranoid Diterpenes. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E30. [PMID: 30654586 PMCID: PMC6359560 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cembranoids are carbocyclic diterpenes comprising four isoprene units and are natural products with a parent skeleton consisting of a 14-membered ring. They have gained wide interest in recent years and are a major hotspot in the research of natural product chemistry. Since 1962, various tobacco cembranoid diterpenes have been identified. This review systematically discusses and summarises the excellent antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. These compounds show potential to be developed as botanical fungicides, cytotoxic drugs and drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are relatively few studies on the structure⁻activity relationship (SAR) of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. Therefore, future studies should focus on their structural modification, SAR and biogenic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Pagán OR, Rowlands AL, Fattore AL, Coudron T, Urban KR, Bidja AH, Eterović VA. A cembranoid from tobacco prevents the expression of nicotine-induced withdrawal behavior in planarian worms. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 615:118-24. [PMID: 19490913 PMCID: PMC2904570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using an adaptation of published behavioral protocols, we determined that acute exposure to the cholinergic compounds nicotine and carbamylcholine decreased planarian motility in a concentration-dependent manner. A tobacco cembranoid (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol (4R-cembranoid), also decreased planarian motility. Experiments in the presence of 1 microM 4R-cembranoid did increase the IC50 for nicotine- but not carbamylcholine-induced decrease in planarian motility. When planarians were exposed for 24 h to either nicotine or carbamylcholine at concentrations near their respective IC50 values and then transferred to plain media, nicotine-exposed, but not carbamylcholine- or cembranoid-exposed worms displayed withdrawal-like distress behaviors. In experiments where planarians were pre-exposed to 100 microM nicotine for 24 h in the presence of 1 microM 4R-cembranoid, the withdrawal-like effects were significantly reduced. These results indicate that the 4R-cembranoid might have valuable applications for tobacco abuse research. This experimental approach using planarians is useful for the initial screening of compounds relevant to drug abuse and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oné R Pagán
- Department of Biology, West Chester University, 750 S. Church Street, West Chester, PA 19383-2112, United States.
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El Sayed KA, Sylvester PW. Biocatalytic and semisynthetic studies of the anticancer tobacco cembranoids. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:877-87. [PMID: 17501699 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.6.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Historically, tobacco use was primarily recreational and has been smoked in cigarettes, cigars and pipes, as well as smokeless forms of consumption, all of which are associated with adverse health effects. However, recent scientific investigations indicate that tobacco also contains several diverse secondary metabolites that may provide potential health benefits in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, the leaf and flower of Nicotiana tabacum contain high amounts of the key flavor ingredient, cembranoids. Tobacco alpha- and beta-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diols display potent anticancer activity. These compounds have also been found to inhibit phorbol ester-stimulated (32)P(i) incorporation into phospholipids, induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen and protein phosphorylation. This review focuses on the biocatalytic and semisynthetic studies of tobacco cembanoids and their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A El Sayed
- University of Louisiana at Monroe, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Monroe, Louisiana 71209, USA.
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Kamel HN, Fronczek FR, Khalifa SI, Slattery M. Microbial Transformation of 5-Episinuleptolide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:537-40. [PMID: 17409543 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5-episinuleptolide (1) is an abundant norcembranolide diterpene isolated from several species of the soft coral genus Sinularia. Biocatalytic transformation studies of 1 using Streptomyces lavendulea ATCC 8664 resulted in the isolation and characterization of two new metabolites 2 and 3. Compound 2, 6alpha-hydroxy-5-episinuleptolide was produced via a stereoselective reduction of 1 and was further metabolized into compound 3 which has a 3,8-bicylized cembranoid skeleton. The structures and configurations of the metabolites were determined by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy Nasr Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and National Center for Natural Products Research, RIPS, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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Eaton MJ, Ospina CA, Rodríguez AD, Eterović VA. Differential inhibition of nicotine- and acetylcholine-evoked currents through alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors by tobacco cembranoids in Xenopus oocytes. Neurosci Lett 2004; 366:97-102. [PMID: 15265598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Revised: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In tobacco, there are two types of compounds that interact with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nnAChRs) in the brain. The first is the addictive component of tobacco and an agonist of these receptors, nicotine. The second are cyclic diterpenoids called cembranoids that non-competitively inhibit many types of nnAChRs. Nictotinic receptors composed of alpha4beta2 subunits are the predominant type of nicotinic receptors in the brain. These alpha4beta2 receptors are up-regulated upon chronic exposure to nicotine and have been implicated in nicotine addiction. The present study was designed to determine whether the inhibitory effects of two cembranoids from tobacco [(1S, 2E, 4R, 6R, 7E, 11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (4R) and its diastereoisomer (1S, 2E, 4S, 6R, 7E, 11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (4S)] were comparable on acetylcholine (ACh) and nicotine-evoked currents through alpha4beta2 nnAChRs. alpha4beta2 nnAChRs from rat brain were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and studied using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. The dose-response curves for acetylcholine and nicotine were hyperbolic and bell-shaped, respectively. Although there was no difference in the potency between cembranoids 4R and 4S, both of these cembranoids more potently inhibited nicotine-induced currents than acetylcholine-induced currents. Furthermore, both cembranoids were more potent inhibitors of this receptor when they were preincubated for 1 min prior to application of agonist. The finding that cembranoids preferentially inhibit nicotine-induced currents over those elicited by the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine may have important implications when developing strategies to prevent nicotine addiction and tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty J Eaton
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Universidad Centreal del Caribe, Bayamon, PR.
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