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Tang X, Yang T, Yu D, Xiong H, Zhang S. Current insights and future perspectives of ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure: Friends and foes to the skin and beyond the skin. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108535. [PMID: 38428192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is ubiquitous in the environment, which has been classified as an established human carcinogen. As the largest and outermost organ of the body, direct exposure of skin to sunlight or UV radiation can result in sunburn, inflammation, photo-immunosuppression, photoaging and even skin cancers. To date, there are tactics to protect the skin by preventing UV radiation and reducing the amount of UV radiation to the skin. Nevertheless, deciphering the essential regulatory mechanisms may pave the way for therapeutic interventions against UV-induced skin disorders. Additionally, UV light is considered beneficial for specific skin-related conditions in medical UV therapy. Recent evidence indicates that the biological effects of UV exposure extend beyond the skin and include the treatment of inflammatory diseases, solid tumors and certain abnormal behaviors. This review mainly focuses on the effects of UV on the skin. Moreover, novel findings of the biological effects of UV in other organs and systems are also summarized. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which UV affects the human organism remain to be fully elucidated to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of its biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Tang
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingyi Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang 621099, China.
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2
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Murray KO, Brant JO, Spradlin RA, Thome T, Laitano O, Ryan TE, Riva A, Kladde MP, Clanton TL. Exertional heat stroke causes long-term skeletal muscle epigenetic reprogramming, altered gene expression, and impaired satellite cell function in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R160-R175. [PMID: 38047316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00226.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exertional heat stroke (EHS) exposure on skeletal muscles is incompletely understood. Muscle weakness is an early symptom of EHS but is not considered a major target of multiorgan injury. Previously, in a preclinical mouse model of EHS, we observed the vulnerability of limb muscles to a second EHS exposure, suggesting hidden processes contributing to declines in muscle resilience. Here, we evaluated the possible molecular origins of EHS-induced declines in muscle resilience. Female C57BL/6 mice [total n = 56; 28/condition, i.e., EHS and exercise control (EXC)] underwent forced wheel running at 37.5°C/40% relative humidity until symptom limitation (unconsciousness). EXC mice exercised identically at room temperature (22-23°C). After 1 mo of recovery, the following were assessed: 1) specific force and caffeine-induced contracture in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles; 2) transcriptome and DNA methylome responses in gastrocnemius (GAST); and 3) primary satellite cell function (proliferation and differentiation). There were no differences in specific force in either SOL or EDL from EXC. Only EHS solei exhibited lower caffeine sensitivity. EHS GAST exhibited higher RNA expression of genes encoding structural proteins of slow fibers, heat shock proteins, and myogenesis. A total of ∼2,500 differentially methylated regions of DNA that could potentially affect many cell functions were identified. Primary satellite cells exhibited suppressed proliferation rates but normal differentiation responses. Results demonstrate long-term changes in skeletal muscles 1 mo after EHS that could contribute to declines in muscle resilience. Skeletal muscle may join other, more recognized tissues considered vulnerable to long-term effects of EHS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exertional heat stroke (EHS) in mice induces long-term molecular and functional changes in limb muscle that could reflect a loss of "resilience" to further stress. The phenotype was characterized by altered caffeine sensitivity and suppressed satellite cell proliferative potential. This was accompanied by changes in gene expression and DNA methylation consistent with ongoing muscle remodeling and stress adaptation. We propose that EHS may induce a prolonged vulnerability of skeletal muscle to further stress or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Murray
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Jason O Brant
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ray A Spradlin
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Trace Thome
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Alberto Riva
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Michael P Kladde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Thomas L Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Hamidpour SK, Nikkhah A, Arjmand R, Mafi AR, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Larijani B, Gilany K, Arjmand B. DNA Damage Responses, the Trump Card of Stem Cells in the Survival Game. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37923882 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells, as a group of undifferentiated cells, are enriched with self-renewal and high proliferative capacity, which have attracted the attention of many researchers as a promising approach in the treatment of many diseases over the past years. However, from the cellular and molecular point of view, the DNA repair system is one of the biggest challenges in achieving therapeutic goals through stem cell technology. DNA repair mechanisms are an advantage for stem cells that are constantly multiplying to deal with various types of DNA damage. However, this mechanism can be considered a trump card in the game of cell survival and treatment resistance in cancer stem cells, which can hinder the curability of various types of cancer. Therefore, getting a deep insight into the DNA repair system can bring researchers one step closer to achieving major therapeutic goals. The remarkable thing about the DNA repair system is that this system is not only under the control of genetic factors, but also under the control of epigenetic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of the DNA repair system in maintaining the survival of cancer stem cells from both aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasta Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Murray KO, Brant JO, Kladde MP, Clanton TL. Long-term epigenetic and metabolomic changes in the mouse ventricular myocardium after exertional heat stroke. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:486-500. [PMID: 36215393 PMCID: PMC9705024 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00147.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human epidemiological studies suggests that exertional heat stroke (EHS) results in an elevated risk of long-term cardiovascular and systemic disease. Previous results using a preclinical mouse model of EHS demonstrated severe metabolic imbalances in ventricular myocardium developing at 9-14 days of recovery. Whether this resolves over time is unknown. We hypothesized that the long-term effects of EHS on the heart reflect retained maladaptive epigenetic responses. In this study, we evaluated genome-wide DNA methylation, RNA-Seq, and metabolomic profiles of the left ventricular myocardium in female C57BL/6 mice, 30 days after EHS (exercise in 37.5°C; n = 7-8), compared with exercise controls. EHS mice ran to loss of consciousness, reaching core temperatures of 42.4 ± 0.2°C. All mice recovered quickly. After 30 days, the left ventricles were rapidly frozen for DNA methyl sequencing, RNA-Seq, and untargeted metabolomics. Ventricular DNA from EHS mice revealed >13,000 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and >900 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; ≥5 DMCs with ≤300 bp between each CpG). Pathway analysis using DMRs revealed alterations in genes regulating basic cell functions, DNA binding, transcription, and metabolism. Metabolomics and mRNA expression revealed modest changes that are consistent with a return to homeostasis. Methylation status did not predict RNA expression or metabolic state at 30 days. We conclude that EHS induces a sustained DNA methylation memory lasting over 30 days of recovery, but ventricular gene expression and metabolism return to a relative homeostasis at rest. Such long-lasting alterations to the DNA methylation landscape could alter responsiveness to environmental or clinical challenges later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Murray
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jason O Brant
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael P Kladde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Thomas L Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Khan MM, Xiao J, Hollingsworth TJ, Patel D, Selley DE, Ring TL, LeDoux MS. Gnal haploinsufficiency causes genomic instability and increased sensitivity to haloperidol. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:61-70. [PMID: 31034808 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GNAL encodes guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit Gα(olf) which plays a key role in striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN)-dopamine signaling. GNAL loss-of-function mutations are causally-associated with isolated dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures. Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockers such as haloperidol are mainstays in the treatment of psychosis but may contribute to the development of secondary acute and tardive dystonia. Administration of haloperidol promotes cAMP-dependent signaling in D2R-expressing indirect pathway MSNs. At present, little is known about the cellular relationships among isolated, acute, and tardive dystonia. Herein, we report the effects of acute D2R blockade on motor behavior, DNA repair, cAMP-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and cell death in Gnal+/- mice and their isogenic Gnal+/+ littermates. In comparison to Gnal+/+ littermates, Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased catalepsy responses, persistent DNA breaks, decreased cAMP-dependent histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and increased cell death in response to haloperidol. In striatum, aged Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased global DNA methylation, increased euchromatin, and dendritic structural abnormalities. Our results provide evidence that Gα(olf) deficiency intensifies the effects of D2R antagonism and suggests that loss-of-function variants in GNAL may increase risk for movement disorders associated with D2R blockers. We hypothesize that the effects of Gα(olf) dysfunction and/or long-term D2R antagonism may lead to epigenetic silencing, transcriptional dysregulation, and, ultimately, cellular senescence and/or apoptosis in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - T J Hollingsworth
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Damini Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Trevor L Ring
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Weber AR, Krawczyk C, Robertson AB, Kuśnierczyk A, Vågbø CB, Schuermann D, Klungland A, Schär P. Biochemical reconstitution of TET1-TDG-BER-dependent active DNA demethylation reveals a highly coordinated mechanism. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10806. [PMID: 26932196 PMCID: PMC4778062 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine methylation in CpG dinucleotides is an epigenetic DNA modification dynamically established and maintained by DNA methyltransferases and demethylases. Molecular mechanisms of active DNA demethylation began to surface only recently with the discovery of the 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-directed hydroxylase and base excision activities of ten–eleven translocation (TET) proteins and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). This implicated a pathway operating through oxidation of 5mC by TET proteins, which generates substrates for TDG-dependent base excision repair (BER) that then replaces 5mC with C. Yet, direct evidence for a productive coupling of TET with BER has never been presented. Here we show that TET1 and TDG physically interact to oxidize and excise 5mC, and proof by biochemical reconstitution that the TET–TDG–BER system is capable of productive DNA demethylation. We show that the mechanism assures a sequential demethylation of symmetrically methylated CpGs, thereby avoiding DNA double-strand break formation but contributing to the mutability of methylated CpGs. Cytosine methylation is a dynamic DNA modification with the involvement of the base excision repair pathway suspected to be involved in demethylation. Here the authors show that TET1 and TDG interact to target modified bases and coordinate BER to avoid double strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain R Weber
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Krawczyk
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Adam B Robertson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, PROMEC, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cathrine B Vågbø
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, PROMEC, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Schuermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Primo Schär
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
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7
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He S, Barron E, Ishikawa K, Nazari Khanamiri H, Spee C, Zhou P, Kase S, Wang Z, Dustin LD, Hinton DR. Inhibition of DNA Methylation and Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 Suppresses RPE Transdifferentiation: Relevance to Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5579-89. [PMID: 26305530 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate expression of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in epiretinal membranes from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and to investigate effects of inhibition of MeCP2 and DNA methylation on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell transdifferentiation. METHODS Expression of MeCP2 and its colocalization with cytokeratin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in surgically excised PVR membranes was studied using immunohistochemistry. The effects of 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dC) on human RPE cell migration and viability were evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber assay and the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression of RASAL1 mRNA and its promoter region methylation were evaluated by real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR. Effects of 5-AZA-dC on expression of α-SMA, fibronectin (FN), and TGF-β receptor 2 (TGF-β R2) and Smad2/3 phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blotting. Effect of short interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down of MeCP2 on expression of α-SMA and FN induced by TGFβ was determined. RESULTS MeCP2 was abundantly expressed in cells within PVR membranes where it was double labeled with cells positive for cytokeratin and α-SMA. 5-AZA-dC inhibited expression of MeCP2 and suppressed RASAL1 gene methylation while increasing expression of the RASAL1 gene. Treatment with 5-AZA-dC significantly suppressed the expression of α-SMA, FN, TGF-β R2 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and inhibited RPE cell migration. TGF-β induced expression of α-SMA, and FN was suppressed by knock-down of MeCP2. CONCLUSIONS MeCP2 and DNA methylation regulate RPE transdifferentiation and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikun He
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, Unit
| | - Ernesto Barron
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | | | - Hossein Nazari Khanamiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Chris Spee
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Peng Zhou
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Satoru Kase
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zhuoshi Wang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Laurie Diane Dustin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, Unit
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Shen Y, Fu YK, Zhu YM, Lou YJ, Gu ZH, Shi JY, Chen B, Chen C, Zhu HH, Hu J, Zhao WL, Mi JQ, Chen L, Zhu HM, Shen ZX, Jin J, Wang ZY, Li JM, Chen Z, Chen SJ. Mutations of Epigenetic Modifier Genes as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Under Treatment With All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:563-71. [PMID: 26285909 PMCID: PMC4535155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a model for synergistic target cancer therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), which yields a very high 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 85 to 90%. Nevertheless, about 15% of APL patients still get early death or relapse. We performed this study to address the possible impact of additional gene mutations on the outcome of APL. METHODS We included a consecutive series of 266 cases as training group, and then validated the results in a testing group of 269 patients to investigate the potential prognostic gene mutations, including FLT3-ITD or -TKD, N-RAS, C-KIT, NPM1, CEPBA, WT1, ASXL1, DNMT3A, MLL (fusions and PTD), IDH1, IDH2 and TET2. RESULTS More high-risk patients (50.4%) carried additional mutations, as compared with intermediate- and low-risk ones. The mutations of epigenetic modifier genes were associated with poor prognosis in terms of disease-free survival in both training (HR = 6.761, 95% CI 2.179-20.984; P = 0.001) and validation (HR = 4.026, 95% CI 1.089-14.878; P = 0.037) groups. Sanz risk stratification was associated with CR induction and OS. CONCLUSION In an era of ATRA/ATO treatment, both molecular markers and clinical parameter based stratification systems should be used as prognostic factors for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Kai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Jun Lou
- Zhejiang Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Peking, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Qing Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Zhejiang Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Peking, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
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Léger H, Smet-Nocca C, Attmane-Elakeb A, Morley-Fletcher S, Benecke AG, Eilebrecht S. A TDG/CBP/RARα ternary complex mediates the retinoic acid-dependent expression of DNA methylation-sensitive genes. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2014; 12:8-18. [PMID: 24394593 PMCID: PMC4411359 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is a multifunctional enzyme, which is essential for embryonic development. It mediates the base excision repair (BER) of G:T and G:U DNA mismatches arising from the deamination of 5-methyl cytosine (5-MeC) and cytosine, respectively. Recent studies have pointed at a role of TDG during the active demethylation of 5-MeC within CpG islands. TDG interacts with the histone acetylase CREB-binding protein (CBP) to activate CBP-dependent transcription. In addition, TDG also interacts with the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), resulting in the activation of RARα target genes. Here we provide evidence for the existence of a functional ternary complex containing TDG, CBP and activated RARα. Using global transcriptome profiling, we uncover a coupling of de novo methylation-sensitive and RA-dependent transcription, which coincides with a significant subset of CBP target genes. The introduction of a point mutation in TDG, which neither affects overall protein structure nor BER activity, leads to a significant loss in ternary complex stability, resulting in the deregulation of RA targets involved in cellular networks associated with DNA replication, recombination and repair. We thus demonstrate for the first time a direct coupling of TDG’s epigenomic and transcription regulatory function through ternary complexes with CBP and RARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Léger
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, 94011 Créteil, France; Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, 91440 Bures sur Yvette, France
| | - Caroline Smet-Nocca
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - CNRS UMR 8576, Group of NMR and Structural Biology, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - CNRS UMR 8576, Neuroplasticity Team, Université Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Arndt G Benecke
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, 91440 Bures sur Yvette, France; CNRS UMR 7224, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, 94011 Créteil, France; Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, 91440 Bures sur Yvette, France
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10
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Schäfer A, Karaulanov E, Stapf U, Döderlein G, Niehrs C. Ing1 functions in DNA demethylation by directing Gadd45a to H3K4me3. Genes Dev 2013; 27:261-73. [PMID: 23388825 DOI: 10.1101/gad.186916.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Active DNA demethylation regulates epigenetic gene activation in numerous processes, but how the target site specificity of DNA demethylation is determined and what factors are involved are still poorly understood. Here we show that the tumor suppressor inhibitor of growth protein 1 (Ing1) is required for targeting active DNA demethylation. Ing1 functions by recruiting the regulator of DNA demethylation growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45a (Gadd45a) to histone H3 trimethylated at Lys 4 (H3K4me3). We show that reduced H3K4 methylation impairs recruitment of Gadd45a/Ing1 and gene-specific DNA demethylation. Our results indicate that histone methylation directs DNA demethylation.
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11
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Talikka M, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Chaudhary N, Peck MJ, Hoeng J, Coggins CRE, Peitsch MC. Genomic impact of cigarette smoke, with application to three smoking-related diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:877-89. [PMID: 22989067 PMCID: PMC3491444 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.725244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that inhaled toxicants such as cigarette smoke can cause both irreversible changes to the genetic material (DNA mutations) and putatively reversible changes to the epigenetic landscape (changes in the DNA methylation and chromatin modification state). The diseases that are believed to involve genetic and epigenetic perturbations include lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), all of which are strongly linked epidemiologically to cigarette smoking. In this review, we highlight the significance of genomics and epigenomics in these major smoking-related diseases. We also summarize the in vitro and in vivo findings on the specific perturbations that smoke and its constituent compounds can inflict upon the genome, particularly on the pulmonary system. Finally, we review state-of-the-art genomics and new techniques such as high-throughput sequencing and genome-wide chromatin assays, rapidly evolving techniques which have allowed epigenetic changes to be characterized at the genome level. These techniques have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which exposure to environmental chemicals causes disease. Such mechanistic knowledge provides a variety of opportunities for enhanced product safety assessment and the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - N. Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - N. V. Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - N. Chaudhary
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - M. J. Peck
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - J. Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - M. C. Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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12
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Tamura RE, de Vasconcellos JF, Sarkar D, Libermann TA, Fisher PB, Zerbini LF. GADD45 proteins: central players in tumorigenesis. Curr Mol Med 2012; 12:634-51. [PMID: 22515981 PMCID: PMC3797964 DOI: 10.2174/156652412800619978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) proteins have been implicated in regulation of many cellular functions including DNA repair, cell cycle control, senescence and genotoxic stress. However, the pro-apoptotic activities have also positioned GADD45 as an essential player in oncogenesis. Emerging functional evidence implies that GADD45 proteins serve as tumor suppressors in response to diverse stimuli, connecting multiple cell signaling modules. Defects in the GADD45 pathway can be related to the initiation and progression of malignancies. Moreover, induction of GADD45 expression is an essential step for mediating anti-cancer activity of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and the absence of GADD45 might abrogate their effects in cancer cells. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion of the functions of GADD45 proteins, linking their regulation to effectors of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. The ramifications regarding their roles as essential and central players in tumor growth suppression are also examined. We also extensively review recent literature to clarify how different chemotherapeutic drugs induce GADD45 gene expression and how its up-regulation and interaction with different molecular partners may benefit cancer chemotherapy and facilitate novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, and Medical Biochemistry Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jaíra Ferreira de Vasconcellos
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Campinas, Brazil
- State University of Campinas, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Towia A Libermann
- BIDMC Genomics and Proteomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Luiz Fernando Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, and Medical Biochemistry Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- BIDMC Genomics and Proteomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Schrump DS. Targeting epigenetic mediators of gene expression in thoracic malignancies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1819:836-45. [PMID: 22507242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung and esophageal cancers and malignant pleural mesotheliomas are highly lethal neoplasms that are leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Presently, limited information is available pertaining to epigenetic mechanisms mediating initiation and progression of these neoplasms. The following presentation will focus on the potential clinical relevance of epigenomic alterations in thoracic malignancies mediated by DNA methylation, perturbations in the histone code, and polycomb group proteins, as well as ongoing translational efforts to target epigenetic regulators of gene expression for treatment of these neoplasms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Schrump
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rm. 4-3940, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1201, Bethesda, MD 20892-1201, USA.
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14
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Golbabapour S, Abdulla MA, Hajrezaei M. A concise review on epigenetic regulation: insight into molecular mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8661-94. [PMID: 22272098 PMCID: PMC3257095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for the regulation of transcription of imprinted genes and those that induce a totipotent state. Starting just after fertilization, DNA methylation pattern undergoes establishment, reestablishment and maintenance. These modifications are important for normal embryo and placental developments. Throughout life and passing to the next generation, epigenetic events establish, maintain, erase and reestablish. In the context of differentiated cell reprogramming, demethylation and activation of genes whose expressions contribute to the pluripotent state is the crux of the matter. In this review, firstly, regulatory epigenetic mechanisms related to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) reprogramming are discussed, followed by embryonic development, and placental epigenetic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Golbabapour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.A.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.A.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (M.A.A.); (M.H.)
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15
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Schug TT, Janesick A, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease susceptibility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:204-15. [PMID: 21899826 PMCID: PMC3220783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals have significant impacts on biological systems. Chemical exposures during early stages of development can disrupt normal patterns of development and thus dramatically alter disease susceptibility later in life. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with the body's endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic and immune effects in humans. A wide range of substances, both natural and man-made, are thought to cause endocrine disruption, including pharmaceuticals, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and other pesticides, and components of plastics such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. EDCs are found in many everyday products--including plastic bottles, metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food additives, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides. EDCs interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, activity, or elimination of natural hormones. This interference can block or mimic hormone action, causing a wide range of effects. This review focuses on the mechanisms and modes of action by which EDCs alter hormone signaling. It also includes brief overviews of select disease endpoints associated with endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus T Schug
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Cellular, Organ and Systems Pathobiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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16
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Mikaelsson MA, Miller CA. DNA methylation: a transcriptional mechanism co-opted by the developed mammalian brain? Epigenetics 2011; 6:548-51. [PMID: 21527830 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.5.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forming and maintaining behavioral memories is a complex process that involves, among other requirements, transcriptional regulation and systems communication. Here we review recent studies exploring the role of DNA methylation in these critical processes. Further, we suggest that, perhaps, the adult brain controls and utilizes the mechanism of DNA methylation in non-traditional ways that are waiting to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael A Mikaelsson
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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