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Chan B. Limiting factors in the accuracy of DFT calculation for redox potentials. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1177-1186. [PMID: 38311976 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated factors affecting the accuracy of computational chemistry calculation of redox potentials, namely the gas-phase ionization energy (IE) and electron affinity (EA), and the continuum solvation effect. In general, double-hybrid density functional theory methods yield IEs and EAs that are on average within ~0.1 eV of our high-level W3X-L benchmark, with the best performing method being DSD-BLYP/ma-def2-QZVPP. For lower-cost methods, the average errors are ~0.2-0.3 eV, with ωB97X-3c being the most accurate (~0.15 eV). For the solvation component, essentially all methods have an average error of ~0.3 eV, which shows the limitation of the continuum solvation model. Curiously, the directly calculated redox potentials show errors of ~0.3 eV for all methods. These errors are notably smaller than what can be expected from error propagation with the two components (IE and EA, and solvation effect). Such a discrepancy can be attributed to the cancellation of errors, with the lowest-cost GFN2-xTB method benefiting the most, and the most accurate ωB97X-3c method benefiting the least. For organometallic species, the redox potentials show large deviations exceeding ~0.5 eV even for DSD-BLYP. The large errors are attributed to those for the gas-phase IEs and EAs, which represents a major barrier to the accurate calculation of redox potentials for such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan
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2
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Chan B. DAPD Set of Pd-Containing Diatomic Molecules: Accurate Molecular Properties and the Great Lengths to Obtain Them. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9260-9268. [PMID: 38096563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we obtained reliable bond energy, bond length, and zero-point vibrational frequency for a set of diatomic Pd species (the DAPD set). It includes PdH, Pd2, and PdX (X = B, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, P, S, and Cl). Our highest-level protocol (W4X-L) represents scalar and spin-orbit relativistic, valence- and inner-valence correlated, extrapolated CCSDTQ(5) energy. The DAPD set of molecules is challenging for computational chemistry methods in different manners; for Pd2, the spin-orbit contribution to the bond energy is fairly large, whereas for PdC and PdSi, the post-CCSD(T) correlation components are considerable. The diverse range of requirements represents a significant challenge for lower-level methods. While density functional theory (DFT) methods generally yield good agreements for bond lengths and vibrational frequencies, large deviations are found for bond energies. In general, hybrid DFT methods are more accurate than nonhybrid functionals, but the agreement in individual cases varies. This illustrates the critical role that new high-quality reference data would play in the continual development of lower-cost methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Karton A, Chan B. Performance of local G4(MP2) composite ab initio procedures for fullerene isomerization energies. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chan B. Accurate Thermochemistry for Main-Group Elements up to Xenon with the W n-P34 Series of Composite Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5704-5714. [PMID: 34410730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we introduce the accurate Wn-P34 quantum chemistry composite methods with applicability to heavy p-block elements up to xenon. For a set of thermochemical properties for prototypical third- and fourth-row species and for a diverse set of small light-main-group species, they show accuracies of ∼3 kJ mol-1 or better. Overall, the Wn-P34 methods are comparable in accuracy to Wn, with a widened applicability to heavier elements. We have used Wn-P34 to compile the P34 set of accurate thermochemical values for heavy p-block species, and we have applied this set to assess a wide range of lower-cost methods. The results of our assessment show that the G4(MP2)-XK composite method provides adequate treatments for these species, but several widely used double-hybrid density functional theory (DH-DFT) methods show uncharacteristically large deviations. In contrast, we find it presently surprising that some pure and hybrid DFT methods such as TPSS and SCANh perform quite well. We hope that our findings and new tools would facilitate the application of computational chemistry for heavy elements, of which the properties are yet to be broadly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Chan B, Karton A, Raghavachari K. G4(MP2)-XK: A Variant of the G4(MP2)-6X Composite Method with Expanded Applicability for Main-Group Elements up to Radon. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4478-4484. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Santra G, Sylvetsky N, Martin JML. Minimally Empirical Double-Hybrid Functionals Trained against the GMTKN55 Database: revDSD-PBEP86-D4, revDOD-PBE-D4, and DOD-SCAN-D4. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5129-5143. [PMID: 31136709 PMCID: PMC9479158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
present a family of minimally empirical double-hybrid DFT functionals
parametrized against the very large and diverse GMTKN55 benchmark.
The very recently proposed ωB97M(2) empirical double hybrid
(with 16 adjustable parameters) has the lowest WTMAD2 (weighted mean
absolute deviation over GMTKN55) ever reported at 2.19 kcal/mol. However,
refits of the DSD-BLYP and DSD-PBEP86 spin-component-scaled, dispersion-corrected
double hybrids can achieve WTMAD2 values as low as 2.33 with the very
recent D4 dispersion correction (2.42 kcal/mol with the D3(BJ) dispersion
term) using just a handful of adjustable parameters. If we use full
DFT correlation in the initial orbital evaluation, the xrevDSD-PBEP86-D4
functional reaches WTMAD2 = 2.23 kcal/mol, statistically indistinguishable
from ωB97M(2) but using just four nonarbitrary adjustable parameters
(and three semiarbitrary ones). The changes from the original DSD
parametrizations are primarily due to noncovalent interaction energies
for large systems, which were undersampled in the original parametrization
set. With the new parametrization, same-spin correlation can be eliminated
at minimal cost in performance, which permits revDOD-PBEP86-D4 and
revDOD-PBE-D4 functionals that scale as N4 or even N3 with the size of the system.
Dependence of WTMAD2 for DSD functionals on the percentage of HF exchange
is roughly quadratic; it is sufficiently weak that any reasonable
value in the 64% to 72% range can be chosen semiarbitrarily. DSD-SCAN
and DOD-SCAN double hybrids involving the SCAN nonempirical meta-GGA
as the semilocal component have also been considered and offer a good
alternative if one wishes to eliminate either the empirical dispersion
correction or the same-spin correlation component. noDispSD-SCAN66
achieves WTMAD2 = 3.0 kcal/mol, compared to 2.7 kcal/mol for DOD-SCAN66-D4.
However, the best performance without dispersion corrections (WTMAD2
= 2.8 kcal/mol) is reached by revωB97X-2, a slight reparametrization
of the Chai–Head-Gordon range-separated double hybrid. Finally,
in the context of double-hybrid functionals, the very recent D4 dispersion
correction is clearly superior over D3(BJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Golokesh Santra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Reḥovot, Israel
| | - Nitai Sylvetsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Reḥovot, Israel
| | - Jan M. L. Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Reḥovot, Israel
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Sylvetsky N, Martin JML. Probing the basis set limit for thermochemical contributions of inner-shell correlation: balance of core-core and core-valence contributions. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1478140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitai Sylvetsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Reḥovot, Israel
| | - Jan M. L. Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Reḥovot, Israel
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Letterman RG, DeYonker NJ, Burkey TJ, Webster CE. Calibrating Reaction Enthalpies: Use of Density Functional Theory and the Correlation Consistent Composite Approach in the Design of Photochromic Materials. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9982-9997. [PMID: 27936738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquisition of highly accurate energetic data for chromium-containing molecules and various chromium carbonyl complexes is a major step toward calibrating bond energies and thermal isomerization energies from mechanisms for Cr-centered photochromic materials being developed in our laboratories. The performance of six density functionals in conjunction with seven basis sets, utilizing Gaussian-type orbitals, has been evaluated for the calculation of gas-phase enthalpies of formation and enthalpies of reaction at 298.15 K on various chromium-containing systems. Nineteen molecules were examined: Cr(CO)6, Cr(CO)5, Cr(CO)5(C2H4), Cr(CO)5(C2ClH3), Cr(CO)5(cis-(C2Cl2H2)), Cr(CO)5(gem-(C2Cl2H2)), Cr(CO)5(trans-(C2Cl2H2)), Cr(CO)5(C2Cl3H), Cr(CO)5(C2Cl4), CrO2, CrF2, CrCl2, CrCl4, CrBr2, CrBr4, CrOCl2, CrO2Cl2, CrOF2, and CrO2F2. The performance of 69 density functionals in conjunction with a single basis set utilizing Slater-type orbitals (STO) and a zeroth-order relativistic approximation was also evaluated for the same test set. Values derived from density functional theory were compared to experimental values where available, or values derived from the correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA). When all reactions were considered, the functionals that exhibited the smallest mean absolute deviations (MADs, in kcal mol-1) from ccCA-derived values were B97-1 (6.9), VS98 (9.0), and KCIS (9.4) in conjunction with quadruple-ζ STO basis sets and B97-1 (9.3) in conjunction with cc-pVTZ basis sets. When considering only the set of gas-phase reaction enthalpies (ΔrH°gas), the functional that exhibited the smallest MADs from ccCA-derived values were B97-1 in conjunction with cc-pVTZ basis sets (9.1) and PBEPBE in conjunction with polarized valence triple-ζ basis set/effective core potential combination for Cr and augmented and multiple polarized triple-ζ Pople style basis sets (9.5). Also of interest, certainly because of known cancellation of errors, PBEPBE with the least-computationally expensive basis set combination considered in the present study (valence double-ζ basis set/effective core potential combination for Cr and singly-polarized double-ζ Pople style basis sets) also provided reasonable accuracy (11.1). An increase in basis set size was found to have an improvement in accuracy for the best performing functional (B97-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Letterman
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Nathan J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Theodore J Burkey
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry and Computational Research on Materials Institute, The University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9573, United States
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Karton A. A computational chemist's guide to accurate thermochemistry for organic molecules. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
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Laury ML, Wilson AK. Examining the heavyp-block with a pseudopotential-based composite method: Atomic and molecular applications of rp-ccCA. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:214111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4768420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Chan B, Radom L. W1X-1 and W1X-2: W1-Quality Accuracy with an Order of Magnitude Reduction in Computational Cost. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:4259-69. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300632p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for
Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Sydney, Sydney,
NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Leo Radom
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence for
Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Sydney, Sydney,
NSW 2006, Australia
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Karton A, Martin JM. Explicitly correlated benchmark calculations on C8H8 isomer energy separations: how accurate are DFT, double-hybrid, and composite ab initio procedures? Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.698316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- a School of Chemistry , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Jan M.L. Martin
- b Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , TX 76203-5017 , USA
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