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Pleskač P, Fargeas CA, Veselska R, Corbeil D, Skoda J. Emerging roles of prominin-1 (CD133) in the dynamics of plasma membrane architecture and cell signaling pathways in health and disease. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:41. [PMID: 38532366 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-binding membrane glycoprotein selectively associated with highly curved and prominent membrane structures. It is widely recognized as an antigenic marker of stem cells and cancer stem cells and is frequently used to isolate them from biological and clinical samples. Recent progress in understanding various aspects of CD133 biology in different cell types has revealed the involvement of CD133 in the architecture and dynamics of plasma membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and cilia, including the release of extracellular vesicles, as well as in various signaling pathways, which may be regulated in part by posttranslational modifications of CD133 and its interactions with a variety of proteins and lipids. Hence, CD133 appears to be a master regulator of cell signaling as its engagement in PI3K/Akt, Src-FAK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK pathways may explain its broad action in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration or intercellular communication. Here, we summarize early studies on CD133, as they are essential to grasp its novel features, and describe recent evidence demonstrating that this unique molecule is involved in membrane dynamics and molecular signaling that affects various facets of tissue homeostasis and cancer development. We hope this review will provide an informative resource for future efforts to elucidate the details of CD133's molecular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pleskač
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Matsukuma H, Kobayashi Y, Oka S, Higashijima F, Kimura K, Yoshihara E, Sasai N, Shiraishi K. Prominin-1 deletion results in spermatogenic impairment, sperm morphological defects, and infertility in mice. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12514. [PMID: 37292088 PMCID: PMC10244806 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Spermatogenesis is a complex process orchestrated by several essential genes. Prominin-1 (Prom1/PROM1) is a gene that is expressed in the testis but with a poorly understood role in spermatogenesis. Methods We used Prom1 knockout (Prom1 KO) mice to assess the role of Prom1 in spermatogenesis. To this end, we performed immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting, β-galactosidase staining, and apoptosis assay. Additionally, we analyzed the morphology of sperm and assessed litter sizes. Results We observed that PROM1 is localized to the dividing spermatocytes in seminiferous epithelial cells, sperm, and columnar epithelium in the epididymis. In the Prom1 KO testis, an aberrant increase in apoptotic cells and a decrease in proliferating seminiferous epithelial cells were observed. Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) expression were also significantly decreased in Prom1 KO testis. In addition, a significantly increased number of epididymal spermatozoa with abnormal morphology and less motility was found in Prom1 KO mice. Conclusions PROM1 maintains spermatogenic cell proliferation and survival via c-FLIP expression in the testis. It is also involved in sperm motility and fertilization potential. The mechanism underlying the effect of Prom1 on sperm morphology and motility remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Matsukuma
- Department of Urology, School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Shintaro Oka
- Department of Urology, School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Erika Yoshihara
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Division of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and Technology IkomaNaraJapan
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Division of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and Technology IkomaNaraJapan
| | - Koji Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
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Carr BJ, Stanar P, Moritz OL. Distinct roles for prominin-1 and photoreceptor cadherin in outer segment disc morphogenesis in CRISPR-altered X. laevis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs253906. [PMID: 33277376 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in prominin-1 (prom1) and photoreceptor cadherin (cdhr1) are associated with inherited retinal degenerative disorders but their functions remain unknown. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate prom1-null, cdhr1-null, and prom1 plus cdhr1 double-null Xenopuslaevis and then documented the effects of these mutations on photoreceptor structure and function. Prom1-null mutations resulted in severely dysmorphic photoreceptors comprising overgrown and disorganized disc membranes. Cone outer segments were more severely affected than rods and had an impaired electroretinogram response. Cdhr1-null photoreceptors did not appear grossly dysmorphic, but ultrastructural analysis revealed that some disc membranes were overgrown or oriented vertically within the plasma membrane. Double-null mutants did not differ significantly from prom1-null mutants. Our results indicate that neither prom1 nor cdhr1 are necessary for outer segment disc membrane evagination or the fusion event that controls disc sealing. Rather, they are necessary for the higher-order organization of the outer segment. Prom1 may align and reinforce interactions between nascent disc leading edges, a function more critical in cones for structural support. Cdhr1 may secure discs in a horizontal orientation prior to fusion and regulate cone lamellae size.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 330-2550 Willow St., Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Paloma Stanar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 330-2550 Willow St., Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Orson L Moritz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 330-2550 Willow St., Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3N9, Canada
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Olsen CE, Cheung LH, Weyergang A, Berg K, Vallera DA, Rosenblum MG, Selbo PK. Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of scFvCD133/rGelonin: A CD133-Targeting Recombinant Immunotoxin for Use in Combination with Photochemical Internalization. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010068. [PMID: 31888091 PMCID: PMC7019722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and explore a novel CD133-targeting immunotoxin (IT) for use in combination with the endosomal escape method photochemical internalization (PCI). scFvCD133/rGelonin was recombinantly constructed by fusing a gene (scFvCD133) encoding the scFv that targets both non-glycosylated and glycosylated forms of both human and murine CD133/prominin-1 to a gene encoding the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) gelonin (rGelonin). RIP-activity was assessed in a cell-free translation assay. Selective binding and intracellular accumulation of scFvCD133/rGelonin was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. PCI of scFvCD133/rGelonin was explored in CD133high and CD133low cell lines and a CD133neg cell line, where cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. scFvCD133/rGelonin exhibited superior binding to and a higher accumulation in CD133high cells compared to CD133low cells. No cytotoxic responses were detected in either CD133high or CD133low cells after 72 h incubation with <100 nM scFvCD133/rGelonin. Despite a severe loss in RIP-activity of scFvCD133/rGelonin compared to free rGelonin, PCI of scFvCD133/rGelonin induced log-fold reduction of viability compared to PCI of rGelonin. Strikingly, PCI of scFvCD133/rGelonin exceeded the cytotoxicity of PCI of rGelonin also in CD133low cells. In conclusion, PCI promotes strong cytotoxic activity of the per se non-toxic scFvCD133/rGelonin in both CD133high and CD133low cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Elisabeth Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; (C.E.O.); (A.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Lawrence H. Cheung
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.H.C.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; (C.E.O.); (A.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; (C.E.O.); (A.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Daniel A. Vallera
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology-Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Michael G. Rosenblum
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.H.C.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Pål Kristian Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; (C.E.O.); (A.W.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22781469
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5
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Isolation and characterization of microvesicles from mesenchymal stem cells. Methods 2019; 177:50-57. [PMID: 31669353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells are currently under clinical investigation for multiple diseases. While their mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated, vesicles secreted by MSCs are believed to recapitulate their therapeutic potentials to some extent. Microvesicles (MVs), also called as microparticles or ectosome, are among secreted vesicles that could transfer cytoplasmic cargo, including RNA and proteins, from emitting (source) cells to recipient cells. Given the importance of MVs, we here attempted to establish a method to isolate and characterize MVs secreted from unmodified human bone marrow derived MSCs (referred to as native MSCs, and their microvesicles as Native-MVs) and IFNγ stimulated MSCs (referred to as IFNγ-MSCs, and their microvesicles as IFNγ-MVs). We first describe an ultracentrifugation technique to isolate MVs from the conditioned cell culture media of MSCs. Next, we describe characterization and quality control steps to analyze the protein and RNA content of MVs. Finally, we examined the potential of MVs to exert immunomodulatory effects through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Secretory vesicles from MSCs are promising alternatives for cell therapy with applications in drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy.
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Karbanová J, Lorico A, Bornhäuser M, Corbeil D, Fargeas CA. Prominin-1/CD133: Lipid Raft Association, Detergent Resistance, and Immunodetection. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:155-160. [PMID: 29271118 PMCID: PMC5788878 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface antigen prominin‐1 (alias CD133) has gained enormous interest in the past 2 decades and given rise to debates as to its utility as a biological stem and cancer stem cell marker. Important and yet often overlooked knowledge that is pertinent to its physiological function has been generated in other systems given its more general expression beyond primitive cells. This article briefly discusses the importance of particular biochemical features of CD133 with relation to its association with membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) and proper immunodetection. It also draws attention toward the adequate use of detergents and caveats that may apply to the interpretation of the results generated. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:155–160
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Karbanová
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Dresden, Germany.,DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Dresden, Germany.,DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Dresden, Germany
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Fargeas CA. Prominin-2 and Other Relatives of CD133. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 777:25-40. [PMID: 23161073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several molecules related to prominin-1/CD133, which was first characterized as a marker of mouse neuroepithelial stem cells and human hematopoietic stem cells, have been identified in various species. In mammals, a second prominin gene, prominin-2, has been identified and characterized, whereas in nonmammalian species, up to three prominin genes are potentially expressed. The structural similarities between prominin-1 and prominin-2 are, to some extent, reflected by their biochemical properties; both proteins are selectively concentrated in specific plasma membrane subdomains that protrude into the extracellular space and are released in small extracellular membrane vesicles. In contrast to the apically confined prominin-1, prominin-2 is distributed in a nonpolarized apico-basolateral fashion in polarized epithelial cells and appears to be expressed in separate epithelial cells. Their distinctive localization in plasma membrane protrusions is a hallmark of prominins, validating the naming of the family after its first identified member. Insights into the distinctive and/or complementary roles of the two prominins may be obtained by analyzing the evolutionary history of these proteins and the characteristics of orthologs and paralogs in more distantly related species. In addition, the characterization of prominins may shed light on the still elusive function of CD133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Fargeas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307, Dresden, Germany,
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8
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Corbeil D, Karbanová J, Fargeas CA, Jászai J. Prominin-1 (CD133): Molecular and Cellular Features Across Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 777:3-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen CT, Ettinger AW, Huttner WB, Doxsey SJ. Resurrecting remnants: the lives of post-mitotic midbodies. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 23:118-28. [PMID: 23245592 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Around a century ago, the midbody (MB) was described as a structural assembly within the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis that served to connect the two future daughter cells. The MB has become the focus of intense investigation through the identification of a growing number of diverse cellular and molecular pathways that localize to the MB and contribute to its cytokinetic functions, ranging from selective vesicle trafficking and regulated microtubule (MT), actin, and endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) filament assembly and disassembly to post-translational modification, such as ubiquitination. More recent studies have revealed new and unexpected functions of MBs in post-mitotic cells. In this review, we provide a historical perspective, discuss exciting new roles for MBs beyond their cytokinetic function, and speculate on their potential contributions to pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Chen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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10
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Cross species analysis of Prominin reveals a conserved cellular role in invertebrate and vertebrate photoreceptor cells. Dev Biol 2012; 371:312-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fargeas CA, Karbanová J, Jászai J, Corbeil D. CD133 and membrane microdomains: Old facets for future hypotheses. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4149-52. [PMID: 22039332 PMCID: PMC3203369 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i36.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding all facets of membrane microdomains in normal and cancerous cells within the digestive tract is highly important, not only from a clinical point of view, but also in terms of our basic knowledge of cellular transformation. By studying the normal and cancer stem cell-associated molecule CD133 (prominin-1), novel aspects of the organization and dynamics of polarized epithelial cells have been revealed during the last decade. Its association with particular membrane microdomains is highly relevant in these contexts and might also offer new avenues in diagnosis and/or targeting of cancer stem cells.
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Gaiser T, Camps J, Meinhardt S, Wangsa D, Nguyen QT, Varma S, Dittfeld C, Kunz-Schughart LA, Kemmerling R, Becker MR, Heselmeyer-Haddad K, Ried T. Genome and transcriptome profiles of CD133-positive colorectal cancer cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1478-88. [PMID: 21435437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinomas (CRC) might be organized hierarchically and contain a subpopulation of tumorigenic, putative cancer stem cells that are CD133 positive. We studied the biological and genetic characteristics of such cells in CRC cell lines and primary tumors. Three CRC cell lines were sorted in CD133 positive and negative fractions. The respective genetic aberration profiles were studied using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and expression profiling. Tumorigenicity for each cellular population was tested by injection into nude mice. Additionally, we compared CD133+ and CD133- cells of 12 primary colorectal tumors using laser capture microdissection and aCGH. Three of five CRC cell lines displayed both CD133+ and CD133- cells, but tumorigenicity of these subfractions did not differ significantly and aCGH revealed essentially identical genomic imbalances. However, 96 genes were differentially expressed between the two populations. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis after laser capture microdissection of CD133+ and CD133- areas in primary colorectal tumors revealed genetic differences in 7 of 12 cases. The use of cell lines for studying genomic alterations that define cancer stem cell characteristics, therefore, seems questionable. In contrast, CD133+ cells in primary cancer samples showed a unique genomic aberration profile. In conclusion, our data suggest that CD133 positivity defines a genetically distinct cellular compartment in primary CRC, which potentially includes tumor initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaiser
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bohl SR, Pircher A, Hilbe W. Cancer stem cells: characteristics and their potential role for new therapeutic strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:269-74. [PMID: 21577035 DOI: 10.1159/000327815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis many questions regarding cancer development and drug resistance can be answered more coherently than with the traditional model based on clonal evolution. CSCs are a small subset of cancer cells within the tumour that show stem cell characteristics like self-renewal, the capability to develop into multiple lineages and the potential to proliferate extensively, and are characterised by a typical profile of different markers like CD44 and CD133. In the CSC model, the role of embryonic pathways like Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch is of special interest. This review presents current scientific knowledge on this topic and discusses the potential role of CSC in the resistance against chemotherapy or radiation and presents challenging options for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan R Bohl
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology and Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Missol-Kolka E, Karbanová J, Janich P, Haase M, Fargeas CA, Huttner WB, Corbeil D. Prominin-1 (CD133) is not restricted to stem cells located in the basal compartment of murine and human prostate. Prostate 2011; 71:254-67. [PMID: 20717901 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent and human prominin-1 are expressed in numerous adult epithelia and somatic stem cells. A report has shown that human PROMININ-1 carrying the AC133 epitope can be used to identify rare prostate basal stem cells (Richardson et al., J Cell Sci 2004; 117:3539–3545). Here we re-investigated its general expression in male reproductive tract including mouse and human prostate and in prostate cancer samples using various anti-prominin-1 antibodies. METHODS The expression was monitored by immunohistochemistry and blotting. Murine tissues were stained with 13A4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) whereas human samples were examined either with the AC133 mAb recognizing the AC133 glycosylation-dependent epitope or 80B258 mAb directed against the PROMININ-1 polypeptide. RESULTS Mouse prominin-1 was detected at the apical domain of epithelial cells of ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ampullary glands, and all prostatic lobes. In human prostate, immunoreactivity for 80B258, but not AC133 was revealed at the apical side of some epithelial (luminal) cells, in addition to the minute population of AC133/80B258-positive cells found in basal compartment. Examination of prostate adenocarcinoma revealed the absence of 80B258 immunoreactivity in the tumor regions. However, it was found to be up-regulated in luminal cells in the vicinity of the cancer areas. CONCLUSIONS Mouse prominin-1 is widely expressed in prostate whereas in human only some luminal cells express it, demonstrating nevertheless that its expression is not solely associated with basal stem cells. In pathological samples, our pilot evaluation shows that PROMININ-1 is down-regulated in the cancer tissues and up-regulated in inflammatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Missol-Kolka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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Pearce-McCall D, Newman JP. Expectation of success following noncontingent punishment in introverts and extraverts. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986; 2:17. [PMID: 23815814 PMCID: PMC3701589 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-2-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that extraverts are more likely than introverts to continue responding in the face of punishment and frustrating nonreward (Newman & Kosson, 1984; Tiggemann, Winefield, & Brebner, 1982). The current study investigates whether extraverts' expectations for success are, similarly, resistant to interruption and alteration. To test this hypothesis, 50 introverted and 50 extraverted male undergraduates were exposed to pretreatment with either a 50% level of noncontingent reward or a 50% level of noncontingent punishment. As predicted, there were significant Group X Pretreatment interactions on all dependent measures. In comparison to those introverts who received the punishment pretreatment, extraverts exposed to the same pretreatment placed larger wagers on their ability to succeed, and reported higher levels of perceived control. In addition, relative to their estimates for the pretreatment task, extraverts exposed to noncontingent punishment increased their expectation for success, whereas introverts exposed to noncontingent punishment decreased their performance expectations. No differences were observed between the two groups following pretreatment with noncontingent reward. The results suggest that extraverts are characterized by a distinctive reaction to punishment involving response facilitation as opposed to response inhibition.
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