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Yang J, Lu J, Yang Y, Tian K, Kong X, Tian X, Scheu S. Earthworms neutralize the influence of components of particulate pollutants on soil extracellular enzymatic functions in subtropical forests. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15720. [PMID: 37551350 PMCID: PMC10404396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities are increasing the input of atmospheric particulate pollutants to forests. The components of particulate pollutants include inorganic anions, base cations and hydrocarbons. Continuous input of particulate pollutants may affect soil functioning in forests, but their effects may be modified by soil fauna. However, studies investigating how soil fauna affects the effects of particulate pollutants on soil functioning are lacking. Here, we investigated how earthworms and the particulate components interact in affecting soil enzymatic functions in a deciduous (Quercus variabilis) and a coniferous (Pinus massoniana) forest in southeast China. We manipulated the addition of nitrogen (N, ammonium nitrate), sodium (Na, sodium chloride) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, five mixed PAHs) in field mesocosms with and without Eisenia fetida, an earthworm species colonizing forests in eastern China. After one year, N and Na addition increased, whereas PAHs decreased soil enzymatic functions, based on average Z scores of extracellular enzyme activities. Earthworms generally stabilized soil enzymatic functions via neutralizing the effects of N, Na and PAHs addition in the deciduous but not in the coniferous forest. Specifically, earthworms neutralized the effects of N and Na addition on soil pH and the effects of the addition of PAHs on soil microbial biomass. Further, both particulate components and earthworms changed the correlations among soil enzymatic and other ecosystem functions in the deciduous forest, but the effects depended on the type of particulate components. Generally, the effects of particulate components and earthworms on soil enzymatic functions were weaker in the coniferous than the deciduous forest. Overall, the results indicate that earthworms stabilize soil enzymatic functions in the deciduous but not the coniferous forest irrespective of the type of particulate components. This suggests that earthworms may neutralize the influence of atmospheric particulate pollutants on ecosystem functions, but the neutralization may be restricted to deciduous forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Jingzhong Lu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Yinghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Tian
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangshi Kong
- Key Laboratory for Ecotourism of Hunan Province, School of Tourism and Management Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Sun K, Song Y, Zong W, Tang J, Liu R. Anthracene-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress: a combined study at molecular and cellular levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41458-41474. [PMID: 32683626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At present, research progress of anthracene's toxicity lags far behind the pollution caused on its application fields such as petroleum and minerals. In this paper, anthracene-induced oxidative stress effects and genetic toxicity were investigated at both the molecular and cellular levels. The intracellular oxidative stress effect of anthracene on earthworm primary coelomocyte was confirmed by the detection of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes activity, and malondialdehyde content. Moreover, after anthracene exposure, the decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability also indicated the adverse effects of anthracene on earthworm coelomocyte. The comet assay proved the break in DNA strand, revealing the anthracene-induced DNA damage. On the molecular level, we revealed that anthracene caused the shrinkage of the catalase skeleton and altered the microenvironment of chromophores of catalase by multi-spectral methods. Molecular simulation results indicated that anthracene interacted with His74 by "arene-arene" force and the dominant binding site between anthracene and catalase was close to the active site of catalase. In addition, anthracene was shown to bind to the DNA molecule by groove binding mode. This study proposed a new combined analysis method for the toxicity evaluation of anthracene at the cellular and molecular levels. Graphical abstract This study creatively proposed a new combined analysis for the toxicity evaluation of ANT at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Chen B, Pei N, Huang J, Liu S, Zhang N, Xiao Y, Pan Y. Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Precipitation in an Urban Forest of Guangzhou, South China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:240-245. [PMID: 26021616 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and fluxes were measured monthly in situ from rain events in an urban forest in the megapolitan city Guangzhou, China, to investigate impacts of forest canopy and soils on PAHs. Mean Σ9-PAH concentrations were 107.5, 101.6, 106.3, 107.1 and 42.4 ng L(-1) in precipitation, throughfall, seepage water at the 30 and 60 cm soil depth, and runoff, respectively, indicating a great decrease in the form of runoff. Meanwhile, annual fluxes of total PAHs decreased from precipitation (205.9 µg m(-2) year(-1)), to throughfall (156.3 µg m(-2) year(-1)), and to seepage water (65.3 µg m(-2) year(-1) at 30-cm soil depth and 7.5 µg m(-2) year(-1) at 60-cm soil depth), but increased in runoff (34.1 µg m(-2) year(-1)). When compared to precipitation, PAH fluxes decreased by 83.4% in runoff, with 29% contributed by forest canopy and 71% by soils. Soil biodegradation explained 18.2% of PAH reduction by the surface soil layer and 34.6% by the middle soil layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufeng Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China,
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