1
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Age-Related Changes in Bone-Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061273. [PMID: 34063923 PMCID: PMC8223980 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells is part of a strategy for the treatment of a large number of diseases. However, the source of the original stem cells for use is extremely important and determines their therapeutic potential. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have proven their therapeutic effectiveness when used in a number of pathological models. However, it remains an open question whether the chronological age of the donor organism affects the effectiveness of the use of MSC. The asymmetric division of stem cells, the result of which is some residential stem cells acquiring a non-senile phenotype, means that stem cells possess an intrinsic ability to preserve juvenile characteristics, implying an absence or at least remarkable retardation of senescence in stem cells. To test whether residential MSC senesce, we evaluated the physiological changes in the MSC from old rats, with a further comparison of the neuroprotective properties of MSC from young and old animals in a model of traumatic brain injury. We found that, while the effect of administration of MSC on lesion volume was minimal, functional recovery was remarkable, with the highest effect assigned to fetal cells; the lowest effect was recorded for cells isolated from adult rats and postnatal cells, having intermediate potency. MSC from the young rats were characterized by a faster growth than adult MSC, correlating with levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). However, there were no differences in respiratory activity of MSC from young and old rats, but young cells showed much higher glucose utilization than old ones. Autophagy flux was almost the same in both types of cells, but there were remarkable ultrastructural differences in old and young cells.
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2
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Dawes IW, Perrone GG. Stress and ageing in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5670642. [PMID: 31816015 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has long been speculation about the role of various stresses in ageing. Some stresses have beneficial effects on ageing-dependent on duration and severity of the stress, others have negative effects and the question arises whether these negative effects are causative of ageing or the result of the ageing process. Cellular responses to many stresses are highly coordinated in a concerted way and hence there is a great deal of cross-talk between different stresses. Here the relevant aspects of the coordination of stress responses and the roles of different stresses on yeast cell ageing are discussed, together with the various functions that are involved. The cellular processes that are involved in alleviating the effects of stress on ageing are considered, together with the possible role of early stress events on subsequent ageing of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gabriel G Perrone
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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3
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Protective Effect of the Hexanic Extract of Eryngium carlinae Inflorescences In Vitro, in Yeast, and in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030073. [PMID: 30917540 PMCID: PMC6466845 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the composition and antioxidant activity of the hexanic extract of Eryngium carlinae inflorescences by employing in vitro assays to measure antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. We also applied the hexanic extract to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under hydrogen peroxide-induced stress. Finally, we tested the extract in male Wistar rats with and without streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The compounds in the hexanic extract were analyzed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry, which revealed mainly terpenes and sesquiterpenes, including (Z)β-farnesene (38.79%), β-pinene (17.53%), calamene (13.3%), and α-farnesene (10.38%). In vitro and in S. cerevisiae, the extract possessed antioxidant activity at different concentrations, compared to ascorbic acid (positive control). In normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats, oral administration of 30 mg/kg of the extract reduced blood glucose levels; lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney and brain; protein carbonylation; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It also increased catalase activity in the brain, kidneys and liver. These findings show that this hexanic extract of E. carlinae inflorescences possessed antioxidant properties.
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4
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Deori NM, Kale A, Maurya PK, Nagotu S. Peroxisomes: role in cellular ageing and age related disorders. Biogerontology 2018; 19:303-324. [PMID: 29968207 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles essential for optimum functioning of a eukaryotic cell. Biogenesis of these organelles and the diverse functions performed by them have been extensively studied in the past decade. Their ability to perform functions depending on the cell type and growth conditions is unique and remarkable. Oxidation of fatty acids and reactive oxygen species metabolism are the two most important functions of these ubiquitous organelles. They are often referred to as both source and sink of reactive oxygen species in a cell. Recent research connects peroxisome dysfunction to fatal oxidative damage associated with ageing-related diseases/disorders. It is now widely accepted that mitochondria and peroxisomes are required to maintain oxidative balance in a cell. However, our understanding on the inter-dependence of these organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species is still in its infancy. Herein, we summarize findings that highlight the role of peroxisomes in cellular reactive oxygen species metabolism, ageing and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan M Deori
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Avinash Kale
- UM-DAE, Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Health Centre, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Pawan K Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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5
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Lutchman V, Dakik P, McAuley M, Cortes B, Ferraye G, Gontmacher L, Graziano D, Moukhariq FZ, Simard É, Titorenko VI. Six plant extracts delay yeast chronological aging through different signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50845-50863. [PMID: 27447556 PMCID: PMC5239441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has revealed six plant extracts that slow yeast chronological aging more efficiently than any chemical compound yet described. The rate of aging in yeast is controlled by an evolutionarily conserved network of integrated signaling pathways and protein kinases. Here, we assessed how single-gene-deletion mutations eliminating each of these pathways and kinases affect the aging-delaying efficiencies of the six plant extracts. Our findings imply that these extracts slow aging in the following ways: 1) plant extract 4 decreases the efficiency with which the pro-aging TORC1 pathway inhibits the anti-aging SNF1 pathway; 2) plant extract 5 mitigates two different branches of the pro-aging PKA pathway; 3) plant extract 6 coordinates processes that are not assimilated into the network of presently known signaling pathways/protein kinases; 4) plant extract 8 diminishes the inhibitory action of PKA on SNF1; 5) plant extract 12 intensifies the anti-aging protein kinase Rim15; and 6) plant extract 21 inhibits a form of the pro-aging protein kinase Sch9 that is activated by the pro-aging PKH1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pamela Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélissa McAuley
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Berly Cortes
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - George Ferraye
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonid Gontmacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Graziano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Éric Simard
- Idunn Technologies Inc., Rosemere, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Discovery of plant extracts that greatly delay yeast chronological aging and have different effects on longevity-defining cellular processes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16542-66. [PMID: 26918729 PMCID: PMC4941334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We discovered six plant extracts that increase yeast chronological lifespan to a significantly greater extent than any of the presently known longevity-extending chemical compounds. One of these extracts is the most potent longevity-extending pharmacological intervention yet described. We show that each of the six plant extracts is a geroprotector which delays the onset and decreases the rate of yeast chronological aging by eliciting a hormetic stress response. We also show that each of these extracts has different effects on cellular processes that define longevity in organisms across phyla. These effects include the following: 1) increased mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential; 2) augmented or reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species; 3) decreased oxidative damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids, and mitochondrial and nuclear genomes; 4) enhanced cell resistance to oxidative and thermal stresses; and 5) accelerated degradation of neutral lipids deposited in lipid droplets. Our findings provide new insights into mechanisms through which chemicals extracted from certain plants can slow biological aging.
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7
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Mitochondrial form, function and signalling in aging. Biochem J 2017; 473:3421-3449. [PMID: 27729586 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by a decline in mitochondrial mass and function in different tissues. Additionally, cell resistance to stress is frequently found to be prevented by higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These correlations strongly suggest mitochondria are key players in aging and senescence, acting by regulating energy homeostasis, redox balance and signalling pathways central in these processes. However, mitochondria display a wide array of functions and signalling properties, and the roles of these different characteristics are still widely unexplored. Furthermore, differences in mitochondrial properties and responses between tissues and cell types, and how these affect whole body metabolism are also still poorly understood. This review uncovers aspects of mitochondrial biology that have an impact upon aging in model organisms and selected mammalian cells and tissues.
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8
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Dakik P, Titorenko VI. Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles, Peroxisomes, the Endoplasmic Reticulum, the Plasma Membrane, Lipid Droplets, and the Cytosol during Yeast Chronological Aging. Front Genet 2016; 7:177. [PMID: 27729926 PMCID: PMC5037234 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies employing the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism have provided deep insights into molecular mechanisms of cellular and organismal aging in multicellular eukaryotes and have demonstrated that the main features of biological aging are evolutionarily conserved. Aging in S. cerevisiae is studied by measuring replicative or chronological lifespan. Yeast replicative aging is likely to model aging of mitotically competent human cell types, while yeast chronological aging is believed to mimic aging of post-mitotic human cell types. Emergent evidence implies that various organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol communications play essential roles in chronological aging of S. cerevisiae. The molecular mechanisms underlying the vital roles of intercompartmental communications in yeast chronological aging have begun to emerge. The scope of this review is to critically analyze recent progress in understanding such mechanisms. Our analysis suggests a model for how temporally and spatially coordinated movements of certain metabolites between various cellular compartments impact yeast chronological aging. In our model, diverse changes in these key metabolites are restricted to critical longevity-defining periods of chronological lifespan. In each of these periods, a limited set of proteins responds to such changes of the metabolites by altering the rate and efficiency of a certain cellular process essential for longevity regulation. Spatiotemporal dynamics of alterations in these longevity-defining cellular processes orchestrates the development and maintenance of a pro- or anti-aging cellular pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Dakik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University Montreal, PQ, Canada
| | - Vladimir I Titorenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University Montreal, PQ, Canada
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9
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Beach A, Richard VR, Bourque S, Boukh-Viner T, Kyryakov P, Gomez-Perez A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Feldman R, Leonov A, Piano A, Svistkova V, Titorenko VI. Lithocholic bile acid accumulated in yeast mitochondria orchestrates a development of an anti-aging cellular pattern by causing age-related changes in cellular proteome. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1643-56. [PMID: 25839782 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1026493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously revealed that exogenously added lithocholic bile acid (LCA) extends the chronological lifespan of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulates in mitochondria and alters mitochondrial membrane lipidome. Here, we use quantitative mass spectrometry to show that LCA alters the age-related dynamics of changes in levels of many mitochondrial proteins, as well as numerous proteins in cellular locations outside of mitochondria. These proteins belong to 2 regulons, each modulated by a different mitochondrial dysfunction; we call them a partial mitochondrial dysfunction regulon and an oxidative stress regulon. We found that proteins constituting these regulons (1) can be divided into several "clusters", each of which denotes a distinct type of partial mitochondrial dysfunction that elicits a different signaling pathway mediated by a discrete set of transcription factors; (2) exhibit 3 different patterns of the age-related dynamics of changes in their cellular levels; and (3) are encoded by genes whose expression is regulated by the transcription factors Rtg1p/Rtg2p/Rtg3p, Sfp1p, Aft1p, Yap1p, Msn2p/Msn4p, Skn7p and Hog1p, each of which is essential for longevity extension by LCA. Our findings suggest that LCA-driven changes in mitochondrial lipidome alter mitochondrial proteome and functionality, thereby enabling mitochondria to operate as signaling organelles that orchestrate an establishment of an anti-aging transcriptional program for many longevity-defining nuclear genes. Based on these findings, we propose a model for how such LCA-driven changes early and late in life of chronologically aging yeast cause a stepwise development of an anti-aging cellular pattern and its maintenance throughout lifespan.
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Key Words
- D, diauxic growth phase
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ETC, electron transport chain
- ISC, iron-sulfur clusters
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- MAM, mitochondria-associated membrane
- OS, oxidative stress
- PD, post-diauxic growth phase
- PMD, partial mitochondrial dysfunction
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- ST, stationary growth phase
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- WT, wild type
- anti-aging compounds
- cell metabolism
- cellular aging
- lithocholic bile acid
- longevity
- mitochondria
- mitochondrial proteome
- mitochondrial signaling
- signal transduction
- yeast
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Beach
- a Department of Biology; Concordia University ; Montreal , QC , Canada
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10
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Jazwinski S. Mitochondria to nucleus signaling and the role of ceramide in its integration into the suite of cell quality control processes during aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:67-74. [PMID: 25555678 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria to nucleus signaling has been the most extensively studied mode of inter-organelle communication. The first signaling pathway in this category of information transfer to be discovered was the retrograde response, with its own set of signal transduction proteins. The finding that this pathway compensates for mitochondrial dysfunction to extend the replicative lifespan of yeast cells has generated additional impetus for its study. This research has demonstrated crosstalk between the retrograde response and the target of rapamycin (TOR), small GTPase RAS, and high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways in yeast, all of which are key players in replicative lifespan. More recently, the retrograde response has been implicated in the diauxic shift and survival in stationary phase, extending its operation to the yeast chronological lifespan as well. In this capacity, the retrograde response may cooperate with other, related mitochondria to nucleus signaling pathways. Counterparts of the retrograde response are found in the roundworm, the fruit fly, the mouse, and even in human cells in tissue culture. The exciting realization that the retrograde response is embedded in the network of cellular quality control processes has emerged over the past few years. Most strikingly, it is closely integrated with autophagy and the selective brand of this quality control process, mitophagy. This coordination depends on TOR, and it engages ceramide/sphingolipid signaling. The yeast LAG1 ceramide synthase gene was the first longevity gene cloned as such, and its orthologs hyl-1 and hyl-2 determine worm lifespan. Thus, the involvement of ceramide signaling in quality control gives these findings cellular context. The retrograde response and ceramide are essential components of a lifespan maintenance process that likely evolved as a cytoprotective mechanism to defend the organism from diverse stressors.
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11
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Piano A, Leonov A, Svistkova V, Titorenko VI. Quasi-programmed aging of budding yeast: a trade-off between programmed processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, stress response, survival and death defines yeast lifespan. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3336-49. [PMID: 25485579 PMCID: PMC4614525 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.965063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that evolutionarily distant organisms share the key features of the aging process and exhibit similar mechanisms of its modulation by certain genetic, dietary and pharmacological interventions. The scope of this review is to analyze mechanisms that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae underlie: (1) the replicative and chronological modes of aging; (2) the convergence of these 2 modes of aging into a single aging process; (3) a programmed differentiation of aging cell communities in liquid media and on solid surfaces; and (4) longevity-defining responses of cells to some chemical compounds released to an ecosystem by other organisms populating it. Based on such analysis, we conclude that all these mechanisms are programs for upholding the long-term survival of the entire yeast population inhabiting an ecological niche; however, none of these mechanisms is a ʺprogram of agingʺ - i.e., a program for progressing through consecutive steps of the aging process.
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Key Words
- D, diauxic growth phase
- ERCs, extrachromosomal rDNA circles
- IPOD, insoluble protein deposit
- JUNQ, juxtanuclear quality control compartment
- L, logarithmic growth phase
- MBS, the mitochondrial back-signaling pathway
- MTC, the mitochondrial translation control signaling pathway
- NPCs, nuclear pore complexes
- NQ, non-quiescent cells
- PD, post-diauxic growth phase
- Q, quiescent cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RTG, the mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway
- Ras/cAMP/PKA, the Ras family GTPase/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway
- ST, stationary growth phase
- TOR/Sch9, the target of rapamycin/serine-threonine protein kinase Sch9 signaling pathway
- UPRER, the unfolded protein response pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum
- UPRmt, the unfolded protein response pathway in mitochondria
- cell growth and proliferation
- cell survival
- cellular aging
- ecosystems
- evolution
- longevity
- programmed cell death
- yeast
- yeast colony
- yeast replicative and chronological aging
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12
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Smith J, Wright J, Schneider BL. A budding yeast's perspective on aging: the shape I'm in. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:701-10. [PMID: 25819684 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215577584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is exemplified by progressive, deleterious changes that increase the probability of death. However, while the effects of age are easy to recognize, identification of the processes involved has proved to be much more difficult. Somewhat surprisingly, research using the budding yeast has had a profound impact on our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in aging. Herein, we examine the biological significance and implications surrounding the observation that genetic pathways involved in the modulation of aging and the determination of lifespan in yeast are highly complicated and conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Smith
- Department of Medical Education and Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Jill Wright
- Department of Medical Education and Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Brandt L Schneider
- Department of Medical Education and Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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13
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Mechanisms by which different functional states of mitochondria define yeast longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5528-54. [PMID: 25768339 PMCID: PMC4394491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functionality is vital to organismal physiology. A body of evidence supports the notion that an age-related progressive decline in mitochondrial function is a hallmark of cellular and organismal aging in evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. Studies of the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a unicellular eukaryote, have led to discoveries of genes, signaling pathways and chemical compounds that modulate longevity-defining cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms across phyla. These studies have provided deep insights into mechanistic links that exist between different traits of mitochondrial functionality and cellular aging. The molecular mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondria as signaling organelles in yeast aging have begun to emerge. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding mechanisms by which different functional states of mitochondria define yeast longevity, outline the most important unanswered questions and suggest directions for future research.
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14
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Rodríguez-Lombardero S, Rodríguez-Belmonte ME, González-Siso MI, Vizoso-Vázquez Á, Valdiglesias V, Laffón B, Cerdán ME. Proteomic analyses reveal that Sky1 modulates apoptosis and mitophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exposed to cisplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12573-90. [PMID: 25029545 PMCID: PMC4139861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sky1 is the only member of the SR (Serine–Arginine) protein kinase family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When yeast cells are treated with the anti-cancer drug cisplatin, Sky1 kinase activity is necessary to produce the cytotoxic effect. In this study, proteome changes in response to this drug and/or SKY1 deletion have been evaluated in order to understand the role of Sky1 in the response of yeast cells to cisplatin. Results reveal differential expression of proteins previously related to the oxidative stress response, DNA damage, apoptosis and mitophagy. With these precedents, the role of Sky1 in apoptosis, necrosis and mitophagy has been evaluated by flow-cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, biosensors and fluorescence techniques. After cisplatin treatment, an apoptotic-like process diminishes in the ∆sky1 strain in comparison to the wild-type. The treatment does not affect mitophagy in the wild-type strain, while an increase is observed in the ∆sky1 strain. The increased resistance to cisplatin observed in the ∆sky1 strain may be attributable to a decrease of apoptosis and an increase of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodríguez-Lombardero
- EXPRELA Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña, Campus A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain.
| | - M Esther Rodríguez-Belmonte
- EXPRELA Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña, Campus A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain.
| | - M Isabel González-Siso
- EXPRELA Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña, Campus A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain.
| | - Ángel Vizoso-Vázquez
- EXPRELA Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña, Campus A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, Campus A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain.
| | - Blanca Laffón
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, Campus A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain.
| | - M Esperanza Cerdán
- EXPRELA Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña, Campus A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain.
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15
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Leonov A, Piano A, Svistkova V, Titorenko VI. Cell-autonomous mechanisms of chronological aging in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIAL CELL 2014; 1:163-178. [PMID: 28357241 PMCID: PMC5354559 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A body of evidence supports the view that the signaling pathways governing
cellular aging - as well as mechanisms of their modulation by
longevity-extending genetic, dietary and pharmacological interventions - are
conserved across species. The scope of this review is to critically analyze
recent advances in our understanding of cell-autonomous mechanisms of
chronological aging in the budding yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. Based on our analysis, we propose a concept of a
biomolecular network underlying the chronology of cellular aging in yeast. The
concept posits that such network progresses through a series of lifespan
checkpoints. At each of these checkpoints, the intracellular concentrations of
some key intermediates and products of certain metabolic pathways - as well as
the rates of coordinated flow of such metabolites within an intricate network of
intercompartmental communications - are monitored by some checkpoint-specific
ʺmaster regulatorʺ proteins. The concept envisions that a synergistic action of
these master regulator proteins at certain early-life and late-life checkpoints
modulates the rates and efficiencies of progression of such processes as cell
metabolism, growth, proliferation, stress resistance, macromolecular
homeostasis, survival and death. The concept predicts that, by modulating these
vital cellular processes throughout lifespan (i.e., prior to an arrest of cell
growth and division, and following such arrest), the checkpoint-specific master
regulator proteins orchestrate the development and maintenance of a pro- or
anti-aging cellular pattern and, thus, define longevity of chronologically aging
yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Veronika Svistkova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Burstein MT, Titorenko VI. A mitochondrially targeted compound delays aging in yeast through a mechanism linking mitochondrial membrane lipid metabolism to mitochondrial redox biology. Redox Biol 2014; 2:305-7. [PMID: 24563847 PMCID: PMC3926115 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study revealed a mechanism of delaying aging in yeast by a natural compound which specifically impacts mitochondrial redox processes. In this mechanism, exogenously added lithocholic bile acid enters yeast cells, accumulates mainly in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and elicits an age-related remodeling of phospholipid synthesis and movement within both mitochondrial membranes. Such remodeling of mitochondrial phospholipid dynamics progresses with the chronological age of a yeast cell and ultimately causes significant changes in mitochondrial membrane lipidome. These changes in the composition of membrane phospholipids alter mitochondrial abundance and morphology, thereby triggering changes in the age-related chronology of such longevity-defining redox processes as mitochondrial respiration, the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, the preservation of cellular homeostasis of mitochondrially produced reactive oxygen species, and the coupling of electron transport to ATP synthesis.
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Key Words
- Aging
- Anti-aging natural compounds
- CL, cardiolipin
- IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- MLCL, monolysocardiolipin
- Mitochondrial lipids
- Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
- Mitochondrial redox biology
- Mitochondrial respiration
- OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
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Guaragnella N, Ždralević M, Lattanzio P, Marzulli D, Pracheil T, Liu Z, Passarella S, Marra E, Giannattasio S. Yeast growth in raffinose results in resistance to acetic-acid induced programmed cell death mostly due to the activation of the mitochondrial retrograde pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2765-2774. [PMID: 23906793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate whether and how a modification of mitochondrial metabolism can affect yeast sensitivity to programmed cell death (PCD) induced by acetic acid (AA-PCD), yeast cells were grown on raffinose, as a sole carbon source, which, differently from glucose, favours mitochondrial respiration. We found that, differently from glucose-grown cells, raffinose-grown cells were mostly resistant to AA-PCD and that this was due to the activation of mitochondrial retrograde (RTG) response, which increased with time, as revealed by the up-regulation of the peroxisomal isoform of citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 1, RTG pathway target genes. Accordingly, the deletion of RTG2 and RTG3, a positive regulator and a transcription factor of the RTG pathway, resulted in AA-PCD, as shown by TUNEL assay. Neither deletion in raffinose-grown cells of HAP4, encoding the positive regulatory subunit of the Hap2,3,4,5 complex nor constitutive activation of the RTG pathway in glucose-grown cells due to deletion of MKS1, a negative regulator of RTG pathway, had effect on yeast AA-PCD. The RTG pathway was found to be activated in yeast cells containing mitochondria, in which membrane potential was measured, capable to consume oxygen in a manner stimulated by the uncoupler CCCP and inhibited by the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A. AA-PCD resistance in raffinose-grown cells occurs with a decrease in both ROS production and cytochrome c release as compared to glucose-grown cells en route to AA-PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maša Ždralević
- CNR, Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Lattanzio
- CNR, Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Marzulli
- CNR, Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tammy Pracheil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Zhengchang Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Salvatore Passarella
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze per la Salute, Università del Molise, Via de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ersilia Marra
- CNR, Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Giannattasio
- CNR, Istituto di Biomembrane e Bioenergetica, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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18
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Adenine nucleotide translocase, mitochondrial stress, and degenerative cell death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:146860. [PMID: 23970947 PMCID: PMC3732615 DOI: 10.1155/2013/146860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles involved in ATP synthesis, apoptosis, calcium signaling, metabolism, and the synthesis of critical metabolic cofactors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with age-related degenerative diseases. How mitochondrial dysfunction causes cell degeneration is not well understood. Recent studies have shown that mutations in the adenine nucleotide translocase (Ant) cause aging-dependent degenerative cell death (DCD) in yeast, which is sequentially manifested by inner membrane stress, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loss, and progressive loss of cell viability. Ant is an abundant protein primarily involved in ADP/ATP exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane. It also mediates basal proton leak and regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Missense mutations in the human Ant1 cause several degenerative diseases which are commonly manifested by fractional mtDNA deletions. Multiple models have been proposed to explain the Ant1-induced pathogenesis. Studies from yeast have suggested that in addition to altered nucleotide transport properties, the mutant proteins cause a global stress on the inner membrane. The mutant proteins likely interfere with general mitochondrial biogenesis in a dominant-negative manner, which secondarily destabilizes mtDNA. More recent work revealed that the Ant-induced DCD is suppressed by reduced cytosolic protein synthesis. This finding suggests a proteostatic crosstalk between mitochondria and the cytosol, which may play an important role for cell survival during aging.
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19
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Leonov A, Titorenko VI. A network of interorganellar communications underlies cellular aging. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:665-74. [PMID: 23818261 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organelles within a eukaryotic cell respond to age-related intracellular stresses and environmental factors by altering their functional states to generate, direct and process the flow of interorganellar information that is essential for establishing a pro- or antiaging cellular pattern. The scope of this review is to critically analyze recent progress in understanding how various intercompartmental (i.e., organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol) communications regulate cellular aging in evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. Our analysis suggests a model for an intricate network of intercompartmental communications that underly cellular aging in eukaryotic organisms across phyla. This proposed model posits that the numerous directed, coordinated and regulated organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol communications integrated into this network define the long-term viability of a eukaryotic cell and, thus, are critical for regulating cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Essential roles of peroxisomally produced and metabolized biomolecules in regulating yeast longevity. Subcell Biochem 2013; 69:153-67. [PMID: 23821148 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of the peroxisome in oxidizing fatty acids, maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis and replenishing tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates is well known. Recent findings have broadened a spectrum of biomolecules that are synthesized and metabolized in peroxisomes. Emergent evidence supports the view that, by releasing various biomolecules known to modulate essential cellular processes, the peroxisome not only operates as an organizing platform for several developmental and differentiation programs but is also actively involved in defining the replicative and chronological age of a eukaryotic cell. The scope of this chapter is to summarize the evidence that the peroxisome defines yeast longevity by operating as a system controller that: (1) modulates levels of non-esterified fatty acids and diacylglycerol; (2) replenishes tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates destined for mitochondria; and (3) contributes to the synthesis of polyamines. We critically evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying the essential role of peroxisomally produced and metabolized biomolecules in governing cellular aging in yeast.
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Beach A, Burstein MT, Richard VR, Leonov A, Levy S, Titorenko VI. Integration of peroxisomes into an endomembrane system that governs cellular aging. Front Physiol 2012; 3:283. [PMID: 22936916 PMCID: PMC3424522 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome is an organelle that has long been known for its essential roles in oxidation of fatty acids, maintenance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and anaplerotic replenishment of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates destined for mitochondria. Growing evidence supports the view that these peroxisome-confined metabolic processes play an essential role in defining the replicative and chronological age of a eukaryotic cell. Much progress has recently been made in defining molecular mechanisms that link cellular aging to fatty acid oxidation, ROS turnover, and anaplerotic metabolism in peroxisomes. Emergent studies have revealed that these organelles not only house longevity-defining metabolic reactions but can also regulate cellular aging via their dynamic communication with other cellular compartments. Peroxisomes communicate with other organelles by establishing extensive physical contact with lipid bodies, maintaining an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to peroxisome connectivity system, exchanging certain metabolites, and being involved in the bidirectional flow of some of their protein and lipid constituents. The scope of this review is to summarize the evidence that peroxisomes are dynamically integrated into an endomembrane system that governs cellular aging. We discuss recent progress in understanding how communications between peroxisomes and other cellular compartments within this system influence the development of a pro- or anti-aging cellular pattern. We also propose a model for the integration of peroxisomes into the endomembrane system governing cellular aging and critically evaluate several molecular mechanisms underlying such integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal PQ, Canada
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22
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Manivannan S, Scheckhuber CQ, Veenhuis M, van der Klei IJ. The impact of peroxisomes on cellular aging and death. Front Oncol 2012; 2:50. [PMID: 22662318 PMCID: PMC3356858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles, which perform a plethora of functions including hydrogen peroxide metabolism and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Reactive oxygen species produced by peroxisomes are a major contributing factor to cellular oxidative stress, which is supposed to significantly accelerate aging and cell death according to the free radical theory of aging. However, relative to mitochondria, the role of the other oxidative organelles, the peroxisomes, in these degenerative pathways has not been extensively investigated. In this contribution we discuss our current knowledge on the role of peroxisomes in aging and cell death, with focus on studies performed in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvambigai Manivannan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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23
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Miceli MV, Jiang JC, Tiwari A, Rodriguez-Quiñones JF, Jazwinski SM. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential triggers the retrograde response extending yeast replicative lifespan. Front Genet 2012; 2:102. [PMID: 22303396 PMCID: PMC3266616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, loss of mitochondrial DNA (rho0) can induce the retrograde response under appropriate conditions, resulting in increased replicative lifespan (RLS). Although the retrograde pathway has been extensively elaborated, the nature of the mitochondrial signal triggering this response has not been clear. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was severely reduced in rho0 compared to rho+ cells, and RLS was concomitantly extended. To examine the role of MMP in the retrograde response, MMP was increased in the rho0 strain by introducing a mutation in the ATP1 gene, and it was decreased in rho+ cells by deletion of COX4. The ATP1-111 mutation in rho0 cells partially restored the MMP and reduced mean RLS to that of rho+ cells. COX4 deletion decreased MMP in rho+ cells to a value intermediate between rho+ and rho0 cells and similarly increased RLS. The increase in expression of CIT2, the diagnostic gene for the retrograde response, seen in rho0 cells, was substantially suppressed in the presence of the ATP1-111 mutation. In contrast, CIT2 expression increased in rho+ cells on deletion of COX4. Activation of the retrograde response results in the translocation of the transcription factor Rtg3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Rtg3–GFP translocation to the nucleus was directly observed in rho0 and rho+cox4Δ cells, but it was blunted in rho0 cells with the ATP1-111 mutation. We conclude that a decrease in MMP is the signal that initiates the retrograde response and leads to increased RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Miceli
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA
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