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Finsterer J. Biochemical and Chemical Myopathy as Isolated Initial Manifestation of a Mitochondrial Disorder in a Competitive Swimmer. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 24:103-105. [PMID: 36409342 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Isolated and asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase (hyper-CKemia) can be one of the initial manifestations of a mitochondrial disorder (MID). We present an asymptomatic patient with accidently detected isolated hyper-CKemia and respiratory chain dysfunction as indicators of a chemical and biochemical MID, respectively. A 23-year-old man who performed competitive sport (swimming) underwent workup for accidentally detected asymptomatic and isolated hyper-CKemia. Clinical neurologic examination was normal, but blood tests revealed elevation of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aldolase. Lactate stress testing on a bicycle ergometer was normal. Needle electromyography was noninformative, but muscle biopsy was indicative of a MID, and biochemical investigations revealed a combined complex-II, -III, and -IV defect. Hyper-CKemia persisted asymptomatically over the next 15 years, and he continued with his sports activities. In conclusion, asymptomatic hyper-CKemia together with multiple respiratory chain complex deficiencies can be the only manifestations of a MID over years. Asymptomatic chemical or biochemical MIDs may profit from continuous physical activity. Workup for isolated persisting hyper-CKemia may reveal subclinical mitochondrial pathology in single cases.
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Aldossary AM, Tawfik EA, Alomary MN, Alsudir SA, Alfahad AJ, Alshehri AA, Almughem FA, Mohammed RY, Alzaydi MM. Recent Advances in Mitochondrial Diseases: from Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Perspectives. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1065-1078. [PMID: 36164575 PMCID: PMC9508646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned cytoplasmic organelles that are responsible for the production of energy in eukaryotic cells. The process is completed through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by the respiratory chain (RC) in mitochondria. Thousands of mitochondria may be present in each cell, depending on the function of that cell. Primary mitochondria disorder (PMD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease associated with germline mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and/or nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes, and impairs mitochondrial structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be detected in early childhood and may be severe, progressive and often multi-systemic, involving a wide range of organs. Understanding epigenetic factors and pathways mutations can help pave the way for developing an effective cure. However, the lack of information about the disease (including age of onset, symptoms, clinical phenotype, morbidity and mortality), the limits of current preclinical models and the wide range of phenotypic presentations hamper the development of effective medicines. Although new therapeutic approaches have been introduced with encouraging preclinical and clinical outcomes, there is no definitive cure for PMD. This review highlights recent advances, particularly in children, in terms of etiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, molecular pathways and epigenetic alterations. Current therapeutic approaches, future advances and proposed new therapeutic plans will also be discussed.
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Aldossary AM, Ekweremadu CS, Offe IM, Alfassam HA, Han S, Onyali VC, Ozoude CH, Ayeni EA, Nwagwu CS, Halwani AA, Almozain NH, Tawfik EA. A Guide to Oral Vaccination: Highlighting Electrospraying as a Promising Manufacturing Technique toward a Successful Oral Vaccine Development. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:655-668. [PMID: 35812139 PMCID: PMC9257926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic metabolic diseases due to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or in the nuclear DNA (nDNA) (Rahman and Rahman, 2018). Some affected genes encode proteins with various functions, or structural RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). MIDs may also be caused by mutations in non-coding regions (e.g., D-loop of mtDNA) (Rahman and Rahman, 2018). Proteins involved in MIDs include enzymes, assembling factors, transport proteins, signaling proteins, pore proteins, and fusion/fission proteins (Gorman et al., 2016). The pathways most frequently affected by mutations in "mitochondrial genes" are the respiratory chain and the oxidative phosphorylation. Dysfunction of many other pathways (e.g., β-oxidation, pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex, and heme synthesis) may also manifest as MIDs (Hu et al., 2019). The estimated prevalence of MIDs is at least 1:5000 (Ng and Turnbull, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Pek NMQ, Phua QH, Ho BX, Pang JKS, Hor JH, An O, Yang HH, Yu Y, Fan Y, Ng SY, Soh BS. Mitochondrial 3243A > G mutation confers pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory properties in MELAS iPS derived endothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31641105 PMCID: PMC6805858 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder that is commonly caused by the m.3243A > G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene encoding for mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)). While clinical studies reported cerebral infarcts, atherosclerotic lesions, and altered vasculature and stroke-like episodes (SLE) in MELAS patients, it remains unclear how this mutation causes the onset and subsequent progression of the disease. Here, we report that in addition to endothelial dysfunction, diseased endothelial cells (ECs) were found to be pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammation due to high levels of ROS and Ox-LDLs, and high basal expressions of VCAM-1, in particular isoform b, respectively. Consistently, more monocytes were found to adhere to MELAS ECs as compared to the isogenic control, suggesting the presence of an atherosclerosis-like pathology in MELAS. Notably, these disease phenotypes in endothelial cells can be effectively reversed by anti-oxidant treatment suggesting that the lowering of ROS is critical for treating patients with MELAS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Min Qian Pek
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Qian Hua Phua
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hui Hor
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Omer An
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Henry He Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yang Yu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Tarnutzer AA, Straumann D, Salman MS. Neuro-ophthalmologic assessment and investigations in children and adults with cerebellar diseases. THE CEREBELLUM: FROM EMBRYOLOGY TO DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS 2018; 154:305-327. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63956-1.00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:487-494. [PMID: 28515908 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to summarize and discuss previous findings concerning renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). A literature review was performed using frequently used databases. The study identified that primary MIDs frequently present as mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS) at onset or in the later course of the MID. Occasionally, the kidneys are affected in MIDs. Renal manifestations of MIDs include renal insufficiency, nephrolithiasis, nephrotic syndrome, renal cysts, renal tubular acidosis, Bartter-like syndrome, Fanconi syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephrocalcinosis, and benign or malign neoplasms. Among the syndromic MIDs, renal involvement has been most frequently reported in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Leigh syndrome and mitochondrial depletion syndromes. Only in single cases was renal involvement also reported in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Pearson syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, coenzyme-Q deficiency, X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia, myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, growth retardation, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactacidosis, and early death, and hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure in infancy and alkalosis syndrome. The present study proposes that the frequency of renal involvement in MIDs is probably underestimated. Diagnosis of renal involvement follows general guidelines and treatment is symptomatic. Thus, renal manifestations of primary MIDs require recognition and appropriate management, as they determine the outcome of MID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Neurological Department, Municipal Hospital Rudolfstiftung, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Paulista de Medicina School, Federal University of São Paulo, Primeiro Andar CEP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the kind of haematological abnormalities that are present in patients with mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) and the frequency of their occurrence. METHODS The blood cell counts of a cohort of patients with syndromic and non-syndromic MIDs were retrospectively reviewed. MIDs were classified as 'definite', 'probable' or 'possible' according to clinical presentation, instrumental findings, immunohistological findings on muscle biopsy, biochemical abnormalities of the respiratory chain and/or the results of genetic studies. Patients who had medical conditions other than MID that account for the haematological abnormalities were excluded. RESULTS A total of 46 patients ('definite' = 5; 'probable' = 9; 'possible' = 32) had haematological abnormalities attributable to MIDs. The most frequent haematological abnormality in patients with MIDs was anaemia. 27 patients had anaemia as their sole haematological problem. Anaemia was associated with thrombopenia (n = 4), thrombocytosis (n = 2), leucopenia (n = 2), and eosinophilia (n = 1). Anaemia was hypochromic and normocytic in 27 patients, hypochromic and microcytic in six patients, hyperchromic and macrocytic in two patients, and normochromic and microcytic in one patient. Among the 46 patients with a mitochondrial haematological abnormality, 78.3% had anaemia, 13.0% had thrombopenia, 8.7% had leucopenia and 8.7% had eosinophilia, alone or in combination with other haematological abnormalities. CONCLUSION MID should be considered if a patient's abnormal blood cell counts (particularly those associated with anaemia, thrombopenia, leucopenia or eosinophilia) cannot be explained by established causes. Abnormal blood cell counts may be the sole manifestation of MID or a collateral feature of a multisystem problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlies Frank
- First Medical Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Austria
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Wong SSN, Goraj B, Fung CW, Vister J, de Boer L, Koene S, Smeitink J. Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine Pediatric MRI score. Mitochondrion 2016; 32:36-41. [PMID: 27865797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We developed the first user-friendly, semi-quantitative, and quick-to-perform Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine Pediatric MRI score (RCMM-PMRIS), focusing on the six most commonly described neuroimaging abnormalities in the literature. The RCMM-PMRIS was validated through individual review of 30 sets of brain MRI studies in 24 patients with genetically confirmed mitochondrial disorders by six raters. The application of RCMM-PMRIS can help to define the extent of the brain involvement and therefore to assess the radiological mitochondrial disease severity, to monitor disease progression and consequently to act as an outcome measure for treatment effects in patients with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Suet-Na Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Bozena Goraj
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cheuk-Wing Fung
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeroen Vister
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Koene
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Smeitink
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Frey S, Geffroy G, Desquiret-Dumas V, Gueguen N, Bris C, Belal S, Amati-Bonneau P, Chevrollier A, Barth M, Henrion D, Lenaers G, Bonneau D, Reynier P, Procaccio V. The addition of ketone bodies alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring complex I assembly in a MELAS cellular model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:284-291. [PMID: 27815040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ketogenic Diet used to treat refractory epilepsy for almost a century may represent a treatment option for mitochondrial disorders for which effective treatments are still lacking. Mitochondrial complex I deficiencies are involved in a broad spectrum of inherited diseases including Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes syndrome leading to recurrent cerebral insults resembling strokes and associated with a severe complex I deficiency caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. The analysis of MELAS neuronal cybrid cells carrying the almost homoplasmic m.3243A>G mutation revealed a metabolic switch towards glycolysis with the production of lactic acid, severe defects in respiratory chain activity and complex I disassembly with an accumulation of assembly intermediates. Metabolites, NADH/NAD+ ratio, mitochondrial enzyme activities, oxygen consumption and BN-PAGE analysis were evaluated in mutant compared to control cells. A severe complex I enzymatic deficiency was identified associated with a major complex I disassembly with an accumulation of assembly intermediates of 400kDa. We showed that Ketone Bodies (KB) exposure for 4weeks associated with glucose deprivation significantly restored complex I stability and activity, increased ATP synthesis and reduced the NADH/NAD+ ratio, a key component of mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, without changing the mutant load, mtDNA copy number was significantly increased with KB, indicating that the absolute amount of wild type mtDNA copy number was higher in treated mutant cells. Therefore KB may constitute an alternative and promising therapy for MELAS syndrome, and could be beneficial for other mitochondrial diseases caused by complex I deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Frey
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Geffroy
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Valerie Desquiret-Dumas
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France
| | - Naig Gueguen
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France
| | - Celine Bris
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France
| | - Sophie Belal
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Magalie Barth
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, F-49000, France.
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Kawarai T, Tajima A, Kuroda Y, Saji N, Orlacchio A, Terasawa H, Shimizu H, Kita Y, Izumi Y, Mitsui T, Imoto I, Kaji R. A homozygous mutation of VWA3B causes cerebellar ataxia with intellectual disability. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:656-62. [PMID: 26157035 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary cerebellar ataxia constitutes a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, occasionally accompanied by other neurological features. Genetic defects remain to be elucidated in approximately 40% of hereditary cerebellar ataxia cases in Japan. We attempted to identify the gene responsible for autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with intellectual disability. METHODS The present study involved three patients in a consanguineous Japanese family. Neurological examination and gene analyses were performed in all family members. We performed genome-wide linkage analysis including single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, copy-number variation analysis and whole exome sequencing. To clarify the functional alteration resulting from the identified mutation, we performed cell viability assay of cultured cells expressing mutant protein. RESULTS One homozygous region shared among the three patients on chromosomes 2p16.1-2q12.3 was identified. Using whole exome sequencing, six homozygous variants in genes in the region were detected. Only one variant, VWA3B c.A1865C, results in a change of a highly conserved amino acid (p.K622T) and was not present in control samples. VWA3B encodes a von Willebrand Factor A Domain-Containing Protein 3B with ubiquitous expression, including the cerebellum. The viability of cultured cells expressing the specific K622T mutation was proved to decrease through the activation of apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Mutated VWA3B was found to be likely associated with cerebellar degeneration with intellectual disability. Although a rare cause of cerebellar degeneration, these findings indicate a critical role for VWA3B in the apoptosis pathway in neuronal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kuroda
- Department of Clinical Research, Tokushima National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Saji
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC-IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Hideo Terasawa
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Centre, Himeji City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Centre, Himeji City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kita
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Brain and Heart Centre, Himeji City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takao Mitsui
- Department of Clinical Research, Tokushima National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Finsterer J, Frank M. Heterogeneous pathogenesis of mitochondrial neuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:e36-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Frank
- First Medical Department; Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung; Vienna Austria
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Kabekkodu SP, Chakrabarty S, Shukla V, Varghese VK, Singh KK, Thangaraj K, Satyamoorthy K. Mitochondrial biology: From molecules to diseases. Mitochondrion 2015. [PMID: 26210788 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Migraine genetics: current findings and future lines of research. Neurogenetics 2014; 16:77-95. [PMID: 25501253 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, migraine research has greatly advanced our current knowledge of the genetic contributions and the pathophysiology of this common and debilitating disorder. Nonetheless, this knowledge still needs to grow further and to translate into more effective treatments. To date, several genes involved in syndromic and monogenic forms of migraine have been identified, allowing the generation of animal models which have significantly contributed to current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these rare forms of migraine. Common forms of migraine are instead posing a greater challenge, as they may most often stem from complex interactions between multiple common genetic variants, with environmental triggers. This paper reviews our current understanding of migraine genetics, moving from syndromic and monogenic forms to oligogenic/polygenic migraines most recently addressed with some success through genome-wide association studies. Methodological issues in study design and future perspectives opened by biomarker research will also be briefly addressed.
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Gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases: Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy as the first candidate for a clinical trial. C R Biol 2014; 337:193-206. [PMID: 24702846 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders cannot be ignored anymore in most medical disciplines; indeed their minimum estimated prevalence is superior to 1 in 5000 births. Despite the progress made in the last 25 years on the identification of gene mutations causing mitochondrial pathologies, only slow progress was made towards their effective treatments. Ocular involvement is a frequent feature in mitochondrial diseases and corresponds to severe and irreversible visual handicap due to retinal neuron loss and optic atrophy. Interestingly, three clinical trials for Leber Congenital Amaurosis due to RPE65 mutations are ongoing since 2007. Overall, the feasibility and safety of ocular Adeno-Associated Virus delivery in adult and younger patients and consistent visual function improvements have been demonstrated. The success of gene-replacement therapy for RPE65 opens the way for the development of similar approaches for a broad range of eye disorders, including those with mitochondrial etiology such as Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON).
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The metabolic myopathies result from inborn errors of metabolism affecting intracellular energy production due to defects in glycogen, lipid, adenine nucleotides, and mitochondrial metabolism. This article provides an overview of the most common metabolic myopathies. RECENT FINDINGS Our knowledge of metabolic myopathies has expanded rapidly in recent years, providing us with major advances in the detection of genetic and biochemical defects. New and improved diagnostic tools are now available for some of these disorders, and targeted therapies for specific biochemical deficits have been developed (ie, enzyme replacement therapy for acid maltase deficiency). SUMMARY The diagnostic approach for patients with suspected metabolic myopathy should start with the recognition of a static or dynamic pattern (fixed versus exercise-induced weakness). Individual presentations vary according to age of onset and the severity of each particular biochemical dysfunction. Additional clinical clues include the presence of multisystem disease, family history, and laboratory characteristics. Appropriate investigations, timely treatment, and genetic counseling are discussed for the most common conditions.
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Huang WY, Jou MJ, Peng TI. mtDNA T8993G mutation-induced F1F0-ATP synthase defect augments mitochondrial dysfunction associated with hypoxia/reoxygenation: the protective role of melatonin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81546. [PMID: 24312318 PMCID: PMC3843685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background F1F0-ATP synthase (F1F0-ATPase) plays important roles in regulating mitochondrial function during hypoxia, but the effect of F1F0-ATPase defect on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/RO) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate how mtDNA T8993G mutation (NARP)-induced inhibition of F1F0-ATPase modulates the H/RO–induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the potential for melatonin, a potent antioxidant with multiple mitochondrial protective properties, to protect NARP cells exposed to H/RO was assessed. Methods And Findings NARP cybrids harboring 98% of mtDNA T8993G genes were established as an in vitro model for cells with F1F0-ATPase defect; their parental osteosarcoma 143B cells were studied for comparison. Treating the cells with H/RO using a hypoxic chamber resembles ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. NARP significantly enhanced apoptotic death upon H/RO detected by MTT assay and the trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability. Based on fluorescence probe-coupled laser scanning imaging microscopy, NARP significantly enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation and mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) accumulation in response to H/RO, which augmented the depletion of cardiolipin, resulting in the retardation of mitochondrial movement. With stronger H/RO stress (either with longer reoxygenation duration, longer hypoxia duration, or administrating secondary oxidative stress following H/RO), NARP augmented H/RO-induced mROS formation to significantly depolarize mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and enhance mCa2+ accumulation and nitric oxide formation. Also, NARP augmented H/RO-induced mROS oxidized and depleted cardiolipin, thereby promoting permanent mitochondrial permeability transition, retarded mitochondrial movement, and enhanced apoptosis. Melatonin markedly reduced NARP-augmented H/RO-induced mROS formation and therefore significantly reduced mROS-mediated depolarization of ΔΨm and accumulation of mCa2+, stabilized cardiolipin, and then improved mitochondrial movement and cell survival. Conclusion NARP-induced inhibition of F1F0-ATPase enhances mROS formation upon H/RO, which augments the depletion of cardiolipin and retardation of mitochondrial movement. Melatonin may have the potential to rescue patients with ischemia/reperfusion insults, even those associated with NARP symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan ; Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Taiwan
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Abstract
Cranial or cervical vascular disease is commonly associated with headaches. The descriptions may range from a thunderclap onset of a subarachnoid hemorrhage to a phenotype similar to tension type headache. Occasionally, this may be the sole manifestation of a potentially serious underlying disorder like vasculitis. A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to diagnose the disorder. Prompt recognition and treatment is usually needed for many conditions to avoid permanent sequelae that result in disability. Treatments for many conditions remain challenging and are frequently controversial due to paucity of well controlled studies. This is a review of the recent advances that have been made in the diagnosis or management of these secondary headaches.
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