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Zunaidi AA, Lim LH, Metali F. Heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in the Brassica species ( Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis and Brassica rapa L.): A pot experiment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29528. [PMID: 38655289 PMCID: PMC11036052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the heavy metal tolerance and accumulation capabilities of Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis (B. chinensis) and Brassica rapa L. (B. rapa) in a pot experiment, specifically focusing on cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). Agricultural topsoils were spiked with varying concentrations of these heavy metals (0 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 225 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) for each element. The experiment involved cultivating 15 pots each of B. chinensis and B. rapa over 60 days. Results indicated that both Brassica species experienced delayed germination, with B. chinensis exhibiting a significant drop in germination percentage to 53 % at the highest concentration (300 mg/kg), while B. rapa showed a tendency for an increased germination percentage of up to 80 % at elevated metal concentrations; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Both B. chinensis and B. rapa demonstrated a stable decline in growth rate from 0.05 cm/day to 0.04 cm/day with increasing heavy metal concentrations, and the he reduction in relative growth rate was significant at the highest concentration compared to the control. The stress tolerance index revealed a significant decrease in plant heights for B. chinensis, in contrast to the stable performance of B. rapa, showcasing the tolerance of B. rapa to toxic conditions. Despite insignificant differences in fresh biomass due to metal treatments, B. chinensis consistently yielded higher biomass, yet it had a lower edible index due to its higher root biomass. Leaf areas increased significantly in both species at higher soil treatments, while root lengths remained unchanged, suggesting their resilience to elevated heavy metal concentrations. Analysis of plant tissues (leaves, stems and roots) using ICP-OES revealed that B. rapa accumulated the highest Cd concentration (864 mg/kg), whereas B. chinensis accumulated the highest Pb concentration (953 mg/kg) in root parts. Both species significantly accumulated Cr in roots, demonstrating a sequestration mechanism. These findings suggest that both species, particularly, B. rapa possess strong tolerance and accumulation capabilities for non-essential heavy metals, making them potential hyperaccumulators for green remediation techniques in toxic soil environments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving these responses and validating phytoremediation potential in real-world scenarios is essential for developing sustainable soil management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adzrin Asikin Zunaidi
- Chemical Sciences Programme, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Lee Hoon Lim
- Chemical Sciences Programme, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Faizah Metali
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Shehzad J, Khan I, Zaheer S, Farooq A, Chaudhari SK, Mustafa G. Insights into heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species: physiological, biochemical, and molecular interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108448-108476. [PMID: 37924172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soil due to anthropogenic activities has led to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, posing toxic effects on plants by interacting with vital cellular biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Brassica species have developed complex physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for adaptability, tolerance, and survival under these conditions. This review summarizes the HM tolerance strategies of Brassica species, covering the role of root exudates, microorganisms, cell walls, cell membranes, and organelle-specific proteins. The first line of defence against HM stress in Brassica species is the avoidance strategy, which involves metal ion precipitation, root sorption, and metal exclusion. The use of plant growth-promoting microbes, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Rhizobium species effectively immobilizes HMs and reduces their uptake by Brassica roots. The roots of Brassica species efficiently detoxify metals, particularly by flavonoid glycoside exudation. The composition of the cell wall and callose deposition also plays a crucial role in enhancing HMs resistance in Brassica species. Furthermore, plasma membrane-associated transporters, BjCET, BjPCR, BjYSL, and BnMTP, reduce HM concentration by stimulating the efflux mechanism. Brassica species also respond to stress by up-regulating existing protein pools or synthesizing novel proteins associated with HM stress tolerance. This review provides new insights into the HM tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species, which are necessary for future development of HM-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Shehzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saira Zaheer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atikah Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, China.
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop growth and Development, Ministry of Agri-culture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Sumalan RL, Nescu V, Berbecea A, Sumalan RM, Crisan M, Negrea P, Ciulca S. The Impact of Heavy Metal Accumulation on Some Physiological Parameters in Silphium perfoliatum L. Plants Grown in Hydroponic Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1718. [PMID: 37111941 PMCID: PMC10146597 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), resulting from anthropogenic activities, are elements with high persistence in nature, being able to accumulate in soils, water, and plants with significant impact to human and animal health. This study investigates the phytoremediation capacity of Silphium perfoliatum L. as a specific heavy metal hyperaccumulator and the effects of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb on some physiological and biochemical indices by growing plants under floating hydroponic systems in nutrient solutions under the presence of heavy metals. One-year-old plants of S. perfoliatum grown for 20 days in Hoagland solution with the addition of (ppm) Cu-400, Zn-1200, Cd-20, Pb-400, and Cu+Zn+Cd+Pb (400/1200/20/400) were investigated with respect to the control. The level of phytoremediation, manifested by the ability of heavy metal absorption and accumulation, was assessed. In addition, the impact of stress on the proline content, photosynthetic pigments, and enzymatic activity, as being key components of metabolism, was determined. The obtained results revealed a good absorption and selective accumulation capacity of S. perfoliatum plants for the studied heavy metals. Therefore, Cu and Zn mainly accumulate in the stems, Cd in the roots and stems, while Pb mainly accumulates in the roots. The proline tended to increase under stress conditions, depending on the pollutant and its concentration, with higher values in leaves and stems under the associated stress of the four metals and individually for Pb and Cd. In addition, the enzymatic activity recorded different values depending on the plant organ, its type, and the metal concentration on its substrate. The obtained results indicate a strong correlation between the metal type, concentration, and the mechanisms of absorption/accumulation of S. perfoliatum species, as well as the specific reactions of metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Liviu Sumalan
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Vlad Nescu
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, 119 Calea Aradului, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Renata Maria Sumalan
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Manuela Crisan
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blvd., 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Petru Negrea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, 6 Bv. Vasile Parvan, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Sorin Ciulca
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (R.M.S.)
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Muthusaravanan S, Sivarajasekar N, Vivek JS, Vasudha Priyadharshini S, Paramasivan T, Dhakal N, Naushad M. Research Updates on Heavy Metal Phytoremediation: Enhancements, Efficient Post-harvesting Strategies and Economic Opportunities. GREEN MATERIALS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17724-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chaturvedi R, Favas P, Pratas J, Varun M, Paul MS. EDTA-Assisted Metal Uptake in Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica oleracea L.: Assessment of Toxicity and Food Safety. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:490-495. [PMID: 31222424 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on phytoextraction potential of radish and cabbage. Plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, proline and phenolics were significantly affected by the accumulation of heavy metals (HM). The metal uptake potential was increased significantly by the application of EDTA. Target hazard quotient (THQ) associated with exposure of these contaminants to food chain was calculated. Agronomic interventions to increase mineral levels in crops often increases the leaf concentrations only, the mineral concentration in edible portions are not increased at desired level due to low mobility of Zn in phloem. Since the leaves of both these crops are edible and a component of staple vegetarian diet, biofortification through Zn present in soil and its solubilization and mobilization through chelators can be implemented. However in no such instance these crops should be consumed when grown on Pb contaminated soil due to associated hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chaturvedi
- Department of Botany, St. John'S College, Agra, UP, 282 002, India.
| | - Paulo Favas
- School of Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pratas
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Do Petróleo E Geologia (Institute of Petroleum and Geology), Rua Delta 1, Aimutin Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Mayank Varun
- Department of Botany, St. John'S College, Agra, UP, 282 002, India
| | - Manoj S Paul
- Department of Botany, St. John'S College, Agra, UP, 282 002, India
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Gall JE, Boyd RS, Rajakaruna N. Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:201. [PMID: 25800370 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are released into the environment by both anthropogenic and natural sources. Highly reactive and often toxic at low concentrations, they may enter soils and groundwater, bioaccumulate in food webs, and adversely affect biota. Heavy metals also may remain in the environment for years, posing long-term risks to life well after point sources of heavy metal pollution have been removed. In this review, we compile studies of the community-level effects of heavy metal pollution, including heavy metal transfer from soils to plants, microbes, invertebrates, and to both small and large mammals (including humans). Many factors contribute to heavy metal accumulation in animals including behavior, physiology, and diet. Biotic effects of heavy metals are often quite different for essential and non-essential heavy metals, and vary depending on the specific metal involved. They also differ for adapted organisms, including metallophyte plants and heavy metal-tolerant insects, which occur in naturally high-metal habitats (such as serpentine soils) and have adaptations that allow them to tolerate exposure to relatively high concentrations of some heavy metals. Some metallophyte plants are hyperaccumulators of certain heavy metals and new technologies using them to clean metal-contaminated soil (phytoextraction) may offer economically attractive solutions to some metal pollution challenges. These new technologies provide incentive to catalog and protect the unique biodiversity of habitats that have naturally high levels of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Gall
- College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
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