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Zeng L, Yu T, Liu H, Li M, Wang J, Wang C, Xu P. IGF-1's protective effect on OSAS rats' learning and memory. Sleep Breath 2024:10.1007/s11325-024-03047-8. [PMID: 38858326 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) frequently experience cognitive dysfunction, which may be connected to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is thought to be closely associated with cognitive function, but its role in cognitive impairment caused by OSAS is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of IGF-1 on cognitive impairment in OSAS rats. METHODS Healthy male SD rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned into four groups: control group, CIH group, NS + CIH group, and IGF-1 + CIH group. All experimental rats except for those in the control group were exposed to intermittent hypoxic (IH) environments for 8 h per day over 28 days. Prior to daily exposure to IH, rats in the IGF-1 + CIH group received subcutaneous injections of IGF-1. The Morris water maze test was conducted on all experimental rats. Brain tissue testing methods included Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. RESULTS The rat model of OSAS was successfully established following exposure to CIH and exhibited significant cognitive impairment. However, daily subcutaneous injections of IGF-1 partially restored the impaired cognitive function in OSAS rats. Compared with the control group, there was a significant decrease in the expression levels of IGF-1, p-IGF-IR, and SYP in the CIH group; however, these expression levels increased significantly in the IGF-I + CIH group. CONCLUSION In OSAS rats, IGF-1 enhances learning memory; this effect may be linked to increased p-IGF-1R and SYP protein production in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
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Smardz J, Martynowicz H, Wojakowska A, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Mazur G, Wieczorek T, Wieckiewicz M. The meaning of the masticatory muscle tonic-type electromyographic pathway correlated with sleep bruxism and sleep-related breathing disorders - A polysomnographic study. Sleep Med 2020; 68:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhu X, Wang P, Liu H, Zhan J, Wang J, Li M, Zeng L, Xu P. Changes and Significance of SYP and GAP-43 Expression in the Hippocampus of CIH Rats. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:394-402. [PMID: 30911273 PMCID: PMC6428973 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptophysin (SYP) and growth-associated binding protein 43 (GAP-43) have been shown to be closely related to hippocampal synaptic plasticity in recent years. They are important molecular markers associated with synaptic plasticity. However, the role of SYP and GAP-43 in chronic intermittent hypoxic injury of the central nervous system needs to be further clarified. In this study, 25 adult male sprague dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (CON) and a chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH) with four time points as follows: 1 W, 2 W, 3 W, and 4 W. The behavioural changes (primarily learning and memory abilities) were observed by the Morris water maze in each group, consisting of 5 rats per group.The localization of SYP and GAP-43 in hippocampal CA1 neurons was observed, and the expression of SYP and GAP-43 in the hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that the mean oxygen saturation of the tail artery in CIH rats was less than that in normal rats (P < 0.05). The escape latency of CIH rats was longer than that of normal rats, and the number of space exploration platform crossings was less than that of normal rats. SYP-positive stained cells were yellow or brown and were mainly expressed on the cell membrane, while the GAP-43-positive staining was brown and was mainly expressed on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. The expression of SYP in plasma decreased gradually at the four time points for the CIH group (P < 0.05), while the expression of GAP-43 in the CIH 1W group increased (P < 0.05) and decreased gradually in the CIH 2 W, CIH 3 W and CIH 4 W groups (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
| | - Haijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
| | - Jing Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563003
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Conde SV, Sacramento JF, Guarino MP, Gonzalez C, Obeso A, Diogo LN, Monteiro EC, Ribeiro MJ. Carotid body, insulin, and metabolic diseases: unraveling the links. Front Physiol 2014; 5:418. [PMID: 25400585 PMCID: PMC4212612 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The carotid bodies (CB) are peripheral chemoreceptors that sense changes in arterial blood O2, CO2, and pH levels. Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis activate the CB, which respond by increasing the action potential frequency in their sensory nerve, the carotid sinus nerve (CSN). CSN activity is integrated in the brain stem to induce a panoply of cardiorespiratory reflexes aimed, primarily, to normalize the altered blood gases, via hyperventilation, and to regulate blood pressure and cardiac performance, via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. Besides its role in the cardiorespiratory control the CB has been proposed as a metabolic sensor implicated in the control of energy homeostasis and, more recently, in the regulation of whole body insulin sensitivity. Hypercaloric diets cause CB overactivation in rats, which seems to be at the origin of the development of insulin resistance and hypertension, core features of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Consistent with this notion, CB sensory denervation prevents metabolic and hemodynamic alterations in hypercaloric feed animal. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is another chronic disorder characterized by increased CB activity and intimately related with several metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. In this manuscript we review in a concise manner the putative pathways linking CB chemoreceptors deregulation with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and arterial hypertension. Also, the link between chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and insulin resistance is discussed. Then, a final section is devoted to debate strategies to reduce CB activity and its use for prevention and therapeutics of metabolic diseases with an emphasis on new exciting research in the modulation of bioelectronic signals, likely to be central in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia V Conde
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Sacramento
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria P Guarino
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal ; Health Research Unit - UIS, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Leiria, Portugal
| | - Constancio Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid, España
| | - Ana Obeso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid, España
| | - Lucilia N Diogo
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emilia C Monteiro
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ribeiro
- CEDOC, Centro Estudos Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
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Olea E, Agapito MT, Gallego-Martin T, Rocher A, Gomez-Niño A, Obeso A, Gonzalez C, Yubero S. Intermittent hypoxia and diet-induced obesity: effects on oxidative status, sympathetic tone, plasma glucose and insulin levels, and arterial pressure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:706-19. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00454.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) consists of sleep-related repetitive obstructions of upper airways that generate episodes of recurrent or intermittent hypoxia (IH). OSA commonly generates cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies defining the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Literature usually links OSA-associated pathologies to IH episodes that would cause an oxidative status and a carotid body-mediated sympathetic hyperactivity. Because cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies in obese patients and those with OSAS are analogous, we used models (24-wk-old Wistar rats) of IH (applied from weeks 22 to 24) and diet-induced obesity (O; animals fed a high-fat diet from weeks 12 to 24) to define the effect of each individual maneuver and their combination on the oxidative status and sympathetic tone of animals, and to quantify cardiovascular and metabolic parameters and their deviation from normality. We found that IH and O cause an oxidative status (increased lipid peroxides and diminished activities of superoxide dismutases), an inflammatory status (augmented C-reactive protein and nuclear factor kappa-B activation), and sympathetic hyperactivity (augmented plasma and renal artery catecholamine levels and synthesis rate); combined treatments worsened those alterations. IH and O augmented liver lipid content and plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, glycemia, insulin levels, and HOMA index, and caused hypertension; most of these parameters were aggravated when IH and O were combined. IH diminished ventilatory response to hypoxia, and hypercapnia and O created a restrictive ventilatory pattern; a combination of treatments led to restrictive hypoventilation. Data demonstrate that IH and O cause comparable metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies via misregulation of the redox status and sympathetic hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Olea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Agapito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gallego-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
| | - Asuncion Rocher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Niño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
| | - Ana Obeso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
| | - Constancio Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
| | - Sara Yubero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, Vallodolid, Spain; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Institute of Salud Carlos III, Vallodolid, Spain
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Messenger SA, Moreau JM, Ciriello J. Effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on leptin and leptin receptor protein expression in the carotid body. Brain Res 2013; 1513:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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