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Bellone R, Failloux AB. The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584846. [PMID: 33101259 PMCID: PMC7545027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases having the greatest impact on human health are typically prevalent in the tropical belt of the world. However, these diseases are conquering temperate regions, raising the question of the role of temperature on their dynamics and expansion. Temperature is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting, in many ways, insect vectors and the pathogens they transmit. Here, we debate the veracity of this claim by synthesizing current knowledge on the effects of temperature on arboviruses and their vectors, as well as the outcome of their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bellone
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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2
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Guðbrandsson J, Kapralova KH, Franzdóttir SR, Bergsveinsdóttir ÞM, Hafstað V, Jónsson ZO, Snorrason SS, Pálsson A. Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10964-10983. [PMID: 31641448 PMCID: PMC6802010 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of diverse ecological niches can promote adaptation of trophic specializations and related traits, as has been repeatedly observed in evolutionary radiations of freshwater fish. The role of genetics, environment, and history in ecologically driven divergence and adaptation, can be studied on adaptive radiations or populations showing ecological polymorphism. Salmonids, especially the Salvelinus genus, are renowned for both phenotypic diversity and polymorphism. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) invaded Icelandic streams during the glacial retreat (about 10,000 years ago) and exhibits many instances of sympatric polymorphism. Particularly, well studied are the four morphs in Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland. The small benthic (SB), large benthic (LB), planktivorous (PL), and piscivorous (PI) charr differ in many regards, including size, form, and life history traits. To investigate relatedness and genomic differentiation between morphs, we identified variable sites from RNA-sequencing data from three of those morphs and verified 22 variants in population samples. The data reveal genetic differences between the morphs, with the two benthic morphs being more similar and the PL-charr more genetically different. The markers with high differentiation map to all linkage groups, suggesting ancient and pervasive genetic separation of these three morphs. Furthermore, GO analyses suggest differences in collagen metabolism, odontogenesis, and sensory systems between PL-charr and the benthic morphs. Genotyping in population samples from all four morphs confirms the genetic separation and indicates that the PI-charr are less genetically distinct than the other three morphs. The genetic separation of the other three morphs indicates certain degree of reproductive isolation. The extent of gene flow between the morphs and the nature of reproductive barriers between them remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jóhannes Guðbrandsson
- Institute of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- Marine and Freshwater Research InstituteReykjavikIceland
| | - Kalina H. Kapralova
- Institute of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Sigríður R. Franzdóttir
- Institute of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- Biomedical CenterUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | | | - Völundur Hafstað
- Institute of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Zophonías O. Jónsson
- Institute of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- Biomedical CenterUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | | | - Arnar Pálsson
- Institute of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
- Biomedical CenterUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
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3
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Velotta JP, Cheviron ZA. Remodeling Ancestral Phenotypic Plasticity in Local Adaptation: A New Framework to Explore the Role of Genetic Compensation in the Evolution of Homeostasis. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:1098-1110. [PMID: 30272147 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is not universally adaptive. In certain cases, plasticity can result in phenotypic shifts that reduce fitness relative to the un-induced state. A common cause of such maladaptive plasticity is the co-option of ancestral developmental and physiological response systems to meet novel challenges. Because these systems evolved to meet specific challenges in an ancestral environment (e.g., localized and transient hypoxia), their co-option to meet a similar, but novel, stressor (e.g., reductions in ambient pO2 at high elevation) can lead to misdirected responses that reduce fitness. In such cases, natural selection should act to remodel phenotypic plasticity to suppress the expression of these maladaptive responses. Because these maladaptive responses reduce the fitness of colonizers in new environments, this remodeling of ancestral plasticity may be among the earliest steps in adaptive walks toward new local optima. Genetic compensation has been proposed as a general form of adaptive evolution that leads to the suppression of maladaptive plasticity to restore the ancestral trait value in the face of novel stimuli. Given their central role in the regulation of basic physiological functions, we argue that genetic compensation may often be achieved by modifications of homeostatic regulatory systems. We further suggest that genetic compensation to modify homeostatic systems can be achieved by two alternative strategies that differ in their mechanistic underpinnings; to our knowledge, these strategies have not been formally recognized by previous workers. We then consider how the mechanistic details of these alternative strategies may constrain their evolution. These considerations lead us to argue that genetic compensation is most likely to evolve by compensatory physiological changes that safeguard internal homeostatic conditions to prevent the expression of maladaptive portions of conserved reaction norms, rather than direct evolution of plasticity itself. Finally, we outline a simple experimental framework to test this hypothesis. Our goal is to stimulate research aimed at providing a deeper mechanistic understanding of whether and how phenotypic plasticity can be remodeled following environmental shifts that render ancestral responses maladaptive, an issue with increasing importance in our current era of rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Velotta
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Zachary A Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Coggins BL, Collins JW, Holbrook KJ, Yampolsky LY. Antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and lipid composition changes during long-term and short-term thermal acclimation in Daphnia. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:1091-1106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li G, Deng Y, Geng Y, Zhou C, Wang Y, Zhang W, Song Z, Gao L, Yang J. Differentially Expressed microRNAs and Target Genes Associated with Plastic Internode Elongation in Alternanthera philoxeroides in Contrasting Hydrological Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2078. [PMID: 29259617 PMCID: PMC5723390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is crucial for plants to survive in changing environments. Discovering microRNAs, identifying their targets and further inferring microRNA functions in mediating plastic developmental responses to environmental changes have been a critical strategy for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity. In this study, the dynamic expression patterns of microRNAs under contrasting hydrological habitats in the amphibious species Alternanthera philoxeroides were identified by time course expression profiling using high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 128 known and 18 novel microRNAs were found to be differentially expressed under contrasting hydrological habitats. The microRNA:mRNA pairs potentially associated with plastic internode elongation were identified by integrative analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles, and were validated by qRT-PCR and 5' RLM-RACE. The results showed that both the universal microRNAs conserved across different plants and the unique microRNAs novelly identified in A. philoxeroides were involved in the responses to varied water regimes. The results also showed that most of the differentially expressed microRNAs were transiently up-/down-regulated at certain time points during the treatments. The fine-scale temporal changes in microRNA expression highlighted the importance of time-series sampling in identifying stress-responsive microRNAs and analyzing their role in stress response/tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupeng Geng
- Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengchuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lexuan Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lexuan Gao, Ji Yang,
| | - Ji Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lexuan Gao, Ji Yang,
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Ergon T, Ergon R. When three traits make a line: evolution of phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation through linear reaction norms in stochastic environments. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:486-500. [PMID: 27862551 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic assimilation emerges from selection on phenotypic plasticity. Yet, commonly used quantitative genetics models of linear reaction norms considering intercept and slope as traits do not mimic the full process of genetic assimilation. We argue that intercept-slope reaction norm models are insufficient representations of genetic effects on linear reaction norms and that considering reaction norm intercept as a trait is unfortunate because the definition of this trait relates to a specific environmental value (zero) and confounds genetic effects on reaction norm elevation with genetic effects on environmental perception. Instead, we suggest a model with three traits representing genetic effects that, respectively, (i) are independent of the environment, (ii) alter the sensitivity of the phenotype to the environment and (iii) determine how the organism perceives the environment. The model predicts that, given sufficient additive genetic variation in environmental perception, the environmental value at which reaction norms tend to cross will respond rapidly to selection after an abrupt environmental change, and eventually becomes equal to the new mean environment. This readjustment of the zone of canalization becomes completed without changes in genetic correlations, genetic drift or imposing any fitness costs of maintaining plasticity. The asymptotic evolutionary outcome of this three-trait linear reaction norm generally entails a lower degree of phenotypic plasticity than the two-trait model, and maximum expected fitness does not occur at the mean trait values in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ergon
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Ergon
- University College of Southeast Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway
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Pistore A, Barry T, Bowles E, Sharma R, Vanderzwan S, Rogers S, Jamniczky H. Characterizing phenotypic divergence using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics in four populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus; Pisces: Gasterosteidae) in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) is a vertebrate model for the study of the relationship between phenotype and environment in facilitating rapid evolutionary change. Using four populations from a system of lakes in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, and microcomputed tomography and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we test the hypothesis that stickleback populations inhabiting freshwater environments display cranial phenotypes that are intermediate between the putative ancestral form and the low-plated freshwater populations that demonstrate substantial divergence toward new phenotypic optima. We further test the hypothesis that phenotypic covariance structure is disrupted in the context of such putatively recent adaptive events. We report significant phenotypic differences among all four populations that includes a component of sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, we show evidence of disrupted phenotypic covariance structure among these populations. Taken together, these findings indicate the importance of phenotypic quantification as a key step in elucidating both the ecological processes responsible for rapid adaptive radiations and the role of developmental mechanisms in biasing evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Pistore
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - T.N. Barry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - E. Bowles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - R. Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S.L. Vanderzwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S.M. Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - H.A. Jamniczky
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Lohaus R, Van de Peer Y. Of dups and dinos: evolution at the K/Pg boundary. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 30:62-9. [PMID: 26894611 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen years into sequencing entire plant genomes, more than 30 paleopolyploidy events could be mapped on the tree of flowering plants (and many more when also transcriptome data sets are considered). While some genome duplications are very old and have occurred early in the evolution of dicots and monocots, or even before, others are more recent and seem to have occurred independently in many different plant lineages. Strikingly, a majority of these duplications date somewhere between 55 and 75 million years ago (mya), and thus likely correlate with the K/Pg boundary. If true, this would suggest that plants that had their genome duplicated at that time, had an increased chance to survive the most recent mass extinction event, at 66mya, which wiped out a majority of plant and animal life, including all non-avian dinosaurs. Here, we review several processes, both neutral and adaptive, that might explain the establishment of polyploid plants, following the K/Pg mass extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Lohaus
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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9
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Levis NA, Schooler ML, Johnson JR, Collyer ML. Non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity: the effects of terrestrial and aquatic herbicides on larval salamander morphology and swim speed. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Levis
- Department of Biology; Western Kentucky University; Bowling Green KY 42101 USA
| | | | - Jarrett R. Johnson
- Department of Biology; Western Kentucky University; Bowling Green KY 42101 USA
| | - Michael L. Collyer
- Department of Biology; Western Kentucky University; Bowling Green KY 42101 USA
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10
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Jamniczky HA, Barry TN, Rogers SM. Eco-evo-devo in the Study of Adaptive Divergence: Examples from Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:166-78. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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11
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Wang L, Yang S, Han L, Fan D, Zhao K. Phenotypic plasticity of HSP70s gene expression during diapause: signs of evolutionary responses to cold stress among Soybean Pod Borer populations (Leguminivora glycinivorella) in Northeast of China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109465. [PMID: 25330365 PMCID: PMC4198119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella Matsumura) successfully survives the winter because of its high expression of 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) during its overwintering diapause. The amount of HSP70s is different under different environmental stresses. In this study, inducible heat shock protein 70 and its constitutive heat shock cognate 70 were cloned by RT-PCR and RACE. These genes were named Lg-hsp70 and Lg-hsc70, respectively. Gene transcription and protein expression after cold stress treatment (5°C to −5°C) were analyzed by western blotting and by qRT-PCR for four populations that were sampled in the northeast region of China, including Shenyang, Gongzhuling, Harbin and Heihe, when the soybean pod borer was in diapause. As the cold shock temperature decreased, the levels of Lg-HSP70s were significantly up-regulated. The amount of cold-induced Lg-HSP70s was highest in the southernmost population (Shenyang, 41°50′N) and lowest in the northernmost population (Heihe, 50°22′N). These results support the hypothesis that the soybean pod borer in the northeast region of China displays phenotypic plasticity, and the accumulation of Lg-HSP70s is a strategy for overcoming environmental stress. These results also suggest that the induction of HSP70 synthesis, which is a complex physiological adaptation, can evolve quickly and inherit stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lanlan Han
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Fan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kuijun Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Morris MRJ, Richard R, Leder EH, Barrett RDH, Aubin-Horth N, Rogers SM. Gene expression plasticity evolves in response to colonization of freshwater lakes in threespine stickleback. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3226-40. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. J. Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Romain Richard
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Erica H. Leder
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Vesilinnantie; Department of Biological Sciences; University of Turku; 20014 Turku Finland
| | - Rowan D. H. Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology; McGill University; 859 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC Canada H2J 3G5
| | - Nadia Aubin-Horth
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Sean M. Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4
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