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Danielak-Czech B, Kozubska-Sobocińska A, Smołucha G, Babicz M. Breeding and Economic Aspects of Cytogenetic Screening Studies of Pigs Qualified for Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1200. [PMID: 32679919 PMCID: PMC7401512 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic monitoring allows the identification and early removal of pigs affected by inherited karyotype defects from breeding herds. These abnormalities cause developmental anomalies, considerably reducing the fertility (by several dozen to 100%) and performance parameters of breeding herds, resulting in substantial financial losses. This mainly concerns reciprocal translocations, typical of pigs, which are highly prevalent (about 0.46%), generally occur de novo, and normally result in low breeding soundness of the carriers. Due to the potential spontaneous occurrence of chromosomal aberrations and the rapid spread of these genetic defects in the population, especially under artificial insemination conditions, it is necessary to perform routine karyotype screening of animals qualified for reproduction. The cytogenetic screening program for young boars, carried out using continually refined diagnostic techniques, permits a precise and reliable karyotype assessment, identification of chromosomal abnormalities, and formulation of specific selection guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Danielak-Czech
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland; (B.D.-C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Anna Kozubska-Sobocińska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland; (B.D.-C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Grzegorz Smołucha
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland; (B.D.-C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Marek Babicz
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Di-Nizo CB, Ventura K, Ferguson-Smith MA, O’Brien PCM, Yonenaga-Yassuda Y, Silva MJDJ. Comparative chromosome painting in six species of Oligoryzomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) and the karyotype evolution of the genus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117579. [PMID: 25658766 PMCID: PMC4320059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoryzomys belongs to the tribe Oryzomyini, and contains about 22 species. Diploid numbers range from 2n = 44 in Oligoryzomys sp. 2 to 2n = 72 in O. utiaritensis and phylogenetic relationships are not well defined. The high morphological convergence leads to misidentification of taxonomic entities and the species are often identified by chromosomal characters. Until now, the genus has been studied only by classical cytogenetic approaches. To understand the chromosomal evolution of Oligoryzomys, we developed chromosome probes from a female of Oligoryzomys moojeni (OMO) with 2n = 70 and hybridized to other five Oligoryzomys species. The probes painted 31 segments on O. fornesi (OFO) with 2n = 62; 32 segments on O. microtis (OMI), 2n = 64; 33 segments on O. nigripes (ONI), 2n = 62 and on O. rupestris (ORU), 2n = 46; and 34 on Oligoryzomys sp. 2 (OSP), 2n = 44. OMO probes 4 and 5 showed a syntenic association in O. fornesi, O. microtis and O. nigripes and were also presented in the same pair, although disrupted, in O. rupestris and Oligoryzomys sp. 2. Concerning O. rupestris and Oligoryzomys sp. 2, species with the lowest diploid numbers of the genus, a total of 8 probes hybridized to 11 segments on the largest pair of ORU 1 and 9 probes hybridized to 12 segments on OSP 1. Also, OMO 6 painted three segments in ORU, corresponding to the proximal segment of ORU 2q, and the whole of ORU 19 and 20. In OSP, the segment corresponding to ORU 20 was homologous to OSP 1p. OMO X showed signals of hybridization in both X and Y chromosomes. Extensive chromosomal rearrangements, that could not be detected by classical cytogenetic techniques, such as pericentric inversions or repositioning of centromeres, Robertsonian rearrangements and tandem fusions/fissions, as well as gain/activation or loss/inactivation of centromeres and telomeric sequences have driven the huge genome reshuffling in these closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bruno Di-Nizo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Ventura
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Recursos Naturais—Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Caroline Mary O’Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krylov V, Kubickova S, Rubes J, Macha J, Tlapakova T, Seifertova E, Sebkova N. Preparation of Xenopus tropicalis whole chromosome painting probes using laser microdissection and reconstruction of X. laevis tetraploid karyotype by Zoo-FISH. Chromosome Res 2010; 18:431-9. [PMID: 20390340 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-010-9127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Laser microdissection was used for the preparation of whole chromosome painting probes in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis. Subsequent cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridization (Zoo-FISH) on its tetraploid relative Xenopus laevis revealed persistence of chromosomal quartets even after 50-65 million years of separate evolution. Their arrangement is in a partial concordance with previous experiments based on similarity of a high-resolution replication banding pattern. Further support for an allotetraploid origin of X. laevis was given by hybridization with a probe derived from the smallest X. tropicalis chromosome (Xt10). Here, pericentric areas of both arms of Xl 14 and 18 were stained, indicating intrachromosomal rearrangements. The positions of signals were not in agreement with the chromosomal quartets revealed by painting probes Xt 8 and 9 (Xl 11 + 14 and Xl 15 + 18, respectively). This suggests that both X. tropicalis chromosomes underwent non-reciprocal translocation of Xt10 separately in at least two different ancient ancestors. In addition, the observed translocation events could explain the origin of individuals with 18 chromosomes in diploid karyotypes, probably extinct after the genesis of the allotetraploid X. laevis (2n = 36).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Krylov
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Ventura K, O'Brien PCM, Yonenaga-Yassuda Y, Ferguson-Smith MA. Chromosome homologies of the highly rearranged karyotypes of four Akodon species (Rodentia, Cricetidae) resolved by reciprocal chromosome painting: the evolution of the lowest diploid number in rodents. Chromosome Res 2009; 17:1063-78. [PMID: 19936950 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally comparative cytogenetic studies are based mainly on banding patterns. Nevertheless, when dealing with species with highly rearranged genomes, as in Akodon species, or with other highly divergent species, cytogenetic comparisons of banding patterns prove inadequate. Hence, comparative chromosome painting has become the method of choice for genome comparisons at the cytogenetic level since it allows complete chromosome probes of a species to be hybridized in situ onto chromosomes of other species, detecting homologous genomic regions between them. In the present study, we have explored the highly rearranged complements of the Akodon species using reciprocal chromosome painting through species-specific chromosome probes obtained by chromosome sorting. The results revealed complete homology among the complements of Akodon sp. n. (ASP), 2n = 10; Akodon cursor (ACU), 2n = 15; Akodon montensis (AMO), 2n = 24; and Akodon paranaensis (APA), 2n = 44, and extensive chromosome rearrangements have been detected within the species with high precision. Robertsonian and tandem rearrangements, pericentric inversions and/or centromere repositioning, paracentric inversion, translocations, insertions, and breakpoints, where chromosomal rearrangements, seen to be favorable, were observed. Chromosome painting using the APA set of 21 autosomes plus X and Y revealed eight syntenic segments that are shared with A. montensis, A. cursor, and ASP, and one syntenic segment shared by A. montensis and A. cursor plus five exclusive chromosome associations for A. cursor and six for ASP chromosome X, except for the heterochromatin region of ASP X, and even chromosome Y shared complete homology among the species. These data indicate that all those closely related species have experienced a recent extensive process of autosomal rearrangement in which, except for ASP, there is still complete conservation of sex chromosomes homologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ventura
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Marchal JA, Acosta MJ, Nietzel H, Sperling K, Bullejos M, Díaz de la Guardia R, Sánchez A. X chromosome painting in Microtus: origin and evolution of the giant sex chromosomes. Chromosome Res 2005; 12:767-76. [PMID: 15702415 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-005-5077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosomes in species of the genus Microtus present some characteristic features that make them a very interesting group to study sex chromosome composition and evolution. M. cabrerae and M. agrestis have enlarged sex chromosomes (known as 'giant sex chromosomes') due to the presence of large heterochromatic blocks. By chromosome microdissection, we have generated probes from the X chromosome of both species and hybridized on chromosomes from six Microtus and one Arvicola species. Our results demonstrated that euchromatic regions of X chromosomes in Microtus are highly conserved, as occurs in other mammalian groups. The sex chromosomes heterochromatic blocks are probably originated by fast amplification of different sequences, each with an independent origin and evolution in each species. For this reason, the sex heterochromatin in Microtus species is highly heterogeneous within species (with different composition for the Y and X heterochromatic regions in M. cabrerae) and between species (as the composition of M. agrestis and M. cabrerae sex heterochromatin is different). In addition, the X chromosome painting results on autosomes of several species suggest that, during karyotypic evolution of the genus Microtus, some rearrangements have probably occurred between sex chromosomes and autosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Marchal
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
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Lysak MA, Pecinka A, Schubert I. Recent progress in chromosome painting of Arabidopsis and related species. Chromosome Res 2004; 11:195-204. [PMID: 12769287 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022879608152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on state-of-the-art achievements of chromosome painting in Arabidopsis thaliana (2n = 10). Arabidopsis chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were painted using chromosome-specific BAC contigs. We consider technical aspects of the painting approach and document major applications, such as the tracing of Arabidopsis chromosomes as interphase chromosome territories and during mitotic and meiotic cell cycles as well as comparative chromosome painting in related species. This is the first report of successful interspecific chromosome painting in plants. The evolutionary history of chromosomes homeologous to Arabidopsis chromosome 4 was reconstructed by hybridization of chromosome-4-specific painting probes to karyotypes of Brassicaceae species with x = 8 chromosomes. Future perspectives of chromosome painting in A. thaliana and its wild relatives are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Lysak
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Raudsepp T, Chowdhary BP. Correspondence of human chromosomes 9, 12, 15, 16, 19 and 20 with donkey chromosomes refines homology between horse and donkey karyotypes. Chromosome Res 2002; 9:623-9. [PMID: 11778685 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012948122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Whole chromosome paints for human (HSA) chromosomes 9, 12, 15 and 20 and arm-specific paints for HSA16p, 19p and 19q were applied on donkey metaphase spreads. All probes, except HSA19p, gave distinct hybridization signals on donkey chromosomes/chromosomal segments. The results show direct segmental homology between human and donkey genomes, and enable refinement of correspondence between donkey and horse karyotypes. Of specific interest is the identification of hitherto unknown correspondence between four equine acrocentric chromosomes (ECA22, 23, 25 and 28) and the donkey chromosomes. Overall, the findings mark the beginning of an ordered study of comparative organization of genomes/karyotypes of the equids, that can shed light on karyotype evolution and ancestral chromosomal condition in the Perissodactyls.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes
- Chromosomes, Human
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Equidae/genetics
- Genome, Human
- Horses/genetics
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- T Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A and M University, College Station 77843, USA
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