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Vallejo-Zamora JA, Vega-Cantu YI, Rodriguez C, Cordell GA, Rodriguez-Garcia A. Drug-Eluting, Bioresorbable Cardiovascular Stents─Challenges and Perspectives. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4701-4717. [PMID: 36150217 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the leading causes of natural death are attributed to coronary heart disease and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. High blood pressure levels, high cholesterol levels, smoking, and poor eating habits lead to the agglomeration of plaque in the arteries, reducing the blood flow. The implantation of devices used to unclog vessels, known as stents, sometimes results in a lack of irrigation due to the excessive proliferation of endothelial tissue within the blood vessels and is known as restenosis. The use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) to deliver antiproliferative drugs has led to the development of different encapsulation techniques. However, due to the potency of the drugs used in the initial stent designs, a chronic inflammatory reaction of the arterial wall known as thrombosis can cause a myocardial infarction (MI). One of the most promising drugs to reduce this risk is everolimus, which can be encapsulated in lipid systems for controlled release directly into the artery. This review aims to discuss the current status of stent design, fabrication, and functionalization. Variables such as the mechanical properties, metals and their alloys, drug encapsulation and controlled elution, and stent degradation are also addressed. Additionally, this review covers the use of polymeric surface coatings on stents and the recent advances in layer-by-layer coating and drug delivery. The advances in nanoencapsulation techniques such as liposomes and micro- and nanoemulsions and their functionalization in bioresorbable, drug-eluting stents are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Vallejo-Zamora
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
| | - Yadira I Vega-Cantu
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
| | - Ciro Rodriguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADIT), Apodaca, Nuevo León66629, Mexico
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products, Inc., Evanston, Illinois60201, United States
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo León64849, Mexico
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Ciudad Universitaria, Ave. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León66455, Mexico
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Rajestary R, Landi L, Romanazzi G. Chitosan and postharvest decay of fresh fruit: Meta‐analysis of disease control and antimicrobial and eliciting activities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:563-582. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Rajestary
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
| | - Lucia Landi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 10 Ancona Italy
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Arif U, Haider S, Haider A, Khan N, Alghyamah AA, Jamila N, Khan MI, Almasry WA, Kang IK. Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3608-3619. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825999191011105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications.
The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible
polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in
intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the
body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering
allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial
grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc.
Objectives:
This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers
such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3-
hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many
biomedical applications.
Methods: :
Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such
as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques,
controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering
etc.
Results:
The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility,
nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and
minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell.
Conclusion:
Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There
are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Arif
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Deparment of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat KPK, Pakistan
| | - Waheed A. Almasry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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