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He Q, Gao H, Tan D, Zhang H, Wang JZ. mRNA cancer vaccines: Advances, trends and challenges. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2969-2989. [PMID: 35345451 PMCID: PMC8942458 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients exhibit good tolerance to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, and the choice of encoded molecules is flexible and diverse. These vaccines can be engineered to express full-length antigens containing multiple epitopes without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, are relatively easy to control and can be rapidly mass produced. In 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine produced by Pfizer and BioNTech, which has generated enthusiasm for mRNA vaccine research and development. Based on the above characteristics and the development of mRNA vaccines, mRNA cancer vaccines have become a research hotspot and have undergone rapid development, especially in the last five years. This review analyzes the advances in mRNA cancer vaccines from various perspectives, including the selection and expression of antigens/targets, the application of vectors and adjuvants, different administration routes, and preclinical evaluation, to reflect the trends and challenges associated with these vaccines.
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Peng M, Mo Y, Wang Y, Wu P, Zhang Y, Xiong F, Guo C, Wu X, Li Y, Li X, Li G, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Neoantigen vaccine: an emerging tumor immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:128. [PMID: 31443694 PMCID: PMC6708248 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic instability of tumor cells often leads to the occurrence of a large number of mutations, and expression of non-synonymous mutations can produce tumor-specific antigens called neoantigens. Neoantigens are highly immunogenic as they are not expressed in normal tissues. They can activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to generate immune response and have the potential to become new targets of tumor immunotherapy. The development of bioinformatics technology has accelerated the identification of neoantigens. The combination of different algorithms to identify and predict the affinity of neoantigens to major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) or the immunogenicity of neoantigens is mainly based on the whole-exome sequencing technology. Tumor vaccines targeting neoantigens mainly include nucleic acid, dendritic cell (DC)-based, tumor cell, and synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines. The combination with immune checkpoint inhibition therapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy might achieve better therapeutic effects. Currently, several clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. Further development of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics algorithms, as well as an improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor development, will expand the application of neoantigen vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine, Alkek Building, RM N720, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Long P, Zhang Q, Xue M, Cao G, Li C, Chen W, Jin F, Li Z, Li R, Wang X, Ge W. Tomato lectin-modified nanoemulsion-encapsulated MAGE1-HSP70/SEA complex protein vaccine: Targeting intestinal M cells following peroral administration. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108886. [PMID: 31029887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines administered orally enable the stimulation of both the mucous membrane and system immune responses. However, tumor vaccines, whose effective elements are antigen protein molecules or gene-encoding antigens, are hardly accustomed to the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Here, we explored an oral nanoecapsulated tumor vaccine complex to evaluate the anti-tumor effect. Tomato lectin (TL) was modified on the surface of a nanoemulsion (NE) composed of MAGE1-HSP70/SEA (MHS). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with NE (-), NE (MHS) and TL-NE (MHS) via po. or sc. administration. Additionally, the cellular immunocompetence was detected by the enzyme-linked immunospot assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Serum antibody titers were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. Next, the therapeutic and tumor challenge assays were performed. The TL-NE (MHS) particles were 20 ± 5 nm in diameter and could resist pepsin and trypsin digestion. The cellular immune responses elicited by TL-NE (MHS) perioral were stronger than those by TL-NE (MHS)-sc. (p < 0.05) when targeted to B16-MAGE1 tumor cells. The levels of MAGE-1 antibody induced by TL-NE (MHS) via the oral route was higher than control group (p < 0.05). The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in TL-NE (MHS)-po. group was more than other groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, oral TL-NE (M)HScould delay tumor growth and defer tumor occurrence and tumor recurrence after resection in mice challenged with B16-MAGE-1 tumor cells. The study suggested that the oral TL-NE (MHS) vaccine delivery system is feasible to improve the vaccine protection effect and may have broad application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Long
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China; Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Mingtao Xue
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Guihua Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Fengzhong Jin
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Zengshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, PR China.
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The role of proteomics in the age of immunotherapies. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:757-769. [PMID: 30046851 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells. In recent years, a number of immune-based cancer therapies have been shown to induce remarkable clinical responses through the activation of the patient's immune system. As a result, there is a need to identify immune biomarkers capable of predicting clinical response. Recent advances in proteomics have led to considerable developments in the more comprehensive profiling of the immune response. "Immunoproteomics" utilises a rapidly increasing collection of technologies in order to identify and quantify antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel-based, array-based, mass spectrometry (MS), DNA-based, or computer-based (in silico) approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers to a depth not before understood. This review gives an overview of the emerging role of proteomics in improving personalisation of immunotherapy treatment.
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Zhang H, Chen J. Current status and future directions of cancer immunotherapy. J Cancer 2018; 9:1773-1781. [PMID: 29805703 PMCID: PMC5968765 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, our knowledge about the relationship between cancer and the immune system has increased considerably. Recent years' success of cancer immunotherapy including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cancer vaccines, adoptive cancer therapy and the immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionized traditional cancer treatment. However, challenges still exist in this field. Personalized combination therapies via new techniques will be the next promising strategies for the future cancer treatment direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, the Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jibei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, the Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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Ye Z, Qian Q, Jin H, Qian Q. Cancer vaccine: learning lessons from immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Cancer 2018; 9:263-268. [PMID: 29344272 PMCID: PMC5771333 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been exclusively studied all through the past decades, and have made exceptional achievements in cancer treatment. Few cancer vaccines have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for instance, Provenge, which was approved for the treatment of prostate carcinoma in 2012. Moreover, more recently, T-VEC got approval for the treatment of melanoma. While, the overall therapeutic effects of cancer vaccines have been taken into consideration as below expectations, low antigenicity of targeting antigen and tumor heterogeneity are the two key limiting barriers encountered by the cancer vaccines. Nonetheless, recent developments in cancer immune-therapies together with associated technologies, for instance the unparalleled achievements bagged by immune checkpoint inhibitor based therapies and neo-antigen identification tools, envisage potential improvements in cancer vaccines in respect to the treatments of malignancies. This review brings forth measures for the purpose of refining therapeutic cancer vaccines by learning lessons from the success of PD-1 inhibitor based immune-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenLong Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Qiming Qian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - HuaJun Jin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - QiJun Qian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
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Abstract
The rapid development of immunomodulatory cancer therapies has led to a concurrent increase in the application of informatics techniques to the analysis of tumors, the tumor microenvironment, and measures of systemic immunity. In this review, the use of tumors to gather genetic and expression data will first be explored. Next, techniques to assess tumor immunity are reviewed, including HLA status, predicted neoantigens, immune microenvironment deconvolution, and T-cell receptor sequencing. Attempts to integrate these data are in early stages of development and are discussed in this review. Finally, we review the application of these informatics strategies to therapy development, with a focus on vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, and checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hammerbacher
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - A Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, USA
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