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Huang H, Chen P, Feng X, Qian Y, Peng Z, Zhang T, Wang Q. Translational studies of exosomes in sports medicine - a mini-review. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1339669. [PMID: 38259444 PMCID: PMC10800726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1339669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review in sports medicine focuses on the critical role of exosomes in managing chronic conditions and enhancing athletic performance. Exosomes, small vesicles produced by various cells, are essential for cellular communication and transporting molecules like proteins and nucleic acids. Originating from the endoplasmic reticulum, they play a vital role in modulating inflammation and tissue repair. Their significance in sports medicine is increasingly recognized, particularly in healing athletic injuries, improving articular cartilage lesions, and osteoarthritic conditions by modulating cellular behavior and aiding tissue regeneration. Investigations also highlight their potential in boosting athletic performance, especially through myocytes-derived exosomes that may enhance adaptability to physical training. Emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach, this review underlines the need to thoroughly understand exosome biology, including their pathways and classifications, to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. It outlines future directions in sports medicine, focusing on personalized treatments, clinical evaluations, and embracing technological advancements. This research represents a frontier in using exosomes to improve athletes' health and performance capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinting Feng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhua Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijian Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
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Dong H, Qin M, Wang P, Li S, Wang X. Regulatory effects and mechanisms of exercise on activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Adipocyte 2023; 12:2266147. [PMID: 37795948 PMCID: PMC10563630 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2266147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a universally acknowledged and healthy way to reducing body weight. However, the roles and mechanisms of exercise on metabolism of adipose tissue remain largely unclear. Adipose tissues include white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue (BeAT). The main function of WAT is to store energy, while the BAT and BeAT can generate heat and consume energy. Therefore, promotion of BAT activation and WAT browning contributes to body weight loss. To date, many studies have suggested that exercise exerts the potential regulatory effects on BAT activation and WAT browning. In the present review, we compile the evidence for the regulatory effects of exercise on BAT activation and WAT browning and summarize the possible mechanisms whereby exercise modulates BAT activation and WAT browning, including activating sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and promoting the secretion of exerkines, with special focus on exerkines. These data might provide reference for prevention or treatment of obesity and the related metabolic disease through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Dong
- Department of Physical Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Qin
- School of Sports and Health, Shanghai Lixin Accounting and Finance University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufan Li
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Lai Z, Liang J, Zhang J, Mao Y, Zheng X, Shen X, Lin W, Xu G. Exosomes as a delivery tool of exercise-induced beneficial factors for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1190095. [PMID: 37841310 PMCID: PMC10570527 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1190095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-derived exosomes have been identified as novel players in mediating cell-to-cell communication in the beneficial effects of improving cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review aimed to systematically investigate exosomes as delivery tools for the benefits of exercise in the prevention and treatment of CVD and summarize these outcomes with an overview of their therapeutic implications. Among the 1417 articles obtained in nine database searches (PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, and Wiley), 12 articles were included based on eligibility criteria. The results indicate that exercise increases the release of exosomes, increasing exosomal markers (TSG101, CD63, and CD81) and exosome-carried miRNAs (miR-125b-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-342-5p, miR-126, miR-130a, miR-138-5p, and miR-455). These miRNAs mainly regulate the expression of MAPK, NF-kB, VEGF, and Caspase to protect the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the outcome indicators of myocardial apoptosis and myocardial infarction volume are significantly reduced following exercise-induced exosome release, and angiogenesis, microvessel density and left ventricular ejection fraction are significantly increased, as well as alleviating myocardial fibrosis following exercise-induced exosome release. Collectively, these results further confirm that exercise-derived exosomes have a beneficial role in potentially preventing and treating CVD and support the use of exercise-derived exosomes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Lai
- Department of School of Physical Education, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiling Liang
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- College of Humanities Education, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuheng Mao
- Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinguang Zheng
- Department of School of Physical Education, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- Department of School of Physical Education, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of School of Physical Education, Zhuhai College of Science and Techology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guoqin Xu
- Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Estébanez B, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Gil-González C, González-Gallego J, Cuevas MJ, Jiménez-Pavón D. Influence of 12-Week Concurrent Training on Exosome Cargo and Its Relationship with Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Men with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3069. [PMID: 37447395 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosome release varies depending on the physiological state of the cell, so they could play a fundamental role in obesity, the biggest pandemic in today's societies. The beneficial effects that physical activity has both on weight and cardiovascular parameters may be mediated by exosomes released in response to exercise. Thus, we aimed (I) to study the influence of a 12-week CT intervention on exosome cargo modifications in men with obesity and (II) to determine whether changes in exosomes after the intervention were related to changes in cardiometabolic health parameters in our cohorts. An experimental, controlled design was performed in twelve (nine with valid data) adult male obese patients (mean values: 41.6 years old, 97.6 kg and 32.4 kg/m2) who were randomly divided into a control group (n = 4) and a training group (n = 5), which completed 36 sessions of CT (concurrent training) for 12 weeks. Before and after the training period, cardiometabolic health parameters were evaluated and blood samples to measure exosomes and proteins were drawn. No changes were observed in the levels of any exosomal markers and proteins; however, associations of changes between CD81 and both fat mass and weight, Flot-1 and VO2max, HSP70 and both CRP and left ventricle diastolic diameter or CD14 and leptin were found (all p ≤ 0.05). Although the current CT was not able to clearly modify the exosome cargo, a certain medium to large clinical effect was manifested considering the nature of this study. Moreover, the associations found between the promoted changes in cardiometabolic parameters and exosome-carried proteins could indicate a relationship to be considered for future treatments in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Gil-González
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11519 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11519 Cádiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Teixeira M, Martins TS, Gouveia M, Henriques AG, Santos M, Ribeiro F. Effects of Exercise on Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:241-258. [PMID: 37603284 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The evidence that physical exercise has multiple beneficial effects and is essential to a healthy lifestyle is widely accepted for a long-time. The functional and psychological changes promoted by exercise improve clinical outcomes and prognosis in several diseases, by decreasing mortality, disease severity, and hospital admissions. Nonetheless, the mechanisms that regulate the release, uptake, and communication of several factors in response to exercise are still not well defined. In the last years, extracellular vesicles have attracted significant interest in the scientific community due to their ability to carry and deliver proteins, lipids, and miRNA to distant organs in the body, promoting a very exciting crosstalk machinery. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that exercise can modulate the release of those factors within EVs into the circulation, mediating its systemic adaptations.In this chapter, we summarize the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the extracellular vesicle dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular disease. The understanding of the changes in the cargo and kinetics of extracellular vesicles in response to exercise may open new possibilities of research and encourage the development of novel therapies that mimic the effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Teixeira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Soares Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisol Gouveia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research In Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Wu G, Zhang X, Gao F. The epigenetic landscape of exercise in cardiac health and disease. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:648-659. [PMID: 33333247 PMCID: PMC8724625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the concomitant mortality and morbidity impose huge burdens on quality of life and societal costs. It is generally accepted that physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for cardiac disease and that exercise benefits the heart in both physiological and pathologic conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the cardioprotective effects exerted by exercise remain incompletely understood. Most recently, an increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of epigenetic modifications in the promotion of cardiac health and prevention of cardiac disease. Exercise and other lifestyle factors extensively induce epigenetic modifications, including DNA/RNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs in multiple tissues, which may contribute to their positive effects in human health and diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that maternal or paternal exercise prevents age-associated or high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, reinforcing the importance of epigenetics in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been shown that exercise can directly modify cardiac epigenetics to promote cardiac health and protect the heart against various pathological processes, or it can modify epigenetics in other tissues, which reduces the risk of cardiac disease and affords cardioprotection through exerkines. An in-depth understanding of the epigenetic landscape of cardioprotective response to exercise will provide new therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases. This review, therefore, aimed to acquaint the cardiac community with the rapidly advancing and evolving field of exercise and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Wu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Li C, Ke C, Su Y, Wan C. Exercise Intervention Promotes the Growth of Synapses and Regulates Neuroplasticity in Rats With Ischemic Stroke Through Exosomes. Front Neurol 2021; 12:752595. [PMID: 34777222 PMCID: PMC8581302 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.752595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability. Exercise produces neuroprotection by improving neuroplasticity. Exercise can induce exosome production. According to several studies, exosomes are involved in repairing brain function, but the relationship and mechanism of exercise, exosomes, and neuroprotection have not been elucidated. This study intends to explore the relationship and potential mechanism by observing the changes in the exosome level, infarct volume, neurological function and behavioral scores, synapses, and corticospinal tract (CST). Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: a sham operation (SHAM) group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with sedentary intervention (SED-MCAO) group, MCAO with exercise intervention (EX-MCAO) group, and MCAO with exercise intervention and exosome injection (EX-MCAO-EXO) group. The exercise intervention was started 1 day after MCAO and lasted for 4 weeks. All rats were assessed using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The levels of exosomes in serum and brain, gait analysis, and magnetic resonance scan were performed 1 and 4 weeks after the intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, the number of synapses, synaptophysin (Syn), and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95) expression was detected. Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, (1) the EX-MCAO and EX-MCAO-EXO groups showed higher serum exosome (pEX−MCAO = 0.000, pEX−MCAO−EXO = 0.000) and brain exosome (pEX−MCAO = 0.001, pEX−MCAO−EXO = 0.000) levels than the SED-MCAO group, of which the EX-MCAO group had the highest serum exosome (p = 0.000) and the EX-MCAO-EXO group had the highest brain exosome (p = 0.03) levels. (2) The number of synapses in the EX-MCAO (p = 0.032) and EX-MCAO-EXO groups (p = 0.000) was significantly higher than that in the SED-MCAO group. The EX-MCAO-EXO group exhibited a greater number of synapses than the EX-MCAO (p = 0.000) group. (3) The synaptic plasticity-associated proteins were expressed significantly higher in the EX-MCAO (pSyn = 0.010, pPSD−95 = 0.044) and EX-MCAO-EXO (pSyn = 0.000, pPSD−95 = 0.000) groups than in the SED-MCAO group, and the EX-MCAO-EXO group (pSyn = 0.000, pPSD−95 = 0.046) had the highest expression. (4) Compared with the SED-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO group had significantly improved infarct volume ratio (p = 0.000), rFA value (p = 0.000), and rADC (p = 0.000). Compared with the EX-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO-EXO group had a significantly improved infarct volume ratio (p = 0.000), rFA value (p = 0.000), and rADC value (p = 0.001). (5) Compared with the SED-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO group (p = 0.001) and EX-MCAO-EXO group (p = 0.000) had significantly lower mNSS scores and improved gait. (6) The brain exosome levels were negatively correlated with the mNSS score, infarct volume ratio, and rADC value and positively correlated with the rFA value, Syn, and PSD-95 expression. The serum and brain exosome levels showed a positive correlation. Conclusions: Exercise intervention increases the serum exosome level in MCAO rats, which are recruited into the brain, leading to improved synaptic growth and CST integrity, a reduced infarct volume, and improved neurological function and gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changkai Ke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Wan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhang R, Liang X, Tang S, Song L, Zhang J, Du Y. Short-Term High-Intensity Treadmill Exercise Promotes Ceramide-Dependent Extracellular Vesicle Secretion in the Central Nervous System of Mice. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929609. [PMID: 33879761 PMCID: PMC8074573 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A lack of physical exercise, a critical aspect of a healthy lifestyle, contributes to several cerebral diseases, such as cognitive impairment, Parkinson disease (PD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on cerebral disease via released extracellular vesicles (EVs). Material/Methods Short-term high-intensity treadmill exercise was applied to assess the effect of physical activity on EVs in the serum and brain tissue. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to analyze biomarkers of EVs, including TSG101, HSC70, and CD63. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was used to analyze the size and concentration of EVs. Results Short-term high-intensity exercise increased the number of neuronal EVs in the brain. In the peripheral blood serum, the level of HSC70 showed a temporary increase after exercise and quickly returned to the normal level, whereas the levels of CD63 and TSG101 showed no obvious change in response to physical exercise. In brain tissue, the levels of HSC70 and TSG101 increased dramatically after exercise, while the level of CD63 remained unchanged. The concentration of EVs was significantly increased after exercise, while the mean diameter of the EVs showed no significant change. The levels of ceramide were significantly increased after exercise, and quickly returned to normal levels. Conclusions These data suggest that the secretion of EVs in the brain and blood is a transitory response to physical exercise and is dependent on ceramide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Targets identified from exercised heart: killing multiple birds with one stone. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:23. [PMID: 33837221 PMCID: PMC8035363 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality worldwide, which are mainly driven by factors such as aging, sedentary lifestyle, and excess alcohol use. Exercise targets several molecules and protects hearts against many of these physiological and pathological stimuli. Accordingly, it is widely recognized as an effective therapeutic strategy for CVD. To investigate the molecular mechanism of exercise in cardiac protection, we identify and describe several crucial targets identified from exercised hearts. These targets include insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-phosphatidylinositol 3 phosphate kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), cardiac microRNAs (miRNAs, miR-222 and miR-17-3p etc.), exosomal-miRNAs (miR-342, miR-29, etc.), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor/metallothioneins (Nrf2/Mts). Targets identified from exercised hearts can alleviate injury via multiple avenues, including: (1) promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation; (2) facilitating cardiomyocyte growth and physiologic hypertrophy; (3) elevating the anti-apoptotic capacity of cardiomyocytes; (4) improving vascular endothelial function; (5) inhibiting pathological remodeling and fibrosis; (6) promoting extracellular vesicles (EVs) production and exosomal-molecules transfer. Exercise is one treatment (‘stone’), which is cardioprotective via multiple avenues (‘birds’), and is considered ‘killing multiple birds with one stone’ in this review. Further, we discuss the potential application of EV cargos in CVD treatment. We provide an outline of targets identified from the exercised heart and their mechanisms, as well as novel ideas for CVD treatment, which may provide novel direction for preclinical trials in cardiac rehabilitation.
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Estébanez B, Visavadiya NP, de Paz JA, Whitehurst M, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J, Huang CJ. Resistance Training Diminishes the Expression of Exosome CD63 Protein without Modification of Plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA in the Elderly. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020665. [PMID: 33669497 PMCID: PMC7922765 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated inflammation is characterized by senescent cell-mediated secretion of high levels of inflammatory mediators, such as microRNA (miR)-146a. Moreover, a rise of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is also related to systemic inflammation and frailty in the elderly. Exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication is fundamental in cellular senescence and aging. The plasma changes in exercise-promoted miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome release could be the key to facilitate intercellular communication and systemic adaptations to exercise in aging. Thirty-eight elderly subjects (28 trained and 10 controls) volunteered in an 8-week resistance training protocol. The levels of plasma miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome markers (CD9, CD14, CD63, CD81, Flotillin [Flot]-1, and VDAC1) were measured prior to and following training. Results showed no changes in plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA levels with training. The levels of exosome markers (Flot-1, CD9, and CD81) as well as exosome-carried proteins (CD14 and VDAC1) remained unchanged, whereas an attenuated CD63 response was found in the trained group compared to the controls. These findings might partially support the anti-inflammatory effect of resistance training in the elderly as evidenced by the diminishment of exosome CD63 protein expression, without modification of plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (C.-J.H.); Tel.: +34-987-29-1997 (B.E.); +1-561-297-1271 (C.-J.H.)
| | - Nishant P. Visavadiya
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
| | - José A. de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
| | - María J. Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (C.-J.H.); Tel.: +34-987-29-1997 (B.E.); +1-561-297-1271 (C.-J.H.)
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Soares E, Reis J, Rodrigues M, Ribeiro CF, Pereira FC. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles: The Missing Link between Physical Exercise and Depression Management? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020542. [PMID: 33430399 PMCID: PMC7827999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with an increased risk of aging-related diseases. It is also seemingly a common psychological reaction to pandemic outbreaks with forced quarantines and lockdowns. Thus, depression represents, now more than ever, a major global health burden with therapeutic management challenges. Clinical data highlights that physical exercise is gaining momentum as a non-pharmacological intervention in depressive disorders. Although it may contribute to the reduction of systemic inflammation associated with depression, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial physical exercise effects in emotional behavior remain to be elucidated. Current investigations indicate that a rapid release of extracellular vesicles into the circulation might be the signaling mediators of systemic adaptations to physical exercise. These biological entities are now well-established intercellular communicators, playing a major role in relevant physiological and pathophysiological functions, including brain cell-cell communication. We also reviewed emerging evidence correlating depression with modified circulating extracellular vesicle surfaces and cargo signatures (e.g., microRNAs and proteins), envisioned as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, efficient disease stratification and appropriate therapeutic management. Accordingly, the clinical data summarized in the present review prompted us to hypothesize that physical exercise-related circulating extracellular vesicles contribute to its antidepressant effects, particularly through the modulation of inflammation. This review sheds light on the triad "physical exercise-extracellular vesicles-depression" and suggests new avenues in this novel emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Soares
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Julie Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Rodrigues
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Carlos Fontes Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico C. Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.); (M.R.); (C.F.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (F.C.P.)
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Chen A, Wang H, Su Y, Zhang C, Qiu Y, Zhou Y, Wan Y, Hu B, Li Y. Exosomes: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of Diabetic Vascular Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:720466. [PMID: 34456875 PMCID: PMC8387814 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.720466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications (DVC) including macrovascular and microvascular lesions, have a significant impact on public health, and lead to increased patient mortality. Disordered intercellular cascades play a vital role in diabetic systemic vasculopathy. Exosomes participate in the abnormal signal transduction of local vascular cells and mediate the transmission of metabolic disorder signal molecules in distant organs and cells through the blood circulation. They can store different signaling molecules in the membrane structure and release them into the blood, urine, and tears. In recent years, the carrier value and therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from stem cells have garnered attention. Exosomes are not only a promising biomarker but also a potential target and tool for the treatment of DVC. This review explored changes in the production process of exosomes in the diabetic microenvironment and exosomes' early warning role in DVC from different systems and their pathological processes. On the basis of these findings, we discussed the future direction of exosomes in the treatment of DVC, and the current limitations of exosomes in DVC research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Hu
- *Correspondence: Yanan Li, ; Bo Hu,
| | - Yanan Li
- *Correspondence: Yanan Li, ; Bo Hu,
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Estébanez B, Jiménez-Pavón D, Huang CJ, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J. Effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo in in vivo and ex vivo models: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3336-3353. [PMID: 33037627 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-released exosomes have been identified as novel players to mediate cell-to-cell communication in promoting systemic beneficial effects. This review aimed to systematically investigate the effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo, as well as provide an overview of their physiological implications. Among the 436 articles obtained in the database search (WOS, Scopus, and PubMed), 19 articles were included based on eligibility criteria. Results indicate that exercise promotes the release of exosomes without modification of its vesicle size. The literature has primarily shown an exercise-driven increase in exosome markers (Alix, CD63, CD81, and Flot-1), along with other exosome-carried proteins, into circulation. However, exosome isolation, characterization, and phenotyping methodology, as well as timing of sample recovery following exercise can influence the analysis and interpretation of findings. Moreover, a large number of exosome-carried microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, and miR-486, in response to exercise are involved in the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle tissue, although antigen-presenting cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets are the main sources of exosome release into the circulation. Collectively, with the physiological implications as evidenced by the ex vivo trials, the release of exercise-promoted exosomes and their cargo could provide the potential therapeutic applications via the role of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, MOVE-IT Research Group, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - María J Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Hong BS, Lee KP. A systematic review of the biological mechanisms linking physical activity and breast cancer. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:25-31. [PMID: 33108715 PMCID: PMC7669467 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological evidence has shown that leisure-time physical activity and structured exercise before and after breast cancer diagnosis contribute to reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Thus, in this review, we aimed to summarize the physical activity-dependent regulation of systemic factors to understand the biological and molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation, progression, and survival of breast cancer. METHODS We systematically reviewed the studies on 1) the relationship between physical activity and the risk of breast cancer, and 2) various systemic factors induced by physical activity and exercise that are potentially linked to breast cancer outcomes. To perform this literature review, PubMed database was searched using the terms "Physical activity OR exercise" and "breast cancer", until August 5th, 2020; then, we reviewed those articles related to biological mechanisms after examining the resulting search list. RESULTS There is strong evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer, and the protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer has been achieved by long-term regulation of various circulatory factors, such as sex hormones, metabolic hormones, inflammatory factors, adipokines, and myokines. In addition, physical activity substantially alters wholebody homeostasis by affecting numerous other factors, including plasma metabolites, reactive oxygen species, and microRNAs as well as exosomes and gut microbiota profile, and thereby every cell and organ in the whole body might be ultimately affected by the biological perturbation induced by physical activity and exercise. CONCLUSION The understanding of integrative mechanisms will enhance how physical activity can ultimately influence the risk and prognosis of various cancers, including breast cancer. Furthermore, physical activity could be considered an efficacious non-pharmacological therapy, and the promotion of physical activity is probably an effective strategy in primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok Sil Hong
- Life Science Research Center, Cheju Halla University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Cheju Halla University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Research & Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Silver JL, Alexander SE, Dillon HT, Lamon S, Wadley GD. Extracellular vesicular miRNA expression is not a proxy for skeletal muscle miRNA expression in males and females following acute, moderate intensity exercise. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14520. [PMID: 32812391 PMCID: PMC7435037 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNA expression increases following acute endurance exercise. However, research to date has only been performed in males. The aim of this study was to describe the expression levels of a subset of miRNAs in EVs following acute exercise and compare it to skeletal muscle miRNA expression. Twelve males (age 22.9 ± 2.6 years, mean ± SD) and eight females (age 23.0 ± 3.4 years) cycled for 60 min at 70% VO2 peak. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after and 3 hr after exercise. Acute exercise did not significantly alter the expression of miR-1, miR-16, miR-23b and miR-133a/b in EVs in males and females combined. There were no correlations between EV and skeletal muscle miRNA expression in any of the measured species at any time point. Exploratory analysis revealed differential miRNA responses to exercise between males and females. In males, a weak negative correlation was observed between skeletal muscle and EV miR-16 expression immediately following exercise; however, the physiological relevance of this correlation is unknown. Additionally, when compared with values at rest, male skeletal muscle miR-16 expression significantly increased immediately following exercise, whereas miR-133a expression significantly decreased 3 hr post exercise. Our findings suggest that miRNAs isolated from EVs are not a proxy for skeletal muscle miRNA content. Our exploratory data is the first known evidence of sex-specific differences in the miRNA response to an acute bout of endurance exercise, particularly for miRNA species implicated in mitochondrial metabolism and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Silver
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN)School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Sarah E. Alexander
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN)School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Hayley T. Dillon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN)School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN)School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Glenn D. Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN)School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
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Chen W, Quan Y, Fan S, Wang H, Liang J, Huang L, Chen L, Liu Q, He P, Ye Y. Exosome-transmitted circular RNA hsa_circ_0051443 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:119-128. [PMID: 32014458 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular communication in the tumor microenvironment is critical. Results of qRT-PCR show that circ-0051443 is significantly lower in the plasma exosomes and tissues from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than healthy controls. Compared with the producer cells, circ-0051443 is mainly packaged into exosomes. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) shows that the patients with HCC can be distinguished from the controls by exosomal circ-0051443. The role of exosomal circ-0051443 in HCC was determined by animal and cell analyses. Circ-0051443 is transmitted from normal cells to HCC cells via exosomes and suppresses the malignant biological behaviors by promoting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle. Exosomal circ-0051443 decreases the weight and volume of the xenograft tumors in nude mice via BAK1 upregulation in these tumors. BAK1 expression is mediated by exosomal circ-0051443 through competitive bound to miR-331-3p. Therefore, exosomal circ-0051443 can serve as a predictor and potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingyao Quan
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Shaoyi Fan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinyu Liang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liuhua Chen
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yibiao Ye
- Department of Hepato-Billiary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, West Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, West Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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