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Petrovic T, Djelic M, Zdravkovic M, Gavrilovic T, Atanasijevic N, Stojkovic O. Principal components analysis to evaluate complex association of polymorphisms in ACE and ACTN3 genes and the extent of cardiovascular adaptive changes in elite athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:192-200. [PMID: 38093640 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Present article aims at clarifying the association of ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms with adaptive heart changes in elite athletes from power, endurance and mixed sport disciplines using the principal component analysis (PCA). METHODS Overall, 281 elite male athletes are divided into three groups: strength-type sports, endurance and mixed sports. After anthropometric measurements, physical and ultrasound examination of the heart, the athletes were exposed to a physical load test. All groups were analyzed for functional ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms. In order to convert a set of examined, possibly correlated adaptive cardiovascular changes into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables we used principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS The type of sport significantly affects not only the athlete's anthropometric characteristics, but also on the scope and specificity of the investigated adaptive cardiovascular changes. Athletes from the mixed group of sports showed the best working efficiency of the heart. PCA showed that the type of sport, but not genetic predisposition affects the co-adaptation of complex traits. CONCLUSIONS Effect of genotype, type of sport and their interaction on observed variability in morpho-functional cardiovascular adaptive changes in elite athletes can be used for a better understanding of the clinical phenomenon of athlete's heart and sudden cardiac death syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Petrovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia -
| | - Marina Djelic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- University Hospital Medical Center "Bezanijska Kosa", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nikola Atanasijevic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Oliver Stojkovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Maceira AM, Monmeneu JV, López MP, García MP, Higueras L, Masiá MD, Boraita A. Reference ventricular dimensions and function parameters by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in highly trained Caucasian athletes. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:12. [PMID: 36755302 PMCID: PMC9909951 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) reference values in athletes have not been well determined yet. Using CMR normal reference values derived from the general population may be misleading in athletes and may have clinical implications. AIMS To determine reference ventricular dimensions and function parameters and ratios by CMR in high performance athletes. METHODS Elite athletes and age- and gender-matched sedentary healthy controls were included. Anatomical and functional variables, including biventricular volumes, mass, systolic function, wall thickness, sphericity index and longitudinal function were determined by CMR. RESULTS A total of 148 athletes (29.2 ± 9.1 years; 64.8% men) and 124 controls (32.1 ± 10.5 years; 67.7% men) were included. Left ventricular (LV) mass excluding papillary muscles was 67 ± 13 g/m2 in the control group and increased from 65 ± 14 g/m2 in the low intensity sport category to 83 ± 16 g/m2 in the high cardiovascular demand sport category; P < 0.001. Regarding right ventricular (RV) mass, the data were 20 ± 5, 31 ± 6, and 38 ± 8 g/m2, respectively; P < 0.001. LV and RV volumes, and wall thickness were higher in athletes than in the control group, and also increased with sport category. However, LV and RV ejection fractions were similar in both groups. LV and RV dimensions, wall thickness and LV/RV ratios reference parameters for athletes are provided. CONCLUSIONS LV and RV masses, volumes, and wall thicknesses are higher in athletes than in sedentary subjects. Specific CMR reference ranges for athletes are provided and can be used as reference levels, rather than the standard upper limits used for the general population to exclude cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Maceira
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Ascires Grupo Biomédico, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose V Monmeneu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Ascires Grupo Biomédico, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar López
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Ascires Grupo Biomédico, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar García
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Ascires Grupo Biomédico, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Higueras
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Ascires Grupo Biomédico, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Araceli Boraita
- Cardiology Department, Spanish Sports Health Protection Agency, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Li S, Ma J, Pang X, Liang Y, Li X, Wang M, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. Time-dependent Effects of Moderate- and High-intensity Exercises on Myocardial Transcriptomics. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1214-1225. [PMID: 36063823 DOI: 10.1055/a-1885-4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a highly adaptable organ that responds to changes in functional requirements due to exposure to internal and external stimuli. Physical exercise has unique stimulatory effects on the myocardium in both healthy individuals and those with health disorders, where the effects are primarily determined by the intensity and recovery time of exercise. We investigated the time-dependent effects of different exercise intensities on myocardial transcriptional expression in rats. Moderate intensity exercise induced more differentially expressed genes in the myocardium than high intensity exercise, while 16 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated by moderate intensity exercise but up-regulated by high intensity exercise at 12 h post- exercise. Both Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that moderate intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to heart adaptation, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress, while high intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, there was increased expression of Tbx5, Casq1, Igsf1, and Ddah1 at all time points after moderate intensity exercise, while there was increased expression of Card9 at all time points after high intensity exercise. Our study provides a better understanding of the intensity dependent effects of physical exercise of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac adaptation to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Weberruß H, Baumgartner L, Mühlbauer F, Shehu N, Oberhoffer-Fritz R. Training intensity influences left ventricular dimensions in young competitive athletes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:961979. [PMID: 36277759 PMCID: PMC9582149 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.961979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In young athletes, exercise causes changes in the heart that include growth in wall thickness and mass of the left ventricle and expansion of the heart’s chambers. The heart’s function is either preserved or enhanced, but this may change to the opposite over time. Objective This study aimed to assess structural and functional cardiac adaptations in relation to exercise training time, intensity, and performance in young competitive athletes. Methods A total of 404 children and adolescents (14.23 ± 2.0 years, 97 females) were enrolled in the Munich Cardiovascular Adaptations in Young Athletes Study (MuCAYA-Study). Eighty-five participants were examined two times a year. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular structure and function. Training time and intensity was measured with the MoMo physical activity questionnaire, maximum aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and strength with the handgrip strength test. Results Maximum aerobic capacity significantly influenced interventricular septal thickness in diastole. Training intensity significantly influenced left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole, and left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area. Within one year, interventricular wall thickness, relative wall thickness and left ventricular mass, indexed to body surface area and height, increased significantly. Training intensity and aerobic capacity contributed to cardiac adaptations in young competitive athletes, as represented by altered structural parameters but preserved cardiac function. Within a year, however, structural changes and a decline in diastolic performance were observed within the longitudinal sub-sample. Conclusion Our results confirm the hypothesis that cardiac adaptations to exercise occur at a young age. Cardiac adaptation in our cohort was influenced by exercise intensity and maximum aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Weberruß
- Department of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Heidi Weberruß,
| | - Lisa Baumgartner
- Department of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke Mühlbauer
- Department of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nerejda Shehu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Department of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Impact of common rhythm disturbances on echocardiographic measurements and interpretation. Clin Res Cardiol 2022; 111:1301-1312. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-022-02096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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The Acute Effects of an Ultramarathon on Atrial Function and Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Master Athletes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030528. [PMID: 35159979 PMCID: PMC8836407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance sports practice has significantly increased over the last decades, with a growing proportion of master athletes. However, concerns exist regarding the potential proarrhythmic effects induced by ultra-endurance sports. This study aimed to analyse the acute effects of an ultramarathon race on atrial remodelling and supraventricular arrhythmias in a population of master athletes. METHODS Master athletes participating in an ultramarathon (50 km, 600 m of elevation gain) with no history of heart disease were recruited. A single-lead ECG was recorded continuously from the day before to the end of the race. Echocardiography and 12-lead resting ECG were performed before and immediately at the end of the race. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 68 healthy non-professional master athletes. Compared with baseline, P wave voltage was higher after the race (p < 0.0001), and more athletes developed ECG criteria for right atrial enlargement (p < 0.0001). Most of the athletes (97%) had ≥1 premature atrial beats (PAB) during the 24-h monitoring, also organised in triplets (17%) and non-sustained supraventricular tachycardias (NSSVTs) (19%). In contrast, exercise-induced PABs, triplets, and NSSVTs were rare. One athlete developed acute atrial fibrillation during the race. After the race, no significant differences were found in biatrial dimensions. Biatrial function, estimated by peak atrial longitudinal and contraction strains, were normal both before and after the race. CONCLUSIONS In master athletes running an ultramarathon, acute exercise-induced atrial dysfunction was not detected, and exercise-induced supraventricular arrhythmias were uncommon. These results did not confirm the hypothesis of an acute atrial dysfunction induced by ultra-endurance exercise.
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7
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Contreras-Briceño F, Herrera S, Vega-Adauy J, Salinas M, Ocaranza MP, Jalil JE, Mandiola J, García L, Chiong M, Castro PF, Lavandero S, Gabrielli L. Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) Is Associated With Left Atrial Remodeling in Long-Distance Runners. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:737285. [PMID: 34790706 PMCID: PMC8591189 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been demonstrated in high-performance athletes. Soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), a biomarker involved in inflammation and cardiac remodeling, is associated with the development of AF in the general population. However, the relationship between sVCAM-1 and left atrial (LA) remodeling has been poorly investigated in long-distance runners (LDR). Aim: To determine the association between LA remodeling and sVCAM-1 levels in LDR during the training period before a marathon race. Methods: Thirty-six healthy male LDR (37.0 ± 5.3 years; 174.0 ± 7.0 height; BMI: 23.8 ± 2.8; V°O2-peak: 56.5 ± 7.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) were evaluated in this single-blind and cross-sectional study. The LDR were separated into two groups according to previous training levels: high-training (HT) (n = 18) ≥100 km·week−1 and low-training (LT) (n = 18) ≥70 and <100 km·week−1. Also, 18 healthy non-active subjects were included as a control group (CTR). In all participants, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. sVCAM-1 blood levels were measured baseline and immediately finished the marathon race in LDR. Results: HT showed increased basal levels of sVCAM-1 (651 ± 350 vs. 440 ± 98 ng·mL−1 CTR, p = 0.002; and vs. 533 ± 133 ng·mL−1 LT; p = 0.003) and a post-marathon increase (ΔsVCAM-1) (651 ± 350 to 905 ± 373 ng·mL−1; p = 0.002), that did not occur in LT (533 ± 133 to 651 ± 138 ng·mL−1; p = 0.117). In LDR was a moderate correlation between LA volume and sVCAM-1 level (rho = 0.510; p = 0.001). Conclusions: In male long-distance runners, sVCAM-1 levels are directly associated with LA remodeling. Also, the training level is associated with basal sVCAM-1 levels and changes after an intense and prolonged exercise (42.2 km). Whether sVCAM-1 levels predict the risk of AF in runners remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department Health of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Herrera
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julian Vega-Adauy
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Salinas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Mandiola
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department Health of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Szabo D, Nagy D, Melczer C, Acs P, Ratgeber L, Szokodi I, Toth M, Cziraki A, Eklics K, Sarszegi Z. Influencing Factors of Cardiac Adaptation in Adolescent Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1209-1221. [PMID: 34005827 DOI: 10.1055/a-1386-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endurance training-induced changes in left ventricular diastolic function and right ventricular parameters have been investigated extensively in adolescent athletes. Our aim was to examine the parameters for adolescent athletes (n=121, 15.1±1.6 years) compared to adult athletes and age-matched non-athletes. We explored the effects of influencing factors on the echocardiographic parameters. Significantly higher E/A (p<0.05) and e' values (p<0.001) were detected in adolescent athletes compared to age-matched non-athletes' and also adult athletes' parameters. Significantly lower structural and functional right ventricular parameters (p<0.05) were detected in adult athletes. In adolescent athletes significantly higher right ventricular diameters, tricuspid S wave, right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic area values (p<0.05) were found compared to the matching parameters of non-athletes. We found significantly higher corrected tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values (p<0.001) in athletes compared to the non-athletes. Based on multivariate analysis lean body mass, body surface area, age and cumulative training time were proved as strong predictive factors of both left ventricular diastolic and right ventricular parameters. Supernormal left ventricular diastolic function and significantly higher right ventricular parameters are indicative of cardiac adaptation. Well-defined cut-off values should be applied to discriminate pathological conditions in the relation of the influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Szabo
- Heart Institution, Cardiology Department, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dora Nagy
- Institute of Physiolotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Melczer
- Institute of Physiolotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Pongrac Acs
- Institute of Physiolotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Ratgeber
- Institute of Physiolotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szokodi
- Heart Institution, Cardiology Department, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Miklos Toth
- Szentagothai Research Centre , University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Cziraki
- Heart Institution, Cardiology Department, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kata Eklics
- Department of Languages for Biomedical Purposes, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarszegi
- Heart Institution, Cardiology Department, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Dimitros ET, Koutlianos NA, Anifanti M, Kouidi EI, Deligiannis AP. Comparative study of cardiorespiratory adaptations in elite basketball players of different age groups. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1193-1201. [PMID: 33269884 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic training of basketball causes morphological cardiac and cardiorespiratory adaptations. Previous studies have mainly focused either on only cardiac or respiratory changes. However, the extent of these cardiac adaptations and their relationship with aerobic capacity remain unclear in basketball athletes of different ages. METHODS Eighty male basketball players participated in the experimental group and 80 healthy and sedentary male individuals served as controls. All participants underwent to athletic history, anthropometric measurements, 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, resting spirometry and cardiopulmonary exercise stress test. RESULTS Left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular end-diastolic internal dimension (LVIDd), end-diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV) and interventricular septal thickness at diastole (IVSd) were significantly higher in all groups of athletes compared to controls (P<0.05). End-diastolic volume index (EDVI) was significantly higher only in adult players compared to controls (P<0.05). Posterior wall thickness at diastole (PWd) was significantly greater in groups of children and adult players compared to controls (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>) in relative values was higher in all groups of athletes compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increased LVM is attributed to concentric hypertrophy. This is further supported by the finding that there was no relationship between V̇O<inf>2max</inf> and echo parameters. The results of the present study indicate that the cardiorespiratory adaptations caused by basketball training are mainly formed at the early age stages without further increase throughout the years of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios T Dimitros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece -
| | - Nikolaos A Koutlianos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Maria Anifanti
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Evangelia I Kouidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - Asterios P Deligiannis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Ángeles-Valencia M, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-Martínez M, Tirado-Lule JM, Solano-Urrusquieta A, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Morales-González Á, Morales-González JA. Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207724. [PMID: 33086540 PMCID: PMC7590064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Regular exercise induces physiological and morphological changes in the organisms, but excessive training loads may induce damage and impair recovery or muscle growth. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Silymarin (SM) consumption on endurance capacity, muscle/cardiac histological changes, bodyweight, and food intake in rats subjected to 60 min of regular exercise training (RET) five days per week. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to an eight-week RET treadmill program and were previously administered SM and vitamin C. Bodyweight and food consumption were measured and registered. The maximal endurance capacity (MEC) test was performed at weeks one and eight. After the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of quadriceps/gastrocnemius and cardiac tissue were obtained and process for histological analyzes. (3) Results: SM consumption improved muscle recovery, inflammation, and damaged tissue, and promoted hypertrophy, vascularization, and muscle fiber shape/appearance. MEC increased after eight weeks of RET in all trained groups; moreover, the SM-treated group was enhanced more than the group with vitamin C. There were no significant changes in bodyweight and in food and nutrient consumption along the study. (5) Conclusion: SM supplementation may enhance physical performance, recovery, and muscle hypertrophy during the eight-week RET program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Marcelo Ángeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14420, Mexico;
| | - Judith Margarita Tirado-Lule
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Solano-Urrusquieta
- Hospital Militar de Zona, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Periférico Boulevard Manuel Ávila Camacho s/n, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico;
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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11
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Euzebio MB, Vitorino PVDO, Sousa WM, Melo MA, Costa SHN, Sousa ALL, Jardim TDSV, Arantes AC, Jardim PCBV, Barroso WKS. Diastolic Function and Biomarkers of Long-Distance Walking Participants. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:620-627. [PMID: 33111858 PMCID: PMC8386974 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of long-distance walking on the cardiovascular system have been little studied. OBJECTIVES The general objective of this study was to verify these effects on the behavior of diastolic function and the cardiac biomarkers CK-MB (mass), troponin T, and NT-proBNP, in amateur athletes. METHOD This longitudinal study, conducted in 2015, evaluated participants during the following 5 stages: E0 (baseline) before starting the trajectory and the others, E1, E2, E3, and E4, at the end of each day, totaling 244.7 km. At all stages, the biomarkers NT-proBNP, CK-MB (mass), and troponin T were measured. Echocardiogram was performed to analyze the E, A and E' waves. P < 0.05 was adopted as significant. RESULTS The study evaluated 25 participants, with an average age of 46 ± 10.5 years and body mass index of 20.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2. Increased values were found for NT-proBNP from E0 to E1, E2, E3, and E4 (p < 0.001), CK-MB (mass) from E0 to E2 (p < 0.001), and E' wave from E0 to E1, E2, E3, and E4 (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were identified between the following: CK-MB (mass) and troponin T (E1: r = 0.524, p = 0.010; E4: r = 0.413, p = 0.044); CK-MB (mass) and NT-proBNP (E4: r = 0.539, p = 0.006); and E/A and E' (E0: r = 0.603, p < 0.001; E1: r = 0.639, p < 0.001; E4: r = 0.593, p = 0.002). A negative correlation was found between CK-MB (mass) and E/A (E1: r = -0.428, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION The effects of intense, prolonged, and interspersed physical activity were verified based on significant variations in the behavior of CK-MB (mass), NT-proBNP, and the E' wave. Notwithstanding the alterations found, there were no criteria suggestive of myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Borges Euzebio
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Medicina, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | | | - Watila Moura Sousa
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Medicina, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Milena Andrade Melo
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Nascente Costa
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilPontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
- Faculdade da Polícia Militar do Estado de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilFaculdade da Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás, Goiânia, GO - Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Sousa
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Thiago de Souza Veiga Jardim
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Arantes
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Paulo Cesar B. Veiga Jardim
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Cardiologia, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
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12
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Cavigli L, Focardi M, Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Mondillo S, D'Ascenzi F. The right ventricle in “Left-sided” cardiomyopathies: The dark side of the moon. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 31:476-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Cho JY, Kim KH, Rink L, Hornsby K, Park H, Park JH, Yoon HJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC. University athletes and changes in cardiac geometry: insight from the 2015 Gwangju Summer Universiade. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 20:407-416. [PMID: 30541113 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is a paucity of data regarding the changes of cardiac geometry in highly trained international and multiracial university athletes. We aimed to investigate the incidence of structural cardiac abnormalities and changes of cardiac geometry in highly trained university athletes. METHODS AND RESULTS Comprehensive echocardiographic studies were performed in 1185 university athletes through the Check-up Your Heart Program during the 2015 Gwangju Summer Universiade. Participants were divided into two groups: normal vs. abnormal left ventricular (LV) geometry (concentric remodelling, concentric hypertrophy, or eccentric hypertrophy). Structural heart diseases associated with sudden cardiac death were not identified, but minor structural cardiac abnormalities were common in university athletes. One hundred and fifty-six athletes (13.2%) had abnormal LV geometry; concentric remodelling (n = 73, 6.2%), concentric hypertrophy (n = 25, 2.1%), and eccentric hypertrophy (n = 58, 4.9%). Abnormal LV geometry was significantly more common in athletes of African descent and in endurance, mixed, or power disciplines. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, athletes of African descent [odds ratio (OR) 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-3.46; P = 0.001], endurance disciplines (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.26-2.54; P = 0.001), and training time (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02; P = 0.045) were independent predictors of abnormal LV geometry. CONCLUSION A large scale cardiovascular screening programme of the 2015 Summer Universiade demonstrated that abnormal LV geometry is not uncommon (13.2%) and concentric remodelling is the most common pattern of LV geometric change in young trained university athletes. Race, type of sport, and training time are significant predictors of abnormal LV geometry. Structural cardiac abnormalities are common in university athletes even though they are minor abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeong Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kye Hun Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Lawrence Rink
- International University Sports Federation (FISU), Quartier UNIL-Centre, Bâtiment Synathlon, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Sports Medicine, 550 Landmark Avenue, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kyle Hornsby
- International University Sports Federation (FISU), Quartier UNIL-Centre, Bâtiment Synathlon, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Sports Medicine, 550 Landmark Avenue, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Hyukjin Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Department of Cardiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Chun Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
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14
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Ferrara F, Gargani L, Armstrong WF, Agoston G, Cittadini A, Citro R, D'Alto M, D'Andrea A, Dellegrottaglie S, De Luca N, Di Salvo G, Ghio S, Grünig E, Guazzi M, Kasprzak JD, Kolias TJ, Kovacs G, Lancellotti P, La Gerche A, Limongelli G, Marra AM, Moreo A, Ostenfeld E, Pieri F, Pratali L, Rudski LG, Saggar R, Saggar R, Scalese M, Selton-Suty C, Serra W, Stanziola AA, Voilliot D, Vriz O, Naeije R, Bossone E. The Right Heart International Network (RIGHT-NET): Rationale, Objectives, Methodology, and Clinical Implications. Heart Fail Clin 2018; 14:443-465. [PMID: 29966641 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Right Heart International Network is a multicenter international study aiming to prospectively collect exercise Doppler echocardiography tests of the right heart pulmonary circulation unit (RHPCU) in large cohorts of healthy subjects, elite athletes, and individuals at risk of or with overt pulmonary hypertension. It is going to provide standardization of exercise stress echocardiography of RHPCU and explore the full physiopathologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luna Gargani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-C.N.R., Pisa, Italy
| | - William F Armstrong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gergely Agoston
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Citro
- Heart Department, University Hospital of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michele D'Alto
- Department of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Santo Dellegrottaglie
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Medico-Chirurgico Accreditato Villa dei Fiori, Acerra, Naples, Italy; Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicola De Luca
- Hypertension Research Center "CIRIAPA", Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, University Cardiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Theodore John Kolias
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Liege, Belgium; Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ellen Ostenfeld
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Francesco Pieri
- Department of Heart, Thorax and Vessels, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lawrence G Rudski
- Azrieli Heart Center and Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rajan Saggar
- Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Pulmonary Hypertension Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajeev Saggar
- Lung Institute Banner University Medical Center-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-C.N.R., Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Walter Serra
- Cardiology Unit, Surgery Department, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Agnese Stanziola
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Monaldi Hospital, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Damien Voilliot
- Centre Hospitalier Lunéville, Service de Cardiologie, Lunéville, France
| | - Olga Vriz
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eduardo Bossone
- Cardiology Division, Heart Department, "Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast" Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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