Structural Aspects of Betaherpesvirus-Encoded Proteins

Structural basis for the interaction of human herpesvirus 6B tetrameric glycoprotein complex with the cellular receptor, human CD134

A unique glycoprotein is expressed on the virus envelope of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B): the complex gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 (hereafter referred to as the HHV-6B tetramer). This tetramer recognizes a host receptor expressed on activated T cells: human CD134 (hCD134). This interaction is essential for HHV-6B entry into the susceptible cells and is a determinant for HHV-6B cell tropism. The structural mechanisms underlying this unique interaction were unknown. Herein we solved the interactions between the HHV-6B tetramer and the receptor by using their neutralizing antibodies in molecular and structural analyses. A surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed fast dissociation/association between the tetramer and hCD134, although the affinity was high (KD  = 18 nM) and comparable to those for the neutralizing antibodies (anti-gQ1: 17 nM, anti-gH: 2.7 nM). A competition assay demonstrated that the anti-gQ1 antibody competed with hCD134 in the HHV-6B tetramer binding whereas the anti-gH antibody did not, indicating the direct interaction of gQ1 and hCD134. A single-particle analysis by negative-staining electron microscopy revealed the tetramer's elongated shape with a gH/gL part and extra density corresponding to gQ1/gQ2. The anti-gQ1 antibody bound to the tip of the extra density, and anti-gH antibody bound to the putative gH/gL part. These results highlight the interaction of gQ1/gQ2 in the HHV-6B tetramer with hCD134, and they demonstrate common features among viral ligands of the betaherpesvirus subfamily from a macroscopic viewpoint.