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Chen XJ, Deng Z, Zhang LL, Pan Y, Fu J, Zou L, Bai Z, Xiao X, Sheng F. Therapeutic potential of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum against Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116222. [PMID: 38310653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a high-incidence neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment, memory loss, and psychiatric abnormalities. Ganoderma lucidum is a famous medicinal fungus with a long history of dietary intake, containing various bioactive components, and have been documented to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory effects, among others. Recent studies have shown that G. lucidum and its components have promising therapeutic potential against AD from various aspects, which can delay the progression of AD, improve cognitive function and quality of life. The underlying mechanisms mainly include inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibiting Aβ formation, affecting activated microglia, regulating NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathway, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, modulating immune system, and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, etc. This paper systematically reviewed the relevant studies on the therapeutic potential of G. lucidum and its active components for treatment of AD, key points related with the mechanism studies and clinical trials have been discussed, and further perspectives have been proposed. Totally, as a natural medicinal mushroom, G. lucidum has the potential to be developed as effective adjuvant for AD treatment owing to its therapeutic efficacy against multiple pathogenesis of AD. Further mechanical investigation and clinical trials can help unlock the complete potential of G. lucidum as a therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhou Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Yan Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Feiya Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Chen Y, Lin Q, Wang J, Mu J, Liang Y. Proteins, polysaccharides and their derivatives as macromolecular antioxidant supplements: A review of in vitro screening methods and strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:958-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Qin FY, Chen YY, Zhang JJ, Cheng YX. Meroterpenoid Dimers from Ganoderma Mushrooms and Their Biological Activities Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Front Chem 2022; 10:888371. [PMID: 35592305 PMCID: PMC9111535 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.888371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(±)-Dimercochlearlactones A-J (1-10), ten pairs of novel meroterpenoid dimers and one known spirocochlealactone A (11), were isolated from Ganoderma mushrooms. The structural elucidation of new compounds, including their absolute configurations, depends on spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Biological studies showed that (+)- and (-)-2, (-)-3, and (+)- and (-)-11 are cytotoxic toward human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (MDA-MB-231) with IC50 values of 28.18, 25.65, 11.16, 8.18, and 13.02 μM, respectively. Wound healing assay revealed that five pairs of meroterpenoids (±)-5-(±)-8 and (±)-10 could significantly inhibit cell mobility at 20 μM in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results provide a new insight into the biological role of Ganoderma meroterpenoids in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Qin
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Yi Chen
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
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Wu X, Huang J, Wang J, Xu Y, Yang X, Sun M, Shi J. Multi-Pharmaceutical Activities of Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Concept and Future Prospects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707491. [PMID: 34489700 PMCID: PMC8418122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal chronic progressive respiratory disease, characterized by continuous scarring of the lung parenchyma, leading to respiratory failure and death. The incidence of PF has increased over time. There are drugs, yet, there are some limitations. Hence, it is of importance to find new therapies and new drugs to replace the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, there have been a great number of research reports on the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides in various system fields. Among them, the treatment of PF has also gained extensive attention. This review summarized the source of polysaccharides, the drug activity of traditional Chinese medicine, and the protective effects on targets of Pulmonary fibrosis. We hope it can inspire researchers to design and develop polysaccharides, serving as a reference for potential clinical therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Wu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chegdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianli Huang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chegdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Fan JJ, Mei QX, Deng GY, Huang ZH, Fu Y, Hu JH, Huang CL, Lu YY, Lu LG, Wang XP, Zeng Y. Porous SiO 2 -coated ultrasmall selenium particles nanospheres attenuate cerulein-induce acute pancreatitis in mice by downregulating oxidative stress. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:363-372. [PMID: 33844454 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential therapeutic role of porous SiO2 -coated ultrasmall selenium particles nanospheres (Se@SiO2 nanospheres) pretreatment in acute pancreatitis (AP) and to investigate the related mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomized to the normal control (CON) group, the AP (induced by cerulein injection) (CAE) group, and AP pretreated with Se@SiO2 nanocomposites at 1 and 2 mg/kg (CAE + 1 or 2 mg/kg Se@SiO2 ) groups, respectively. Serum levels of amylase and lipase, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured, and histopathology was performed to examine the tissue samples of the pancreas, lungs, kidneys and liver. Immunofluorescence assay of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling were conducted, and levels of MPO, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were evaluated. Finally, Western blot analysis was used to evaluate protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, TLR4, MyD88 and p-p65 in pancreatic tissue. RESULTS Se@SiO2 nanospheres alleviated pathological damage to the pancreas, and reduced pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. Injury to other organs such as the liver, lungs and kidneys was also alleviated, as indicated by decreased ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr levels as well as improved histopathology. Moreover, Se@SiO2 nanospheres reduced oxidative stress, and ultimately inhibited TLR4/ MyD88/p-p65 pathway and increased the protein expressions of NQO1, Nrf2, and HO-1. CONCLUSION Se@SiO2 nanospheres may alleviate AP by relieving oxidative stress and targeting the TLR4/Myd88/p-p65 and NQO1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xiang Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Ying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Hua Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Lan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun Gen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Estaras M, Gonzalez-Portillo MR, Martinez R, Garcia A, Estevez M, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Mateos JM, Vara D, Blanco-Fernández G, Lopez-Guerra D, Roncero V, Salido GM, Gonzalez A. Melatonin Modulates the Antioxidant Defenses and the Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators in Pancreatic Stellate Cells Subjected to Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040577. [PMID: 33918063 PMCID: PMC8070371 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play a major role in the formation of fibrotic tissue in pancreatic tumors. On its side, melatonin is a putative therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer and inflammation. In this work, the actions of melatonin on PSC subjected to hypoxia were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) levels of glutathione, and protein and lipid oxidation were analyzed. The phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), and the regulatory protein nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha (IκBα) was studied. The expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also studied. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was assayed. Finally, cell viability was studied. Under hypoxia and in the presence of melatonin generation of ROS was observed. No increases in the oxidation of proteins or lipids were detected. The phosphorylation of Nrf2 and the expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalase, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase-1, SOD1, and of SOD2 were augmented. The TAC was increased. Protein kinase C was involved in the effects of melatonin. Melatonin decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio at the highest concentration tested. Cell viability dropped in the presence of melatonin. Finally, melatonin diminished the phosphorylation of NF-kB and the expression of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Our results indicate that melatonin, at pharmacological concentrations, modulates the red-ox state, viability, and the expression of proinflammatory mediators in PSC subjected to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Manuel R. Gonzalez-Portillo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Remigio Martinez
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Garcia
- Department of Animal Production, CICYTEX-La Orden, 06187 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Mario Estevez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, Food Technology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Miguel Fernandez-Bermejo
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (J.M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Jose M. Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (J.M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniel Vara
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (J.M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Gerardo Blanco-Fernández
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, 06080 Badajoz, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (D.L.-G.)
| | - Diego Lopez-Guerra
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Infanta Cristina Hospital, 06080 Badajoz, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (D.L.-G.)
| | - Vicente Roncero
- Unit of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Gines M. Salido
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Younger J, Donovan EK, Hodgin KS, Ness TJ. A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Reishi Mushroom ( Ganoderma lucidum), Stinging Nettle ( Urtica dioica), and Epimedium ( Epimedium sagittatum). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073671. [PMID: 33915962 PMCID: PMC8037868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This report is third in a three-part clinical trial series screening potential treatments for Gulf War Illness (GWI). The goal of the project was to rapidly identify agents to prioritize for further efficacy research. We used a placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover design to test the effects of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), stinging nettle (Uritca dioica), and epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum) in 29 men with GWI. Participants completed 30 days of symptom reports for baseline, then a botanical line consisting of 30 days of placebo, followed by 30 days each of lower-dose and higher-dose botanical. After completing a botanical line, participants were randomized to complete the protocol with another botanical, until they completed three botanical trials. GWI symptom severity, pain, and fatigue were contrasted between the four conditions (baseline, placebo, lower-dose, higher dose) using linear mixed models. GWI symptom severity was unchanged from placebo in the reishi lower-dose condition (p = 0.603), and was higher in the higher-dose condition (p = 0.012). Symptom severity was not decreased from placebo with lower-dose stinging nettle (p = 0.604), but was significantly decreased with higher-dose stinging nettle (p = 0.048). Epimedium showed no significant decreases of GWI symptoms in the lower (p = 0.936) or higher (p = 0.183) dose conditions. Stinging nettle, especially at higher daily dosages, may help reduce the symptoms of GWI. Epimedium does not appear to beneficially affect GWI symptom severity, and reishi may exaggerate symptoms in some GWI sufferers. These results are in a small sample and are preliminary. Further research is required to determine if stinging nettle is indeed helpful for the treatment of GWI, and what dosage is optimal. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02909686).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred Younger
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 233, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-975-5907
| | - Emily K. Donovan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, White House, 806 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Kathleen S. Hodgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 233, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Ness
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BMR2-208, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
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Cai D, Zhang JJ, Wu ZH, Qin FY, Yan YM, Zhang M, Cheng YX. Lucidumones B-H, racemic meroterpenoids that inhibit tumor cell migration from Ganoderma lucidum. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104774. [PMID: 33711656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Seven new meroterpenoids, lucidumones B-H (1 and 3-8), along with one known meroterpenoid (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. The structures of the new compounds were assigned by spectroscopic and computational methods. All the isolated compounds were tested for their inhibition on human cancer cell migration. It was found that compounds (-)-1, (+)-2, (-)-4, (+)-6, and (+)-8 could significantly inhibit cell migration in KYSE30 cell line. Further examination disclosed that cell migration inhibition of (+)-6 and (+)-8 might be related with downregulation of N-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Hong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ying Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.
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Amauroderma rugosum Protects PC12 Cells against 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity through Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6683270. [PMID: 33628381 PMCID: PMC7889343 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (AR) is a dietary mushroom in the Ganodermataceae family whose pharmacological activity and medicinal value have rarely been reported. In this study, the antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects of AR were investigated. The aqueous extract of AR was confirmed to contain phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. The results of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity assays revealed that AR extract scavenged reactive oxygen species. Moreover, AR extract decreased the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In addition, 6-OHDA upregulated the expressions of proapoptotic proteins and downregulated the Akt (protein kinase B)/mTOR- (mammalian target of rapamycin-) and MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/ERK- (extracellular signal-regulated kinases-) dependent signaling pathways. These effects of 6-OHDA were abolished or partially reversed by AR extract. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of AR in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells were significantly abolished by Akt and MEK inhibitor. Thus, AR extract possesses neuroprotective effects, probably through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. These findings suggest the potential application of AR in the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
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Kang LH, Zhang GW, Zhang JF, Qin B, Guan HJ. Ganoderic acid A protects lens epithelial cells from UVB irradiation and delays lens opacity. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:934-940. [PMID: 33357724 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A contributory role of oxidative stress and protection by antioxidant nutrients have been suspected in cataract formation. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), an effective lanostane triterpene, is widely reported as an antioxidant. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of GAA on cataract formation. After lens epithelial cells (LECs) were exposed to UVB radiation for different periods, cell viability, apoptosis-related protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were monitored. We found that cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and SOD activity were increased, while Cleaved caspase-3 levels and MDA activity were decreased compared with those in UVB-impaired LECs after GAA treated. Furthermore, GAA activated PI3K/AKT in UVB-impaired LECs and effectively delayed the occurrence of lens opacity in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that GAA exhibited protective functions in SRA01/04 cells and rat lenses against UVB-evoked impairment through elevating cell viability and antioxidant activity, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and delaying lens opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Bai Qin
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Huai-Jin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.
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