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Luo G, Yang Q, Yao B, Tian Y, Hou R, Shao A, Li M, Feng Z, Wang W. Slp-coated liposomes for drug delivery and biomedical applications: potential and challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1359-1383. [PMID: 30863066 PMCID: PMC6388732 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Slp forms a crystalline array of proteins on the outermost envelope of bacteria and archaea with a molecular weight of 40-200 kDa. Slp can self-assemble on the surface of liposomes in a proper environment via electrostatic interactions, which could be employed to functionalize liposomes by forming Slp-coated liposomes for various applications. Among the molecular characteristics, the stability, adhesion, and immobilization of biomacromolecules are regarded as the most meaningful. Compared to plain liposomes, Slp-coated liposomes show excellent physicochemical and biological stabilities. Recently, Slp-coated liposomes were shown to specifically adhere to the gastrointestinal tract, which was attributed to the "ligand-receptor interaction" effect. Furthermore, Slp as a "bridge" can immobilize functional biomacromol-ecules on the surface of liposomes via protein fusion technology or intermolecular forces, endowing liposomes with beneficial functions. In view of these favorable features, Slp-coated liposomes are highly likely to be an ideal platform for drug delivery and biomedical uses. This review aims to provide a general framework for the structure and characteristics of Slp and the interactions between Slp and liposomes, to highlight the unique properties and drug delivery as well as the biomedical applications of the Slp-coated liposomes, and to discuss the ongoing challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingliang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Bingpeng Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
- Department of Green Pharmaceutics, Jianxing Honors College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangfan Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Anna Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Zilin Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
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Walsh G. Industrial Enzymes: An Introduction. Proteins 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119117599.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ruinatscha R, Karande R, Buehler K, Schmid A. Integrated one-pot enrichment and immobilization of styrene monooxygenase (StyA) using SEPABEAD EC-EA and EC-Q1A anion-exchange carriers. Molecules 2011; 16:5975-88. [PMID: 21769063 PMCID: PMC6264573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward one-pot procedure combining enrichment and immobilization of recombinantely expressed FADH2 dependent styrene monooxygenase (StyA) directly from Escherichia coli cell extracts was investigated. Sepabeads EC-EA and EC-Q1A anion-exchange carriers were employed to non-covalently adsorb StyA from the cell extracts depending on basic parameters such as varying initial protein concentrations and pH. The protein fraction of the cell extract contained around 25% StyA. At low initial protein concentrations (2.5 mg mL−1) and pH 6, the enzyme could be enriched up to 52.4% on Sepabeads EC-EA and up to 46.0% on Sepabeads EC-Q1A, accounting for an almost complete StyA adsorption from the cell extracts. Higher initial protein concentrations were necessary to exploit the high loading capacity of the beads. At 20 mg mL−1, up to 37.6% of the theoretical bead loading capacity could be utilized for StyA binding using Sepabeads EC-EA, and 34.0% using Sepabeads EC-Q1A. For both carriers, protein leakage under reaction conditions could be reduced to less than 2%. During assays, the FADH2 cofactor necessary for StyA activity was supplied by the NADH-FAD reductase component styrene monooxygenase B (StyB). StyA immobilized on Sepabeads EC-Q1A displayed twice as high styrene epoxidation rates (0.2 U mgStyA−1) as compared to Sepabeads EC-EA. This activity could be increased to 0.7 U mgStyA−1 by co-immobilizing StyB on Sepabeads EC-Q1A, which corresponds to 33% of the soluble StyA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Schmid
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +49-231-755-7380; Fax: +49-231-755-7382
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Lu SZ, Wang XQ, Uppal N, Kaplan DL, Li MZ. Stabilization of horseradish peroxidase in silk materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11706-009-0058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lu S, Wang X, Lu Q, Hu X, Uppal N, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Stabilization of enzymes in silk films. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1032-42. [PMID: 19323497 DOI: 10.1021/bm800956n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Material systems are needed that promote stabilization of entrained molecules, such as enzymes or therapeutic proteins, without destroying their activity. We demonstrate that the unique structure of silk fibroin protein, when assembled into the solid state, establishes an environment that is conducive to the stabilization of entrained proteins. Enzymes (glucose oxidase, lipase, and horseradish peroxidase) entrapped in these films over 10 months retained significant activity, even when stored at 37 degrees C, and in the case of glucose oxidase did not lose any activity. Further, the mode of processing of the silk protein into the films could be correlated to the stability of the enzymes. The relationship between processing and stability offers a large suite of conditions within which to optimize such stabilization processes. Overall, the techniques reported here result in materials that stabilize enzymes to an extent, without the need for cryoprotectants, emulsifiers, covalent immobilization, or other treatments. Further, these systems are amenable to optical applications and characterization, environmental distribution without refrigeration, are ingestible, and offer potential use in vivo, because silk materials are biocompatible and FDA approved, degradable with proteases, and currently used in biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhou Lu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Wohlgemuth R. Modular and scalable biocatalytic tools for practical safety, health and environmental improvements in the production of speciality chemicals. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701379759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Correia I, Aksu S, Adão P, Pessoa JC, Sheldon RA, Arends IW. Vanadate substituted phytase: Immobilization, structural characterization and performance for sulfoxidations. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:318-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu Z, Pscheidt B, Avi M, Gaisberger R, Hartner FS, Schuster C, Skranc W, Gruber K, Glieder A. Laboratory Evolved Biocatalysts for Stereoselective Syntheses of Substituted Benzaldehyde Cyanohydrins. Chembiochem 2008; 9:58-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vázquez-Figueroa E, Chaparro-Riggers J, Bommarius AS. Development of a Thermostable Glucose Dehydrogenase by a Structure-Guided Consensus Concept. Chembiochem 2007; 8:2295-301. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schäffer C, Novotny R, Küpcü S, Zayni S, Scheberl A, Friedmann J, Sleytr UB, Messner P. Novel biocatalysts based on S-layer self-assembly of Geobacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a: a nanobiotechnological approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1549-59. [PMID: 17786898 PMCID: PMC4388724 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline cell-surface (S) layer sgsE of Geobacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a represents a natural protein self-assembly system with nanometer-scale periodicity that is evaluated as a combined carrier/patterning element for the conception of novel types of biocatalyst aiming at the controllable display of biocatalytic epitopes, storage stability, and reuse. The glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase RmlA is used as a model enzyme and chimeric proteins are constructed by translational fusion of rmlA to the C-terminus of truncated forms of sgsE (rSgsE (131-903), rSgsE(331-903)) and used for the construction of three principal types of biocatalysts: soluble (monomeric), self-assembled in aqueous solution, and recrystallized on negatively charged liposomes. Enzyme activity of the biocatalysts reaches up to 100 % compared to sole RmlA cloned from the same bacterium. The S-layer portion of the biocatalysts confers significantly improved shelf life to the fused enzyme without loss of activity over more than three months, and also enables biocatalyst recycling. These nanopatterned composites may open up new functional concepts for biocatalytic applications in nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schäffer
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Center for NanoBiotechnology, Wien, Austria.
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Abstract
Various practical challenges involved in controlling living organisms must be surmounted if synthetic biology is to be productive. Efforts to manipulate living organisms have raised the question of whether engineering principles of hierarchy, abstraction and design can be applied to biological systems. Here, we consider the practical challenges to controlling living organisms that must be surmounted, or at least managed, if synthetic biology and cellular bioengineering are to be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Arkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Méndez JJ, Oromi M, Cervero M, Balcells M, Torres M, Canela R. Combining regio- and enantioselectivity of lipases for the preparation of (R)-4-chloro-2-butanol. Chirality 2006; 19:44-50. [PMID: 17089342 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of 98% ee (R)-4-chloro-2-butanol was carried out by the enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorohydrin esters, using fungal resting cells and commercial enzymes. Hydrolyzes were carried out using lipases from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435), C. rugosa, Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme IM), Burkolia cepacia, and resting cells of Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus. The influence of the enzyme, the solvent, the temperature, and the alkyl chain length on the selectivity of hydrolyzes of isomeric mixtures of chlorohydrin esters is described. Regioselectivity was higher than 95% for some of the tested lipases. Novozym 435 allowed preparation of the (R)-4-chloro-2-butanol after 15 min of reaction at 30-40 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonh J Méndez
- Chemistry Department, Lleida University, Lleida, Spain
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