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Lahdenperä S, Spangar A, Lempainen AM, Joki L, Soukka T. An integrated closed-tube 2-plex PCR amplification and hybridization assay with switchable lanthanide luminescence based spatial detection. Analyst 2015; 140:3960-8. [PMID: 25882638 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Switchable lanthanide luminescence is a binary probe technology that inherently enables a high signal modulation in separation-free detection of DNA targets. A luminescent lanthanide complex is formed only when the two probes hybridize adjacently to their target DNA. We have now further adapted this technology for the first time in the integration of a 2-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and hybridization-based solid-phase detection of the amplification products of the Staphylococcus aureus gyrB gene and an internal amplification control (IAC). The assay was performed in a sealed polypropylene PCR chip containing a flat-bottom reaction chamber with two immobilized capture probe spots. The surface of the reaction chamber was functionalized with NHS-PEG-azide and alkyne-modified capture probes for each amplicon, labeled with a light harvesting antenna ligand, and covalently attached as spots to the azide-modified reaction chamber using a copper(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Asymmetric duplex-PCR was then performed with no template, one template or both templates present and with a europium ion carrier chelate labeled probe for each amplicon in the reaction. After amplification europium fluorescence was measured by scanning the reaction chamber as a 10 × 10 raster with 0.6 mm resolution in time-resolved mode. With this assay we were able to co-amplify and detect the amplification products of the gyrB target from 100, 1000 and 10,000 copies of isolated S. aureus DNA together with the amplification products from the initial 5000 copies of the synthetic IAC template in the same sealed reaction chamber. The addition of 10,000 copies of isolated non-target Escherichia coli DNA in the same reaction with 5000 copies of the synthetic IAC template did not interfere with the amplification or detection of the IAC. The dynamic range of the assay for the synthetic S. aureus gyrB target was three orders of magnitude and the limit of detection of 8 pM was obtained. This proof-of-concept study shows that the switchable lanthanide luminescent probes enable separation-free array-based multiplexed detection of the amplification products in a closed-tube PCR which can enable a higher degree of multiplexing than is currently feasible by using different spectrally separated fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lahdenperä
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A 6th floor, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Fischer T, Dietrich PM, Streeck C, Ray S, Nutsch A, Shard A, Beckhoff B, Unger WES, Rurack K. Quantification of Variable Functional-Group Densities of Mixed-Silane Monolayers on Surfaces via a Dual-Mode Fluorescence and XPS Label. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2685-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503850f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fischer
- Division
1.9 Chemical and Optical Sensing, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul M. Dietrich
- Division
6.8 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Streeck
- X-ray
and IR Spectrometry Group, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB, Abbestrasse
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Santanu Ray
- Surface
and Nanoanalysis Group, Analytical Science Division, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Nutsch
- X-ray
and IR Spectrometry Group, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB, Abbestrasse
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex Shard
- Surface
and Nanoanalysis Group, Analytical Science Division, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Burkhard Beckhoff
- X-ray
and IR Spectrometry Group, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB, Abbestrasse
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. S. Unger
- Division
6.8 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Rurack
- Division
1.9 Chemical and Optical Sensing, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Schröter A, Franzka S, Hartmann N. Photothermal laser fabrication of micro- and nanostructured chemical templates for directed protein immobilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14841-14848. [PMID: 25397891 DOI: 10.1021/la503814n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal patterning of poly(ethylene glycol) terminated organic monolayers on surface-oxidized silicon substrates is carried out using a microfocused beam of a CW laser operated at a wavelength of 532 nm. Trichlorosilane and trimethoxysilane precursors are used for coating. Monolayers from trimethoxysilane precursors show negligible unspecific protein adsorption in the background, i.e., provide platforms of superior protein repellency. Laser patterning results in decomposition of the monolayers and yields chemical templates for directed immobilization of proteins at predefined positions. Characterization is carried out via complementary analytical methods including fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Appropriate labeling techniques (fluorescent markers and gold clusters) and substrates (native and thermally oxidized silicon substrates) are chosen in order to facilitate identification of protein adsorption and ensure high sensitivity and selectivity. Variation of the laser parameters at a 1/e(2) spot diameter of 2.8 μm allows for fabrication of protein binding domains with diameters on the micrometer and nanometer length scale. Minimum domain sizes are about 300 nm. In addition to unspecific protein adsorption on as-patterned monolayers, biotin-streptavidin coupling chemistry is exploited for specific protein binding. This approach represents a novel facile laser-based means for fabrication of protein micro- and nanopatterns. The routine is readily applicable to femtosecond laser processing of glass substrates for the fabrication of transparent templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schröter
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen , 45117 Essen, Germany
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Hecht M, Fischer T, Dietrich P, Kraus W, Descalzo AB, Unger WES, Rurack K. Fluorinated Boron-Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Dyes: Bright and Versatile Probes for Surface Analysis. ChemistryOpen 2013; 2:25-38. [PMID: 24551526 PMCID: PMC3594589 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of bright boron-dipyrromethene-type fluorophores with a high number of fluorine atoms (F-BODIPYs) has been developed and characterized by X-ray crystallography and optical spectroscopy. The introduction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and pentafluorophenyl moieties significantly enhances the photostability of such dyes, yielding for instance photostable near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores that show emission maxima>750 nm, when the BODIPY's π system is extended with two (dimethylamino)styryl and (dimethylamino)naphthastyryl moieties, or green-emitting BODIPYs with fluorescence quantum yields of unity. When equipped with a suitable group that selectively reacts for instance with amines, F-BODIPYs can be used as potent dual labels for the quantification of primary amino groups on surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence, two powerful yet complementary tools for the analysis of organic surface functional groups. The advantage of reactive F-BODIPYs is that they allow a fast and non-destructive mapping of the labelled supports with conventional fluorescence scanners and a subsequent quantification of selected areas of the same sample by the potentially traceable XPS technique. The performance is exemplarily shown here for the assessment of the amino group density on SiO2 supports, one of the most common reactive silica supports, in particular, for standard microarray applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Hecht
- Division 1.9 Sensor Materials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Tobias Fischer
- Division 1.9 Sensor Materials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Paul Dietrich
- Division 6.8 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Werner Kraus
- Division 1.3 Structural Analysis, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Ana B Descalzo
- Division 1.9 Sensor Materials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Wolfgang E S Unger
- Division 6.8 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Knut Rurack
- Division 1.9 Sensor Materials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany) E-mail:
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Ham HO, Liu Z, Lau KHA, Lee H, Messersmith PB. Facile DNA immobilization on surfaces through a catecholamine polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:732-6. [PMID: 21226165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ok Ham
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Ham HO, Liu Z, Lau KHA, Lee H, Messersmith PB. Facile DNA Immobilization on Surfaces through a Catecholamine Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gu H, Duits MHG, Mugele F. A hybrid microfluidic chip with electrowetting functionality using ultraviolet (UV)-curable polymer. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1550-1556. [PMID: 20517557 DOI: 10.1039/c001524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrowetting (EW) is widely used in digital microfluidics for the manipulation of drops sandwiched between two parallel plates. In contrast, demonstrations of closed microfluidic channels enhanced with EW functionality are scarce. Here, we report a simple, low-cost method to construct such microchannels enclosed between two glass plates, each of which comprises electrodes and insulating layers. Our method uses soft imprint lithography with thiolene precursors to design the channel geometry. UV exposure is used to seal the chips permanently and a silanization treatment renders all inner channel surfaces hydrophobic. Compared to earlier polydimethylsiloxane-based designs, this method allows us to make microchannels with smaller dimensions (down to 10 microns), lower aspect ratios (down to height/length=1/10), and symmetric electrodes both on the top and the bottom of the channel. We demonstrate the new capabilities with two examples: (i) EW-enhanced drop generation in a flow focusing geometry allows precise and continuous control on drop diameter in the range approximately 1-15 microns while maintaining monodispersity; (ii) EW allows tuning of the excess water pressure needed to displace oil in a microchannel, leading to spontaneous imbibition at EW number eta>0.89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Physics of Complex Fluids, Department of Science & Technology, IMPACT and MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Stadermann J, Erber M, Komber H, Brandt J, Eichhorn KJ, Bönsch M, Mertig M, Voit B. Photopatternable Films of Block Copolymers Prepared through Double-Click Reaction. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100109t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stadermann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Erber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Josef Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bönsch
- BioNanotechnology and Structure Formation Group, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Mertig
- BioNanotechnology and Structure Formation Group, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Domachuk P, Tsioris K, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Bio-microfluidics: biomaterials and biomimetic designs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:249-60. [PMID: 20217686 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-microfluidics applies biomaterials and biologically inspired structural designs (biomimetics) to microfluidic devices. Microfluidics, the techniques for constraining fluids on the micrometer and sub-micrometer scale, offer applications ranging from lab-on-a-chip to optofluidics. Despite this wealth of applications, the design of typical microfluidic devices imparts relatively simple, laminar behavior on fluids and is realized using materials and techniques from silicon planar fabrication. On the other hand, highly complex microfluidic behavior is commonplace in nature, where fluids with nonlinear rheology flow through chaotic vasculature composed from a range of biopolymers. In this Review, the current state of bio-microfluidic materials, designs and applications are examined. Biopolymers enable bio-microfluidic devices with versatile functionalization chemistries, flexibility in fabrication, and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Polymeric materials such as alginate, collagen, chitosan, and silk are being explored as bulk and film materials for bio-microfluidics. Hydrogels offer options for mechanically functional devices for microfluidic systems such as self-regulating valves, microlens arrays and drug release systems, vital for integrated bio-microfluidic devices. These devices including growth factor gradients to study cell responses, blood analysis, biomimetic capillary designs, and blood vessel tissue culture systems, as some recent examples of inroads in the field that should lead the way in a new generation of microfluidic devices for bio-related needs and applications. Perhaps one of the most intriguing directions for the future will be fully implantable microfluidic devices that will also integrate with existing vasculature and slowly degrade to fully recapitulate native tissue structure and function, yet serve critical interim functions, such as tissue maintenance, drug release, mechanical support, and cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Domachuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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10
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Ganesan R, Kratz K, Lendlein A. Multicomponent protein patterning of material surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b926690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Klingebiel B, Schröter A, Franzka S, Hartmann N. Photothermally Induced Microchemical Functionalization of Organic Monolayers. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:2000-3. [PMID: 19472257 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klingebiel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Lai SL, Huang S, Bi X, Yang KL. Optical imaging of surface-immobilized oligonucleotide probes on DNA microarrays using liquid crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:311-6. [PMID: 19067505 DOI: 10.1021/la802672b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a new label-free method for the imaging of immobilized oligonucleotide probes on DNA microarrays. The imaging principle is based on the disruption of orientations of nematic liquid crystals (LCs), 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), by the immobilized oligonucleotides on a surface. Because LCs are birefringent materials, disruption of their orientations by the immobilized oligonucleotides can manifest as optical signals visible to the naked eye. LC cells with two homeotropic boundary conditions, which align 5CB perpendicularly to both surfaces, were developed to deliver a distinct contrast between a dark background and a bright image caused by the immobilized oligonucleotides. This design also allows the quantification of immobilized oligonucleotide concentrations through the interference colors of LCs. The LC-based imaging method has a good signal-to-noise ratio and a clear distinction between positive and negative results and is nondestructive to the immobilized oligonucleotides. These advantages make it a promising means of assessing the quality of DNA microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok Lian Lai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
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Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schröder H, Niemeyer CM, Waldmann H. Chemical strategies for generating protein biochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9618-47. [PMID: 19025742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein biochips are at the heart of many medical and bioanalytical applications. Increasing interest has been focused on surface activation and subsequent functionalization strategies for immobilizing these biomolecules. Different approaches using covalent and noncovalent chemistry are reviewed; particular emphasis is placed on the chemical specificity of protein attachment and on retention of protein function. Strategies for creating protein patterns (as opposed to protein arrays) are also outlined. An outlook on promising and challenging future directions for protein biochip research and applications is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schröder H, Niemeyer C, Waldmann H. Chemische Verfahren zur Herstellung von Proteinbiochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Stegmaier P, Alonso JM, Campo AD. Photoresponsive surfaces with two independent wavelength-selective functional levels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11872-11879. [PMID: 18817427 DOI: 10.1021/la802052u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two photoremovable protecting groups, namely, nitroveratryloxycarbonyl (NVo) and diethylamino-coumarin-4-yl (DEACM), have been tested for wavelength-selective, independent removal. The chromophores were attached to the amine group of aminopropyltriethoxysilane and used for the modification of silica surfaces. A photolytic experiment on the photosensitive layers allowed us to identify the irradiation conditions for the selective cleavage of the chromophores. UV measurements revealed that the photolabile DEACM group can be cleaved off with UV light at 412 nm without damaging the NVo group. The NVo group could then be removed at 365 nm. Masked irradiation of substrates modified with a 1:1 molar mixture of both silanes allowed the generation of bifunctional patterns after the selective cleavage of DEACM and NVo in a sequential irradiation process. The deprotection reaction was confirmed by coupling two different fluorescent dyes to the liberated amine groups. The expected two-color pattern could be observed by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Stegmaier
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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