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Dasgupta K, Hotton S, Belknap W, Syed Y, Dardick C, Thilmony R, Thomson JG. Isolation of novel citrus and plum fruit promoters and their functional characterization for fruit biotechnology. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:43. [PMID: 32819338 PMCID: PMC7439555 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Promoters that confer expression in fruit tissues are important tools for genetic engineering of fruit quality traits, yet few fruit-specific promoters have been identified, particularly for citrus fruit development. Results In this study, we report five citrus fruit-specific/preferential promoters for genetic engineering. Additionally, we have characterized a novel fruit-preferential promoter from plum. Genes specifically expressed in fruit tissues were selected and their isolated promoter regions were fused with the GUSPlus reporter gene for evaluation in transgenic plants. Stable transformation in Micro-Tom tomato demonstrated that the candidate promoter regions exhibit differing levels of expression and with varying degrees of fruit specificity. Conclusions Among the five candidate citrus promoters characterized in this study, the CitSEP promoter showed a fruit-specific expression pattern, while the CitWAX and CitJuSac promoters exhibited high fruit-preferential expression with strong activity in the fruit, weak activity in floral tissues and low or undetectable activity in other tissues. The CitVO1, CitUNK and PamMybA promoters, while exhibiting strong fruit-preferential expression, also showed consistent weak but detectable activity in leaves and other vegetative tissues. Use of these fruit specific/preferential promoters for genetic engineering can help with precise expression of beneficial genes and help with accurate prediction of the activity of new genes in host fruit plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Dasgupta
- Citrus Research Board, Visalia, CA, USA.,Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA.,Present address: Impossible Foods, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Sara Hotton
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA
| | - William Belknap
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Yasra Syed
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Dardick
- Genetic Improvement of Fruit Crops using advanced Genomics and Breeding Technologies, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Roger Thilmony
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA.
| | - James G Thomson
- Crop Improvement and Genetics, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA.
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Sundaresan S, Philosoph-Hadas S, Ma C, Jiang CZ, Riov J, Mugasimangalam R, Kochanek B, Salim S, Reid MS, Meir S. The Tomato Hybrid Proline-rich Protein regulates the abscission zone competence to respond to ethylene signals. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:28. [PMID: 29872533 PMCID: PMC5981600 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Tomato Hybrid Proline-rich Protein (THyPRP) gene was specifically expressed in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flower abscission zone (FAZ), and its stable antisense silencing under the control of an abscission zone (AZ)-specific promoter, Tomato Abscission Polygalacturonase4, significantly inhibited tomato pedicel abscission following flower removal. For understanding the THyPRP role in regulating pedicel abscission, a transcriptomic analysis of the FAZ of THyPRP-silenced plants was performed, using a newly developed AZ-specific tomato microarray chip. Decreased expression of THyPRP in the silenced plants was already observed before abscission induction, resulting in FAZ-specific altered gene expression of transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, post-translational regulators, and transporters. Our data demonstrate that the effect of THyPRP silencing on pedicel abscission was not mediated by its effect on auxin balance, but by decreased ethylene biosynthesis and response. Additionally, THyPRP silencing revealed new players, which were demonstrated for the first time to be involved in regulating pedicel abscission processes. These include: gibberellin perception, Ca2+-Calmodulin signaling, Serpins and Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier proteins involved in post-translational modifications, Synthaxin and SNARE-like proteins, which participate in exocytosis, a process necessary for cell separation. These changes, occurring in the silenced plants early after flower removal, inhibited and/or delayed the acquisition of the competence of the FAZ cells to respond to ethylene signaling. Our results suggest that THyPRP acts as a master regulator of flower abscission in tomato, predominantly by playing a role in the regulation of the FAZ cell competence to respond to ethylene signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Present Address: Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Present Address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Crops Pathology & Genetic Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA USA
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raja Mugasimangalam
- Department of Bioinformatics, QTLomics Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Betina Kochanek
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Shoshana Salim
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyon, Israel
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Czerednik A, Busscher M, Angenent GC, de Maagd RA. The cell size distribution of tomato fruit can be changed by overexpression of CDKA1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:259-268. [PMID: 25283700 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world and an important ingredient of the human diet. Tomato breeders and growers face a continuous challenge of combining high quantity (production volume) with high quality (appearance, taste and perception for the consumers, processing quality for the processing industry). To improve the quality of tomato, it is important to understand the regulation of fruit development and of fruit cellular structure, which is in part determined by the sizes and numbers of cells within a tissue. The role of the cell cycle therein is poorly understood. Plant cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are homologues of yeast cdc2, an important cell cycle regulator conserved throughout all eukaryotes. CDKA1 is constitutively expressed during the cell cycle and has dual functions in S- and M-phase progression. We have produced transgenic tomato plants with increased expression of CDKA1 under the control of the fruit-specific TPRP promoter, which despite a reduced number of seeds and diminished amount of jelly, developed fruits with weight and shape comparable to that of wild-type fruits. However, the phenotypic changes with regard to the pericarp thickness and placenta area were remarkable. Fruits of tomato plants with the highest expression of CDKA1 had larger septa and columella (placenta), compared with wild-type fruits. Our data demonstrate the possibility of manipulating the ratio between cell division and expansion by changing the expression of a key cell cycle regulator and probably its activity with substantial effects on structural traits of the harvested fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czerednik
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Slater A, Fowler M, Kirby M, Scott N, Elliott M. Strategies for Manipulation of Sugar Beet Storage Organ Morphology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1994.10818785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Czerednik A, Busscher M, Bielen BA, Wolters-Arts M, de Maagd RA, Angenent GC. Regulation of tomato fruit pericarp development by an interplay between CDKB and CDKA1 cell cycle genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2605-17. [PMID: 22282536 PMCID: PMC3346228 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth of tomato fruits is determined by cell division and cell expansion, which are tightly controlled by factors that drive the core cell cycle. The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their interacting partners, the cyclins, play a key role in the progression of the cell cycle. In this study the role of CDKA1, CDKB1, and CDKB2 in fruit development was characterized by fruit-specific overexpression and down-regulation. CDKA1 is expressed in the pericarp throughout development, but is strongly up-regulated in the outer pericarp cell layers at the end of the growth period, when CDKB gene expression has ceased. Overexpression of the CDKB genes at later stages of development and the down-regulation of CDKA1 result in a very similar fruit phenotype, showing a reduction in the number of cell layers in the pericarp and alterations in the desiccation of the fruits. Expression studies revealed that CDKA1 is down-regulated by the expression of CDKB1/2 in CDKB1 and CDKB2 overexpression mutants, suggesting opposite roles for these types of CDK proteins in tomato pericarp development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czerednik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Busscher
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram A.M. Bielen
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Wolters-Arts
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A. de Maagd
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Menossi M, Rabaneda F, Puigdomènech P, Martínez-Izquierdo JA. Analysis of regulatory elements of the promoter and the 3' untranslated region of the maize Hrgp gene coding for a cell wall protein. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003; 21:916-923. [PMID: 12789511 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2002] [Revised: 01/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) are structural components of the plant cell wall. Hrgp genes from maize and related species have a conserved 500 bp sequence in the 5'-flanking region, and all Hrgp genes from monocots have an intron located in the 3' untranslated region. To study the role of these conserved regions, several deletions of the Hrgp gene were fused to the beta-glucuronidase ( GUS) gene and used to transform maize tissues by particle bombardment. The overall pattern of GUS activity directed by sequential deletions of the Hrgp promoter was different in embryos and young shoots. In embryos, the activity of the full-length Hrgp promoter was in the same range as that of the p35SI promoter construct, based on the strong 35S promoter, whereas in the fast-growing young shoots it was 20 times higher. A putative silencer element specific for young shoots was found in the -1,076/-700 promoter region. Other major cis elements for Hrgp expression are probably located in the regions spanning -699/-510 and -297/-160. Sequences close to the initial ATG and mRNA leader were also important since deletion of the region -52/+16 caused a 75% reduction in promoter activity. The presence of the Hrgp intron in the 3' untranslated region changed the levels of GUS activity directed by the Hrgp and the 35S promoters. This pattern of activity was complex, and was dependent on the promoter and cell type analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Menossi
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CxP 6010, CEP 13083-970, Campinas SP, Brazil.
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Josè-Estanyol, Puigdomènech. Developmental and Hormonal Regulation of Genes Coding for Proline-Rich Proteins in Female Inflorescences and Kernels of Maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 116:485-94. [PMID: 9490753 PMCID: PMC35105 DOI: 10.1104/pp.116.2.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/1997] [Accepted: 10/21/1997] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of expression of two genes coding for proteins rich in proline, HyPRP (hybrid proline-rich protein) and HRGP (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein), has been studied in maize (Zea mays) embryos by RNA analysis and in situ hybridization. mRNA accumulation is high during the first 20 d after pollination, and disappears in the maturation stages of embryogenesis. The two genes are also expressed during the development of the pistillate spikelet and during the first stages of embryo development in adjacent but different tissues. HyPRP mRNA accumulates mainly in the scutellum and HRGP mRNA mainly in the embryo axis and the suspensor. The two genes appear to be under the control of different regulatory pathways during embryogenesis. We show that HyPRP is repressed by abscisic acid and stress treatments, with the exception of cold treatment. In contrast, HRGP is affected positively by specific stress treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè-Estanyol
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, Centre d'Investigació i Desenvolupament, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Jordi Girona Salgado 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Choi DW, Song JY, Kwon YM, Kim SG. Characterization of a cDNA encoding a proline-rich 14 kDa protein in developing cortical cells of the roots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 30:973-82. [PMID: 8639755 DOI: 10.1007/bf00020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone, corresponding to mRNAs preferentially expressed in the roots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings, was isolated. This clone contains a 381 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 13.5 kDa, designated PVR5 (Phaseolus vulgaris root 5). The amino acid sequence of this clone is rich in proline (13.5%) and leucine (12.7%) and shares significant amino acid sequence homology with root-specific and proline-rich proteins from monocots (maize and rice), and proline-rich proteins from dicots (carrot, oilseed rape, and Madagascar periwinkle). The precise biological roles of these polypeptides are unknown. PVR5 mRNA accumulation is developmentally regulated within the root, with high levels at the root apex and declining levels at distances further from the root tip. In situ hybridization shows that PVR5 mRNA specifically accumulates in the cortical ground meristem in which maximal cell division occurs. Southern blot analysis suggests that genomic DNA corresponding to PVR5 cDNA is encoded by a single gene or a small gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Choi
- Department of Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Deutch CE, Winicov I. Post-transcriptional regulation of a salt-inducible alfalfa gene encoding a putative chimeric proline-rich cell wall protein. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 27:411-8. [PMID: 7888629 DOI: 10.1007/bf00020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA previously shown to identify a salt-inducible root-specific transcript in Medicago sativa was used to screen an alfalfa library for the corresponding genomic sequence. One positive clone was recovered. The nucleotide sequence of a subclone contained a 329 bp 5' region upstream of the first ATG codon, a 1143 bp coding segment, and a 447 bp 3'-untranslated region interrupted by a single 475 bp intron. Translation of the coding segment, which was designated MsPRP2, suggested it encodes a chimeric 40,569 Da cell wall protein with an amino-terminal signal sequence, a repetitive proline-rich sequence, and a cysteine-rich carboxyl-terminal sequence homologous to nonspecific lipid transfer proteins. The 3'-untranslated region of MsPRP2 contained a sequence similar to one found to destabilize mRNAs transcribed from the elicitor-regulated proline-rich protein gene PvPRP1. Transcription run-on experiments using nuclei from salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant alfalfa callus suggested that the accumulation of MsPRP2 transcripts in salt-tolerant alfalfa cells grown in the presence of salt is due primarily to increased mRNA stability. The MsPRP2 gene thus may be a useful model for studying post-transcriptional salt-regulated expression of cell wall proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Cell Wall/chemistry
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Medicago sativa/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/biosynthesis
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Deutch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno 89557
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Josè M, Puigdomènech P. Structure and expression of genes coding for structural proteins of the plant cell wall. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1993; 125:259-282. [PMID: 33874499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The best-known protein components of the plant cell wall have highly repetitive, proline-rich sequences. The use of recombinant DNA approaches has enabled complete sequences of these proteins to be determined and features of the expression of the corresponding genes to be examined. These results, coupled with the use of immunological techniques, have shown that proline-rich proteins are interesting probes to study developmental and defence processes in plants. In this review, the sequence and expression of different groups of proline-rich proteins in plants are presented. These groups include hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) or extensins, proline-rich proteins (PRP) and glycine-rich proteins (GRP). The specific features of each group and the possible functions of these proteins are discussed, as well as the data available on the mechanisms controlling the expression of their corresponding genes. Contents Summary 259 I. Introduction 259 II. Hydroxypioline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) 261 III. Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) 270 IV. Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) 274 V. Concluding remarks 277 References 279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Josè
- Departament de Genètica Molecular. CID-CSIC. Jordi Girona, 18.08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Puigdomènech
- Departament de Genètica Molecular. CID-CSIC. Jordi Girona, 18.08034, Barcelona, Spain
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