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Osiak-Wicha C, Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S, Flis M, Świetlicki M, Arciszewski MB. Comparative Analysis of Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Locomotor Elements in Three Duck Species ( Anatidae: Anatinae). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2191. [PMID: 39123717 PMCID: PMC11311000 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ducks (Anatinae) play a crucial role in wetland ecosystems, contributing to seed dispersal and nutrient cycling. This study investigates the skeletal adaptations of three duck species: the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula), and Green-Winged Teal (Anas crecca). The focus is on the tibiotarsus and humerus bones to understand how these adaptations support their different locomotion and habitat preferences. Bone samples n = 6 of deceased ducks (both male and female) from each species (for a total of 36 samples) were cleaned and measured for length, weight, and density. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), and mechanical properties like yield force and stiffness were tested using a 3-point bending test. The results show significant differences in body weight, bone weight, and bone length among the species, with Mallards being the largest and Teals the smallest. Male Teals displayed higher relative bone weight (RBW) in their tibia compared to male Mallards, and male Mallards had significantly lower RBW in the humerus compared to the other species. Female Teals had higher RBW than the other species. Teals also exhibited much lower BMD in the tibia, whereas female Mallards had lower BMD in the humerus. The Seedor index revealed that male Mallards had the highest values in the tibia, while female Teals had the lowest. Mechanical testing indicated that Teals had lower yield force and breaking force in the tibia, whereas Mallards showed the highest stiffness in both bones. Tufted Ducks had intermediate values, consistent with their diving behaviour. These findings suggest that the Mallard's robust bones support its adaptability to various environments and diverse locomotion and foraging strategies. The Teal's lighter and less dense bones facilitate rapid flight and agility in shallow wetlands. The Tufted Duck's intermediate bone characteristics reflect its specialization in diving, requiring a balance of strength and flexibility. Understanding these skeletal differences may provide valuable insights into the evolutionary biology and biomechanics of these species, aiding in their conservation and enhancing our knowledge of their roles in wetland ecosystems. By exploring the functional morphology of these ducks, this study aims to shed light on the biomechanical mechanisms that underpin their locomotion and foraging behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Osiak-Wicha
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marian Flis
- Department of Ethology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Świetlicki
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin B. Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Bels V, Le Floch G, Kirchhoff F, Gastebois G, Davenport J, Baguette M. Food transport in Reptilia: a comparative viewpoint. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220542. [PMID: 37839442 PMCID: PMC10577028 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reptilia exploit a large diversity of food resources from plant materials to living mobile prey. They are among the first tetrapods that needed to drink to maintain their water homeostasis. Here were compare the feeding and drinking mechanisms in Reptilia through an empirical approach based on the available data to open perspectives in our understanding of the evolution of the various mechanisms determined in these Tetrapoda for exploiting solid and liquid food resources. This article is part of the theme issue 'Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bels
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Glenn Le Floch
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florence Kirchhoff
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - John Davenport
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Distillery Fields, North Mall, University College Cork, Ireland T23 N73K
| | - Michel Baguette
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 75005 Paris, France
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS UAR 2029, Route du CNRS, F-09200 Moulis, France
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Montuelle SJ, Kane EA. Food Capture in Vertebrates: A Complex Integrative Performance of the Cranial and Postcranial Systems. FEEDING IN VERTEBRATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13739-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Urano Y, Tanoue K, Matsumoto R, Kawabe S, Ohashi T, Fujiwara SI. How does the curvature of the upper beak bone reflect the overlying rhinotheca morphology? J Morphol 2018; 279:636-647. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukine Urano
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Kyo Tanoue
- Department of Earth System Science; Fukuoka University; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoyuki Ohashi
- Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History; Kitakyushu Japan
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The Craniolingual Morphology of Waterfowl (Aves, Anseriformes) and Its Relationship with Feeding Mode Revealed Through Contrast-Enhanced X-Ray Computed Tomography and 2D Morphometrics. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jones T, Dawkins M. Effect of environment on Pekin duck behaviour and its correlation with body condition on commercial farms in the UK. Br Poult Sci 2010; 51:319-25. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.499143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Jones
- a Department of Zoology , University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, England
| | - M.S. Dawkins
- a Department of Zoology , University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, England
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Guillemain M, Fritz H, Guillon N, Simon G. Ecomorphology and coexistence in dabbling ducks: the role of lamellar density and body length in winter. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gurd DB. MECHANISTIC ANALYSIS OF INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION USING FORAGING TRADE-OFFS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DUCK ASSEMBLAGES. Ecology 2008; 89:495-505. [DOI: 10.1890/06-1545.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arzel C, Guillemain M, Gurd DB, Elmberg J, Fritz H, Arnaud A, Pin C, Bosca F. Experimental functional response and inter-individual variation in foraging rate of teal (Anas crecca). Behav Processes 2007; 75:66-71. [PMID: 17336000 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The functional response, i.e. the change in per capita food intake rate per time unit with changed food availability, is a widely used tool for understanding the ecology and behaviour of animals. However, waterfowl remain poorly explored in this context. In an aviary experiment we derived a functional response curve for teal (Anas crecca) foraging on rice (Oryza sativa) seeds. We found a linear relationship between intake rate and seed density, as expected for a filter-feeder. At high seed densities we found a threshold, above which intake rate still increased linearly but with a lower slope, possibly reflecting a switch from filter-feeding to a scooping foraging mode. The present study shows that food intake rate in teal is linearly related to food availability within the range of naturally occurring seed densities, a finding with major implications for management and conservation of wetland habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arzel
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France.
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Durant D, Fritz H, Blais S, Duncan P. The functional response in three species of herbivorous Anatidae: effects of sward height, body mass and bill size. J Anim Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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van der Leeuw AHJ, Bout RG, Zweers GA. Control of the Cranio-Cervical System During Feeding in Birds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/41.6.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Applications of the concept of a morphological space to the study of biological form during the past three decades are reviewed. Common features of the various types of morphological spaces constructed by morphometricians during this period are identified and used to construct a space of morphological spaces. This semiquantitative analysis reveals that the use of empirical morphospace by contemporary researchers is similar to Thompson's classic method of coordinate grid transformations, in the description of biological form.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Stone
- Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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