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Jakarasi M. The Persistence of Traditional Healing for Mental Illness Among the Korekore People in Rushinga District, Zimbabwe. Med Anthropol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39356800 DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2024.2406786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite concerted attempts by colonial governments to stamp out traditional healing practices, the Korekore-speaking Shona people have continued to seek healing for mental illness from traditional healers in present-day Zimbabwe. In this article, I discuss the health-seeking trajectories of Korekore people when confronted with mental illness, particularly when and why they seek out traditional healing, and the role that traditional healers play in the quest for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jakarasi
- Department of Anthropology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Oudin Doglioni D, Chabasseur V, Barbot F, Galactéros F, Gay MC. Depression in adults with sickle cell disease: a systematic review of the methodological issues in assessing prevalence of depression. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:54. [PMID: 33823930 PMCID: PMC8025551 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) as other chronic medical conditions is commonly complicated by depression or other psychiatric symptoms. Results reported in studies present a large variation. Thus, synthetic data are needed to understand impact of depression in adults with SCD. The aim of this literature review is to analyse the methodology used in the studies assessing depression and discuss the different prevalence levels reported.
Methods Studies involving adults with SCD from 1999 to 2018 were included when providing data on prevalence of depression. It was defined by a psychometric assessment, a structured interview, or a medical record review. PRISMA recommendations were followed. Results 36 studies are included accordingly to our methodology. Prevalence variation is large, from 0% to more than 85%. We find that the type of assessment tool used plays a major role in this between studies variation. Also, methodological issues arise with respect to psychometric assessment. Moreover, differences emerge between continents, setting of recruitment or time of assessment. Conclusion All these issues are discussed to provide insight on depression in adults with sickle cell disease.
Trial Registration PROSPERO Registration CRD42018100684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Oudin Doglioni
- EA4430 EvaCliPsy/ED139, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France. .,Red Blood Cell Genetic Diseases Unit (UMGGR), Teaching Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Barbot
- INSERM Clinical Investigation Center 1429, Teaching Hospital Raymond Poincaré AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Red Blood Cell Genetic Diseases Unit (UMGGR), Teaching Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,French National Referral Centre for Sickle Cell Disease (MCGRE), Créteil, France
| | - Marie-Claire Gay
- EA4430 EvaCliPsy/ED139, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
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Ngin C, Pal K, Tuot S, Chhoun P, Yi R, Yi S. Social and behavioural factors associated with depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019918. [PMID: 30269060 PMCID: PMC6169749 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore social and behavioural factors associated with depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Two public universities-one in the capital city of Phnom Penh and another in Battambang provincial town. PARTICIPANTS This study included 1359 students randomly selected from all departments in the two universities using a multistage cluster sampling method for a self-administered questionnaire survey in 2015. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Depressive symptoms measured by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. All measures in the study were self-reported. RESULTS The proportion of students with depressive symptoms and severe depressive symptoms were 50.6% and 19.6%, respectively. After adjustment in multivariate logistic regression analysis, depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with poor academic performance (adjusted OR (AOR)=7.31, 95% CI 2.24 to 23.86), higher consumption of unhealthy food (AOR=1.72, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.76), a negative self-perception about body shape (AOR=0.54, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.99) and general health status (AOR=2.99, 95% CI 1.28 to 7.00), and limited physical activeness (AOR=0.30, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.58). Depressive symptoms also remained significantly associated with adverse childhood experiences including physical violence (AOR=1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.86), psychological abuse (AOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.42) and lack of general and medical care (AOR=0.51, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.86) by family during childhood. CONCLUSIONS The key factors associated with depressive symptoms were family related and individual behaviours and attitudes. Thus, efforts should be invested in comprehensive screening and intervention programmes to diagnose those vulnerable students early, offer immediate treatment and cater appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanrith Ngin
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Development Studies Programme, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Development Studies, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Khuondyla Pal
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sovannary Tuot
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pheak Chhoun
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rosa Yi
- Faculty of Development Studies, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Siyan Yi
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Center for Global Health Research, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Depression Symptom Patterns and Social Correlates among Chinese Americans. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8010016. [PMID: 29337888 PMCID: PMC5789347 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine and compare the depression symptoms pattern and social correlates in three groups: foreign-born Chinese Americans, US-born Chinese Americans, and non-Hispanic whites. This study used data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES). The study sample consists of 599 Chinese Americans (468 for the foreign-born and 121 for the US-born) and 4032 non-Hispanic whites. Factor analysis was used to examine the depression symptom patterns by each subgroup. Four depression symptoms dimensions were examined: negative affect, somatic symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and suicidality. Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of sociodemographic (age, gender, marital status, and education), physical health condition, and social relational factors (supports from and conflict with family and friends) on specific types of depression symptoms separately for the three subgroups. The findings showed little differences in depression symptom patterns but clear variation in the social correlates to the four depression dimensions across the three ethnocultural groups, foreign-born Chinese Americans, US-born Chinese Americans, and non-Hispanic whites. Clinicians should take into account the sociocultural factors of patients when making diagnosis and suggesting treatments. In addition, psychiatrists, psychologists, or other mental health service providers should offer treatment and coping suggestions based on the specific symptom dimensions of patients, and patients’ ethnocultural backgrounds.
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Psaki SR, Hindin MJ. Lessons in cross-cultural measurement of depressive symptoms: findings from a mixed-methods study in Ghana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2016.1205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kumar M, Ongeri L, Mathai M, Mbwayo A. Translation of EPDS Questionnaire into Kiswahili: Understanding the Cross-Cultural and Translation Issues in Mental Health Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 25893218 DOI: 10.4172/2376-127x.1000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The need for a suitable tool for assessing postpartum depression in Kenya led to the process of translation of the 10 items Edinburgh Postnatal Scale into Kiswahili. The idea was to seek semantic, conceptual as well as normative equivalence in this translation. The paper discusses issues and the process of translation and provides in depth discussions around translation from the point of view of cross-cultural mental health research and practice. The English version of the EPDS screening tool was finally successfully translated into Kiswahili and the translated version is attached with this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linnet Ongeri
- Research Officer, Centre for Clinical Research, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muthoni Mathai
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Mbwayo
- Honorary Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Kenya
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A measure of depression in a modern asian community: singapore. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:691945. [PMID: 23094145 PMCID: PMC3474215 DOI: 10.1155/2012/691945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The construct validity of two depression measures, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Asian Adolescents Depression Scale (AADS), was investigated. Three studies were conducted using two samples collected in two stages, and the results were used to construct the Asian Depression Scale (ADS). Participants responded to the SDS and AADS in random order of presentation during stage 1; two months later, validation variables were collected. Study 1 found that the SDS is a reliable and valid measure of depression for Singaporean Chinese, but it does not cover the interpersonal dimension found in the AADS. Study 2 combined the two measures and found six factors. One of these factors, negative social self, which was a unique Asian depressive symptom cluster, consisted only of AADS items, while the affective manifestation and psychosomatic symptoms factor primarily consisted of items from the SDS. Study 3 selected high-loading items from the identified factors to construct the ADS, which showed excellent internal reliability, and good convergent and discriminant validity. Incremental predictive validity found on criterion data collected in stage 2, supported the nonspuriousness of the Asian Depression Scale.
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Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Challenor EC, Glazebrook C. Establishing the reliability and validity of the Zagazig Depression Scale in a UK student population: an online pilot study. BMC Psychiatry 2010; 10:107. [PMID: 21143972 PMCID: PMC3003634 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is thought that depressive disorders will be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by 2020. Recently, there is a steady increase in the number of university students diagnosed and treated as depression patients. It can be assumed that depression is a serious mental health problem for university students because it affects all age groups of the students either younger or older equally. The current study aims to establish the reliability and validity of the Zagazig Depression scale in a UK sample. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional online survey. A sample of 133 out of 275 undergraduate students from a range of UK Universities in the academic year 2008-2009, aged 20.3 ± 6.3 years old were recruited. A modified back translated version of Zagazig Depression scale was used. In order to validate the Zagazig Depression scale, participants were asked to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire. Statistical analysis includes Kappa analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's correlation analysis, and Confirmatory Factor analysis. RESULTS Using the recommended cut-off of Zagazig Depression scale for possible minor depression it was found that 30.3% of the students have depression and higher percentage was identified according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (37.4%). Females were more depressed. The mean ZDS score was 8.3 ± 4.2. Rates of depression increase as students get older. The reliability of The ZDS was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha was .894). For validity, ZDS score was strongly associated with PHQ, with no significant difference (p-value > 0.05), with strong positive correlation (r = +.8, p-value < 0.01). CONCLUSION The strong, significant correlation between the PHQ and ZDS, along with high internal consistency of the ZDS as a whole provides evidence that ZDS is a reliable measure of depressive symptoms and is promising for the use of the translated ZDS in a large-scale cross-culture study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Ibrahim
- Community Health School, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Shona J Kelly
- Centre for Intergenerational Health Research, University of South Australia, Division of Health Sciences, Social Epidemiology Unit, City East Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emily C Challenor
- Division of Epidemiology, Community Health Sciences School, D Floor, West Block, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Division of Psychiatry, Community Health Sciences School, A Floor, South Block, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Shaw CM, Creed F, Tomenson B, Riste L, Cruickshank JK. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive illness and help seeking behaviour in African Caribbeans and white Europeans: two phase general population survey. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1999; 318:302-5. [PMID: 9924059 PMCID: PMC27715 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7179.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders (anxiety and depression) and help seeking behaviour in African Caribbeans and white Europeans. DESIGN Two phase survey in a general population sample. The first phase comprised screening with the 12 item general health questionnaire; the second phase was standardised psychiatric assessment and interview about help seeking. SETTING People registered with four general practices in central Manchester. PARTICIPANTS Of 1467 people randomly selected from family health services authority lists, 864 were still resident. 337 African Caribbeans and 275 white Europeans completed the screening phase (response rate 71%); 127 African Caribbeans and 103 white Europeans were interviewed in the second phase. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES One month period prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in each ethnic group. RESULTS 13% of African Caribbeans (95% confidence interval 10% to 16%) and 14% (10% to 18%) of white Europeans had one or more disorder. Anxiety disorders were significantly less common among African Caribbeans (3% (1% to 5%) v 9% (6% to 12%) in white Europeans). Depressive disorders were significantly more common among African Caribbean women than white women (difference 8% (1% to 15%)). Medical help seeking was similar in the two groups, but African Caribbeans with mental disorders were more likely to seek additional help from non-medical sources (12/29 v 5/29, P=0.082). CONCLUSIONS In an inner city setting the prevalence of common mental disorders is similar in these two ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Shaw
- School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of the differential presentation of illness by women and men in two Spiritualist temples and a physician's office situated in rural Mexico. Women's morbidity raises the broader anthropological questions of the interplay between symptomatic expression and women's unequal status in the social structure, their cognitive evaluation of specific life experiences, cultural etiological explanations and Western models of dysphoria. Symptoms presented by patients in different health care delivery sites are compared and case vignettes of patients' illnesses and attributions are presented to demonstrate the ways in which culturally constructed illness attributions and illness expressions comprise a somatic grammar for the articulation of experimental distress. The sick population is compared with a control group of healthy women to highlight the socio-cultural and psychosocial variables that promote illness in women from the same sociocultural strata of rural Mexico. Collective understandings of the role of life events and emotional expression in illness attributions legitimize somatization as a coping style under adverse existential conditions.
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