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Malina T, Koehorst R, Bína D, Pšenčík J, van Amerongen H. Superradiance of bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates in chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8354. [PMID: 33863954 PMCID: PMC8052352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorosomes are the main light-harvesting complexes of green photosynthetic bacteria that are adapted to a phototrophic life at low-light conditions. They contain a large number of bacteriochlorophyll c, d, or e molecules organized in self-assembling aggregates. Tight packing of the pigments results in strong excitonic interactions between the monomers, which leads to a redshift of the absorption spectra and excitation delocalization. Due to the large amount of disorder present in chlorosomes, the extent of delocalization is limited and further decreases in time after excitation. In this work we address the question whether the excitonic interactions between the bacteriochlorophyll c molecules are strong enough to maintain some extent of delocalization even after exciton relaxation. That would manifest itself by collective spontaneous emission, so-called superradiance. We show that despite a very low fluorescence quantum yield and short excited state lifetime, both caused by the aggregation, chlorosomes indeed exhibit superradiance. The emission occurs from states delocalized over at least two molecules. In other words, the dipole strength of the emissive states is larger than for a bacteriochlorophyll c monomer. This represents an important functional mechanism increasing the probability of excitation energy transfer that is vital at low-light conditions. Similar behaviour was observed also in one type of artificial aggregates, and this may be beneficial for their potential use in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Malina
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rob Koehorst
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pšenčík
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Triplet state quenching of bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates in a protein-free environment of a chlorosome interior. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Blankenship RE, Brune DC, Olson JC. Remembering John M. Olson (1929-2017). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:161-169. [PMID: 29460034 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide reflections of and a tribute to John M. Olson, a pioneering researcher in photosynthesis. We trace his career, which began at Wesleyan University and the University of Pennsylvania, and continued at Utrech in The Netherlands, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Odense University in Denmark. He was the world expert on pigment organization in the green photosynthetic bacteria, and discovered and characterized the first chlorophyll-containing protein, which has come to be known as the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein. He also thought and wrote extensively on the origin and early evolution of photosynthesis. We include personal comments from Brian Matthews, Raymond Cox, Paolo Gerola, Beverly Pierson and Jon Olson.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Daniel C Brune
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jon C Olson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
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Shoji S, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. In vitro self-assemblies of bacteriochlorophylls-c from Chlorobaculum tepidum and their supramolecular nanostructures. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arellano JB, Bernt Melø T, Borrego CM, Naqvi KR. Bacteriochlorophyll e Monomers, but Not Aggregates, Sensitize Singlet Oxygen: Implications for a Self-photoprotection Mechanism in Chlorosomes¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760373bembna2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Montaño GA, Wu HM, Lin S, Brune DC, Blankenship RE. Isolation and characterization of the B798 light-harvesting baseplate from the chlorosomes of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Biochemistry 2003; 42:10246-51. [PMID: 12939153 DOI: 10.1021/bi034350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The B798 light-harvesting baseplate of the chlorosome antenna complex of the thermophilic, filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus has been isolated and characterized. Isolation was performed by using a hexanol-detergent treatment of freeze-thawed chlorosomes. The isolated baseplate consists of Bchl a, beta-carotene, and the 5.7 kDa CsmA protein with a ratio of 1.0 CsmA protein/1.6 Bchl a/4.2 beta-carotenes. The baseplate has characteristic absorbance at 798 nm as well as carotenoid absorbance maxima at 519, 489, and 462 nm. The energy transfer efficiency from the carotenoids to the Bchl a is 30% as measured by steady-state and ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies. Energy equilibration within the Bchl a absorbing regions exhibits ultrafast kinetics. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows no evidence for excitonically coupled Bchl a pools within the 798 nm region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Montaño
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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Melkozernov AN, Bibby TS, Lin S, Barber J, Blankenship RE. Time-resolved absorption and emission show that the CP43' antenna ring of iron-stressed synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is efficiently coupled to the photosystem I reaction center core. Biochemistry 2003; 42:3893-903. [PMID: 12667080 DOI: 10.1021/bi026987u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excitation energy transfer and trapping processes in an iron stress-induced supercomplex of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 were studied by time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy on femtosecond and picosecond time scales. The data provide evidence that the energy transfer dynamics of the CP43'-PSI supercomplex are consistent with energy transfer processes that occur in the Chl a network of the PSI trimer antenna. The most significant absorbance changes in the CP43'-PSI supercomplex are observed within the first several picoseconds after the excitation into the spectral region of CP43' absorption (665 nm). The difference time-resolved spectra (DeltaDeltaA) resulting from subtraction of the PSI trimer kinetic data from the CP43'-PSI supercomplex data indicate three energy transfer processes with time constants of 0.2, 1.7, and 10 ps. The 0.2 ps kinetic phase is tentatively interpreted as arising from energy transfer processes originating within or between the CP43' complexes. The 1.7 ps phase is interpreted as possibly arising from energy transfer from the CP43' ring to the PSI trimer via closely located clusters of Chl a in CP43' and the PSI core, while the slower 10 ps process might reflect the overall excitation transfer from the CP43' ring to the PSI trimer. These three fast kinetic phases are followed by a 40 ps overall excitation decay in the supercomplex, in contrast to a 25 ps overall decay observed in the trimer complex without CP43'. Excitation of Chl a in both the CP43'-PSI antenna supercomplex and the PSI trimer completely decays within 100 ps, resulting in the formation of P700(+). The data indicate that there is a rapid and efficient energy transfer between the outer antenna ring and the PSI reaction center complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Melkozernov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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Mi D, Chen M, Lin S, Lince M, Larkum AWD, Blankenship RE. Excitation Dynamics in the Core Antenna in the Photosystem I Reaction Center of the Chlorophyll d-Containing Photosynthetic Prokaryote Acaryochloris marina. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0268260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Mi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and School of Biological Sciences, A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and School of Biological Sciences, A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Su Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and School of Biological Sciences, A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Lince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and School of Biological Sciences, A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony W. D. Larkum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and School of Biological Sciences, A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and School of Biological Sciences, A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Arellano JB, Melø TB, Borrego CM, Naqvi KR. Bacteriochlorophyll e monomers, but not aggregates, sensitize singlet oxygen: implications for a self-photoprotection mechanism in chlorosomes. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:373-80. [PMID: 12405142 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0373:bembna>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization of singlet delta oxygen (O2(1delta(g))) by bacteriochlorophyll e (BChle) has been investigated to gain a better understanding of the photoprotection mechanism(s) operating in chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria. The sensitization process has been studied in media where BChle forms monomers (acetone and aqueous solutions containing 0.5% Triton X-100 [TX]) and in systems where BChle aggregates, namely, aqueous solutions containing 0.003% monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) and chlorosomes(control as well as hexanol perturbed) from Chlorobium phaeobacteroides strain CL1401. In Ar-purged acetone, BChle triplets (BChle triplets) have a lifetime of a few tens of microseconds; however, in air-saturated acetone, quenching of BChle triplets by ground-state oxygen (O2(3sigma(-)g)) and formation of O2(1delta(g)) take place. The O2(1delta(g)) so formed is susceptible to quenching by BChle0, a ground-state BChle molecule. A Stern-Volmer analysis reveals a linear fit between the decay rate of O2(1delta(g)) and the BChle concentration. The rate constants for the quenching of O2(1delta(g)) by BChle0 and for the deactivation of O2(1delta(g)) by the solvent come out to be kq = (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) and k0 = (18.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(3) s(-1), respectively. The absolute quantum yield of O2(1delta(g)) sensitization by BChle monomers is 0.65 +/- 0.15 in air-saturated acetone. In aqueous phase, the triplet lifetime of BChle aggregates in native or hexanol-perturbed chlorosomes shortens by more than two orders of magnitude when compared with the triplet lifetime of BChle monomers in 0.5% TX solution (a few hundreds of microseconds). Quenching by carotenoids (Car) makes only a minor contribution to the decay of BChle triplets in aggregates. Because O2(1delta(g)) sensitization by BChle triplets could be detected neither in MGDG aggregates nor in chlorosomes (control as well as hexanol perturbed), it is concluded that (1) this process is highly likely when BChle is present as a monomer but not when it is tightly packed in artificial aggregates or in chlorosomes; and (2) Car, though vital for the baseplate BChla, are dispensable for BChle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Arellano
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
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Umetsu M, Seki R, Wang ZY, Kumagai I, Nozawa T. Circular and Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies of Bacteriochlorophyll c Aggregates: T-Shaped and Antiparallel Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012574b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 07, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Seki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 07, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Zheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 07, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 07, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Nozawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 07, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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11
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Gibasiewicz K, Ramesh VM, Melkozernov AN, Lin S, Woodbury NW, Blankenship RE, Webber AN. Excitation Dynamics in the Core Antenna of PS I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC 2696 at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gibasiewicz
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, and Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - V. M. Ramesh
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, and Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexander N. Melkozernov
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, and Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Su Lin
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, and Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Neal W. Woodbury
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, and Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, and Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrew N. Webber
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, and Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Kleinherenbrink FA, Cheng P, Amesz J, Blankenship RE. Lifetimes of bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence in Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Heliobacterium chlorum at low temperatures. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 57:13-8. [PMID: 11537866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetimes of isolated membranes of Rhodopseudomonas viridis were measured in the temperature range of 77 K to 25 K. At room temperature, the main component of the fluorescence decay of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) b had a time constant of 50 ps. In contrast to other purple bacteria, the emission at low temperature was spectrally homogeneous and showed essentially single lifetimes of 140 ps at 77 K and 180 ps at 25 K, with the primary electron donor in the oxidized state. Taking into account the relative fluorescence yields with open and closed reaction centers, we arrive at numbers of 125 ps and 215 ps, respectively, for open reaction centers. These numbers are significantly smaller than expected on the basis of measurements of the efficiency of charge separation, perhaps suggesting that the excitation decay in the absence of reaction centers is considerably faster at low temperature than at room temperature. At least four different spectral components with different lifetimes were observed at 25 K in the emission of Heliobacterium chlorum, a short-wavelength component of about 30 ps and three longer-wavelength components of about 100 ps, 300 ps, and 900 ps. This indicates a strong heterogeneity in the emitting pigment, BChl g-808. The component with the shortest lifetime does not appear to be affected by the redox state of the reaction center and might reflect energy transfer to BChl g species which are connected to the reaction center.
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Blankenship RE, Cheng P, Causgrove TP, Brune DC, Wang J. Redox regulation of energy transfer efficiency in antennas of green photosynthetic bacteria. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 57:103-7. [PMID: 11537865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of energy transfer from the peripheral chlorosome antenna structure to the membrane-bound antenna in green sulfur bacteria depends strongly on the redox potential of the medium. The fluorescence spectra and lifetimes indicate that efficient quenching pathways are induced in the chlorosome at high redox potential. The midpoint redox potential for the induction of this effect in isolated chlorosomes from Chlorobium vibrioforme is -146 mV at pH 7 (vs the normal hydrogen electrode), and the observed midpoint potential (n = 1) decreases by 60 mV per pH unit over the pH range 7-10. Extraction of isolated chlorosomes with hexane has little effect on the redox-induced quenching, indicating that the component(s) responsible for this effect are bound and not readily extractable. We have purified and partially characterized the trimeric water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll a-containing protein from the thermophilic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. This protein is located between the chlorosome and the membrane. Fluorescence spectra of the purified protein indicate that it also contains groups that quench excitations at high redox potential. The results indicate that the energy transfer pathway in green sulfur bacteria is regulated by redox potential. This regulation appears to operate in at least two distinct places in the energy transfer pathway, the oligomeric pigments in the interior of the chlorosome and in the bacteriochlorophyll a protein. The regulatory effect may serve to protect the cell against superoxide-induced damage when oxygen is present. By quenching excitations before they reach the reaction center, reduction and subsequent autooxidation of the low potential electron acceptors found in these organisms is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1604
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Balaban TS, Leitich J, Holzwarth AR, Schaffner K. Autocatalyzed Self-Aggregation of (3R)-[Et,Et]Bacteriochlorophyll cF Molecules in Nonpolar Solvents. Analysis of the Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992338p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Silviu Balaban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 10 13 65, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Johannes Leitich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 10 13 65, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 10 13 65, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kurt Schaffner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Postfach 10 13 65, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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15
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Schweitzer RH, Melkozernov AN, Blankenship RE, Brudvig GW. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements of Photosystem II: The Effect of Quenching by Oxidized Chlorophyll Z. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982098y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Schweitzer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Alexander N. Melkozernov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
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Frackowiak D, Dudkowiak A, Ptak A, Malak H, Gryczyński I, Zelent B. Fluorescence lifetimes of oriented green bacteria cells, cell fragments and oriented bacteriochlorophyll c molecules. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Melkozernov AN, Schmid VHR, Schmidt GW, Blankenship RE. Energy Redistribution in Heterodimeric Light-Harvesting Complex LHCI-730 of Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9810466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Melkozernov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; and Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7271
| | - Volkmar H. R. Schmid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; and Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7271
| | - Gregory W. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; and Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7271
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604; and Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7271
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Melkozernov AN, Su H, Lin S, Bingham S, Webber AN, Blankenship RE. Specific mutation near the primary donor in photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alters the trapping time and spectroscopic properties of P700. Biochemistry 1997; 36:2898-907. [PMID: 9062119 DOI: 10.1021/bi962235m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to investigate the energy and electron transfer processes in the detergent-isolated photosystem I core particles from the site-directed mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with the histidine-656 of PsaB replaced by asparagine [HN(B656) mutation]. The specific mutation near the primary donor molecule results in a 40 mV increase in the P700/P700+ midpoint potential [Webber, A. N., Su Hui, Bingham, S. E., Kass, H., Krabben, L., Kuhn, M., Jordan, R., Schlodder, E., & Lubitz, W. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 12857-12863]. There is no indication that the HN(B656) mutation affects the spectral distribution of the antenna pigments. However, the lifetime of the trapping process measured independently by transient absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in the mutant PSI core antenna is increased by a factor of approximately 2 (approximately 65 ps compared to approximately 30 ps in the wild-type PSI). This implies that the trapping process in the PSI antenna is limited by the process where the primary donor molecule directly participates. The HN(B656) mutation results in the appearance of a new bleaching band at 670 nm in the spectrum which is due to formation of P700+ upon photooxidation. The difference spectrum of the photoreduction of the possible primary acceptor, A0 in the mutant PSI is very similar to wild type, indicating that it is unaffected by the HN(B656) mutation. Possible mechanisms for slowing of the trapping process and the appearance of a new band in the P700 - P700+ difference spectrum of the HN(B656) PSI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Melkozernov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1604, USA
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Tamiaki H, Miyatake T, Tanikaga R, Holzwarth AR, Schaffner K. Selbstorganisation einer künstlichen Lichtsammel-Antenne: Energieübertragung von einem zinkhaltigen Chlorin auf ein Bacteriochlorin in einem supramolekularen Aggregat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Zhu Y, Lin S, Ramakrishna BL, van Noort PI, Blankenship RE. Self quenching of chlorosome chlorophylls in water and hexanol-saturated water. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1996; 47:207-218. [PMID: 24301988 DOI: 10.1007/bf02184282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/1995] [Accepted: 12/06/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of a methyl ester homolog of bacteriochlorophylld (BChld M ) and bacteriochlorophyllc (BChlc) in H2O, hexanol-saturated H2O and methanol were studied by absorption, fluorescence emission, and circular dichroism (CD). In H2O, BChld M spontaneously forms an aggregate similar to that formed in hexane, with absorption maximum at 730 nm and fluorescence emission at 748 nm. For the pigment sample in hexanol-saturated H2O, while the absorption peaks at 661 nm, only slightly red-shifted compared to the monomer, the fluorescence emission is highly quenched. When diluted 2-3 fold with H2O, the absorption returns to around 720 nm, characteristic of an aggregate. The CD spectrum of the H2O aggregate exhibits a derivative-shaped feature with positive and negative peaks, while the amplitude is lower than that of chlorosomes. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of BChld M aggregates in H2O and hexane were measured. A 1644 cm(-1) band, indicative of a bonded 13(1)-keto group, is detected for both samples. A marker band for 5-coordinated Mg was observed at 1611 cm(-1) for the two samples as well. To study the kinetic behavior of the samples, both single-photon counting (SPC) fluorescence and transient absorption difference spectroscopic measurements were performed. For BChld M in hexanol-saturated H2O, a fast decay component with a lifetime of 10 to 14 ps was detected using the two different techniques. The fast decay could be explained by the concentration quenching phenomenon due to a high local pigment concentration. For the pigment sample in H2O, SPC gave a 16 ps component, whereas global analysis of transient absorption data generated two fast components: 3.5 and 26 ps. The difference may arise from the different excitation intensities. With a much higher excitation in the latter measurements, other quenching processes, e.g. annihilation, might be introduced, giving the 3.5 ps component. Finally, atomic force microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of BChld M in H2O and hexanol-saturated H2O. Pigment clusters with diameters ranging from 15 to 45 nm were observed in both samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, 85287-1604, Tempe, AZ, USA
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21
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Tamiaki H. Supramolecular structure in extramembraneous antennae of green photosynthetic bacteria. Coord Chem Rev 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-8545(95)01188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Zhu Y, Ramakrishna B, van Noort PI, Blankenship RE. Microscopic and spectroscopic studies of untreated and hexanol-treated chlorosomes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(95)00118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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23
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Hydrogen bonding of water to chlorophyll a and its derivatives as detected by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Cheng P, Liddell PA, Ma SXC, Blankenship RE. PROPERTIES OF ZINC AND MAGNESIUM METHYL BACTERIOPHEOPHORBIDE d AND THEIR AGGREGATES. Photochem Photobiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Godik VI, Blankenship RE, Causgrove TP, Woodbury N. Time-resolved tryptophan fluorescence in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. FEBS Lett 1993; 321:229-32. [PMID: 8477854 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80114-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan fluorescence of reaction centers isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, both stationary and time-resolved, was studied. Fluorescence kinetics were found to fit best a sum of four discrete exponential components. Half of the initial amplitude was due to a component with a lifetime of congruent to 60 ps, belonging to Trp residues, capable of efficient transfer of excitation energy to bacteriochlorophyll molecules of the reaction center. The three other components seem to be emitted by Trp ground-state conformers, unable to participate in such a transfer. Under the influence of intense actinic light, photooxidizing the reaction centers, the yield of stationary fluorescence diminished by congruent to 1.5 times, while the number of the kinetic components and their life times remained practically unchanged. Possible implications of the observed effects for the primary photosynthesis events are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Godik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russian Federation
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Causgrove TP, Brune DC, Blankenship RE. Förster energy transfer in chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1992; 15:171-9. [PMID: 11536509 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(92)87014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Energy transfer properties of whole cells and chlorosome antenna complexes isolated from the green sulfur bacteria Chlorobium limicola (containing bacteriochlorophyll c), Chlorobium vibrioforme (containing bacteriochlorophyll d) and Pelodictyon phaeoclathratiforme (containing bacteriochlorophyll e) were measured. The spectral overlap of the major chlorosome pigment (bacteriochlorophyll c, d or, e) with the bacteriochlorophyll a B795 chlorosome baseplate pigment is greatest for bacteriochlorophyll c and smallest for bacteriochlorophyll e. The absorbance and fluorescence spectra of isolated chlorosomes were measured, fitted to gaussian curves and the overlap factors with B795 calculated. Energy transfer times from the bacteriochlorophyll c, d or e to B795 were measured in whole cells and the results interpreted in terms of the Förster theory of energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Causgrove
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1604
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29
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Niedermeier G, Scheer H, Feick RG. The functional role of protein in the organization of bacteriochlorophyll c in chlorosomes of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 204:685-92. [PMID: 1541281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of five different fractions containing bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) c and their absorption and circular dichroic properties have been described. The fractions investigated were purified chlorosomes, proteolytically modified chlorosomes, chlorosomes treated with lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) which were subsequently subjected to size-exclusion chromatography, in vitro Bchl c aggregates and, additionally, the so-called GEF chlorosomes [prepared according to Griebenow and Holzwarth (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 973, 235-240]. Proteolysis of chlorosomes caused a 35-40% decrease in absorption intensity, a 6-8 nm blue shift of the 740-nm peak and, in particular, a drastic increase of rotational strength as revealed by CD spectroscopy. Although oligomeric Bchl c aggregates and LDS-treated chlorosomes had absorption characteristics similar to Bchl c in vivo, the data clearly indicated that protein, perhaps the chlorosome-specific Mr-3700 polypeptide, was involved in the organization of Bchl c in chlorosomes from C. aurantiacus. Furthermore, the results showed that the LDS-treated chlorosome fraction was most likely comprised of a micellar complex of Bchl c with LDS which represented an entity entirely different from chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Niedermeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany
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Lin S, Amerongen HV, Struve WS. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy of bacteriochlorophyll c antennae in bacteriochlorophyll a-containing chlorosomes from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(05)80113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Causgrove TP, Brune DC, Wang J, Wittmershaus BP, Blankenship RE. Energy transfer kinetics in whole cells and isolated chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1990; 26:39-48. [PMID: 24420408 DOI: 10.1007/bf00048975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/1990] [Accepted: 04/23/1990] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and global data analysis techniques have been used to study the flow of excitations in antennae of the green photosynthetic bacteria Chloroflexus aurantiacus and Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum. The transfer of energy from bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c in Chloroflexus or BChl d in Chlorobium to BChl a 795 was resolved in both whole cells and isolated chlorosomes. In Chloroflexus, the decay of excitations in BChl c occurs in ∼16 ps and a corresponding rise in BChl a emission at 805 nm is detected in global analyses. This band then decays in 46 ps in whole cells due to energy transfer into the membrane. The 805 nm fluorescence in isolated chlorosomes shows a fast decay component similar to that of whole cells, which is consistent with trapping by residual membrane antenna complexes. In Chlorobium, the kinetics are sensitive to the presence of oxygen. Under anaerobic conditions, BChl d decays in 66 ps while the lifetime shortens to 11 ps in aerobic samples. The effect is reversible and occurs in both whole cells and isolated chlorosomes. Emission from BChl a is similarly affected by oxygen, indicating that oxidant-induced quenching can occur from all chlorosome pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Causgrove
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, 85287-1604, Tempe, AZ, USA
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32
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Olson JM, Pedersen JP. Bacteriochlorophyll c monomers, dimers, and higher aggregates in dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1990; 25:25-37. [PMID: 24420168 DOI: 10.1007/bf00051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/1989] [Accepted: 01/29/1990] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriochlorophyll c in vivo is a mixture of at least 5 homologs, all of which form aggregates in CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CCl4. Three homologs exist mainly in the 2-R-(1-hydroxyethyl) configuration, whereas the other two homologs, 4-isobutyl-5-ethyl and 4-isobutyl-5-methyl farnesyl bacteriochlorophyll c, exist mainly in the 2-S-(1-hydroxyethyl) configuration (Smith KM, Craig GW, Kehres LA and Pfennig N (1983) J. Chromatograph. 281: 209-223). In CCl4 the S-homologs form an aggregate of 2-3 molecules whose absorption (747 nm maximum) and circular dichroism spectra resemble those of the chlorosome. In CH2Cl2, CHCl3 and CCl4 the 4-n-propyl homolog (R-configuration) forms dimers absorbing at ca. 680 nm and higher aggregates absorbing at 705-710 nm. In CCl4 the dimerization constant is approx. 10 µM(-1) (1000 times that for chlorophyll a). The difference between the types of aggregates formed by the 4-n-propyl and 4-isobutyl homologs is attributed to the difference between the R- and S-configurations of the 2-(1-hydroxyethyl) groups in each chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Olson
- Institute of Biochemistry, Odense University, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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