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Lymburner A, Blouin‐Demers G. Changes in thermal quality of the environment along an elevational gradient affect investment in thermoregulation by Yarrow’s spiny lizards. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.H. Lymburner
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - G. Blouin‐Demers
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
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2
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Prötzel D, Vences M, Hawlitschek O, Scherz MD, Ratsoavina FM, Glaw F. Endangered beauties: micro-CT cranial osteology, molecular genetics and external morphology reveal three new species of chameleons in the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Prötzel
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstraße, München, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Hawlitschek
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstraße, München, Germany
| | - Mark D Scherz
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstraße, München, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fanomezana M Ratsoavina
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Département Biologie, Université d’Antananarivo, BP, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Frank Glaw
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstraße, München, Germany
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3
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Spontaneous magnetic alignment behaviour in free-living lizards. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2017; 104:13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Scali S, Sacchi R, Azzusi M, Daverio S, Oppedisano T, Mangiacotti M. Homeward bound: factors affecting homing ability in a polymorphic lizard. J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Scali
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano; Milano; Italy
| | - R. Sacchi
- DSTA - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente; Università di Pavia; Pavia; Italy
| | - M. Azzusi
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano; Milano; Italy
| | - S. Daverio
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano; Milano; Italy
| | - T. Oppedisano
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano; Milano; Italy
| | - M. Mangiacotti
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano; Milano; Italy
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5
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Swei A, Ostfeld RS, Lane RS, Briggs CJ. Impact of the experimental removal of lizards on Lyme disease risk. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:2970-8. [PMID: 21325326 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of vector meals in the host community is an important element of understanding and predicting vector-borne disease risk. Lizards (such as the western fence lizard; Sceloporus occidentalis) play a unique role in Lyme disease ecology in the far-western United States. Lizards rather than mammals serve as the blood meal hosts for a large fraction of larval and nymphal western black-legged ticks (Ixodes pacificus--the vector for Lyme disease in that region) but are not competent reservoirs for the pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi. Prior studies have suggested that the net effect of lizards is to reduce risk of human exposure to Lyme disease, a hypothesis that we tested experimentally. Following experimental removal of lizards, we documented incomplete host switching by larval ticks (5.19%) from lizards to other hosts. Larval tick burdens increased on woodrats, a competent reservoir, but not on deer mice, a less competent pathogen reservoir. However, most larvae failed to find an alternate host. This resulted in significantly lower densities of nymphal ticks the following year. Unexpectedly, the removal of reservoir-incompetent lizards did not cause an increase in nymphal tick infection prevalence. The net result of lizard removal was a decrease in the density of infected nymphal ticks, and therefore a decreased risk to humans of Lyme disease. Our results indicate that an incompetent reservoir for a pathogen may, in fact, increase disease risk through the maintenance of higher vector density and therefore, higher density of infected vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Swei
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
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LABRA ANTONIETA, VOJE KJETILL, SELIGMANN HERVÉ, HANSEN THOMASF. Evolution of the third eye: a phylogenetic comparative study of parietal-eye size as an ecophysiological adaptation in Liolaemus lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Beltrami G, Bertolucci C, Parretta A, Petrucci F, Foà A. A sky polarization compass in lizards: the central role of the parietal eye. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:2048-54. [PMID: 20511518 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study first examined whether ruin lizards Podarcis sicula are able to orientate using the e-vector direction of polarized light. Ruin lizards were trained and tested indoors, inside a hexagonal Morris water maze, positioned under an artificial light source producing plane polarized light with a single e-vector, which provided an axial cue. Lizards were subjected to axial training by positioning two identical goals in contact with the centre of two opposite side walls of the Morris water maze. Goals were invisible because they were placed just beneath the water surface, and water was rendered opaque. The results showed that the directional choices of lizards meeting learning criteria were bimodally distributed along the training axis, and that after 90 deg rotation of the e-vector direction of polarized light the lizards directional choices rotated correspondingly, producing a bimodal distribution which was perpendicular to the training axis. The present results confirm in ruin lizards results previously obtained in other lizard species showing that these reptiles can use the e-vector direction of polarized light in the form of a sky polarization compass. The second step of the study aimed at answering the still open question of whether functioning of a sky polarization compass would be mediated by the lizard parietal eye. To test this, ruin lizards meeting learning criteria were tested inside the Morris water maze under polarized light after their parietal eyes were painted black. Lizards with black-painted parietal eyes were completely disoriented. Thus, the present data show for the first time that the parietal eye plays a central role in mediating the functioning of a putative sky polarization compass of lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Beltrami
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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Southwood A, Avens L. Physiological, behavioral, and ecological aspects of migration in reptiles. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 180:1-23. [PMID: 19847440 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-009-0415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal movements between foraging, breeding, and overwintering sites occur in a wide variety of reptile species. Terrestrial snakes, lizards, and turtles migrate short distances (\20 km) between seasonal habitats, whereas fully aquatic marine turtles migrate hundreds to thousands of kilometers between foraging and breeding areas. The purpose of this article is to summarize aspects of migratory physiology and behavior in reptiles, particularly with regards to energetics and sensory mechanisms for navigation and orientation. We discuss the influence of aerobic scope, endurance, and cost of transport on migratory capacity, the effects of temperature and circulating hormones on activity and behavior, and mechanisms of detecting and transducing environmental cues to successfully navigate and orient toward a goal during migration. Topics worthy of further research are highlighted in the text, and we conclude with a discussion of how information on migration patterns of reptiles may be used to manage and conserve threatened populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Southwood
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
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Foà A, Basaglia F, Beltrami G, Carnacina M, Moretto E, Bertolucci C. Orientation of lizards in a Morris water-maze: roles of the sun compass and the parietal eye. J Exp Biol 2009; 212:2918-24. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.032987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The present study examined for the first time whether a Morris water-maze can be used to explore compass and other orientation mechanisms in the ruin lizard Podarcis sicula. In the open field, during sunny days, lizards were individually trained to swim from the center of the water maze onto a hidden platform (the goal), positioned at the periphery of the maze in a single compass direction. The goal was invisible because it was placed just beneath the water surface and the water was rendered opaque. The results showed that lizards learn to swim directly towards the hidden goal under the sun in the absence of visual feature cues. We further examined whether the observed orientation response would be due to lizards learning the spatial position of the goal relative to the sun's azimuth, i.e. to the use of a time-compensated sun compass. Lizards reaching learning criteria were subjected to 6 h clock-shift (fast or slow), and tested for goal orientation in the Morris water-maze. Results demonstrated that the learned orientation response is mediated by a time-compensated sun compass. Further investigations provided direct evidence that in ruin lizards an intact parietal eye is required to perform goal orientation under the sun inside a Morris water-maze,and that other brain photoreceptors, like the pineal or deep brain photoreceptors, are not involved in orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Foà
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara,Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Basaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara,Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Beltrami
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara,Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Moretto
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara,Ferrara, Italy
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Bertolucci C, Foà A. Extraocular photoreception and circadian entrainment in nonmammalian vertebrates. Chronobiol Int 2005; 21:501-19. [PMID: 15470951 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-120039813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In mammals both the regulation of circadian rhythms and photoperiodic responses depend exclusively upon photic information provided by the lateral eyes; however, nonmammalian vertebrates can also rely on multiple extraocular photoreceptors to perform the same tasks. Extraocular photoreceptors include deep brain photoreceptors located in several distinct brain sites and the pineal complex, involving intracranial (pineal and parapineal) and extracranial (frontal organ and parietal eye) components. This review updates the research field of the most recent acquisitions concerning the roles of extraocular photoreceptors on circadian physiology and behavior, particularly photic entrainment and sun compass orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bertolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia and Centro di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Jenssen TA. SPATIAL AWARENESS BY THE LIZARD ANOLIS CRISTATELLUS: WHY SHOULD A NON-RANGING SPECIES DEMONSTRATE HOMING BEHAVIOR? HERPETOLOGICA 2002. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0364:sabtla]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Zuri I, Bull CM. Reduced access to olfactory cues and home-range maintenance in the sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa). J Zool (1987) 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tosini G, Avery RA. Occlusion of the parietal eye induces a transient wavelength-dependent shift in lizard thermoregulatory set points. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402690110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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