Primary extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the lid

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the spleen: Report of a case

Background

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of chondrogenic origin and the mesenchymal type is a very rare finding. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma tends to develop mostly in the skeleton but may also occur as a primary tumor in periosteal nervous and muscular tissues, the anterior cerebral falx, meninges, brain, maxillary sinus, eyelid, thyroid, pleura and mediastinum, while in the abdomen the most frequent locations are the kidney, retroperitoneum and even the perineum and the anogenital area. Apparently, the only splenic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the literature occurred in a dog.

Methods and study design

Our paper reports the case of a patient who had a diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the spleen.

Results

We adopted surgery as the main therapeutic procedure without achieving complete recovery but preserving a good quality of life for our patient, minimizing the repercussions of the disease on her working and relational life.

Conclusions

The absence of important or invalidating symptoms and the persistence of good general conditions before and after each surgical operation encouraged us to adopt the surgical option as the most rational.

A rare case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with dedifferentiation arising from the buccal space in a young male

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMCS) is a rare and aggressive pathological variant of chondrosarcoma arising from soft tissues of mainly the extremities, meninges/dura, trunk, and orbits. EMCS comprises only 2 % of all soft tissue sarcomas and only 6 % of them arise from soft tissue in the head and neck region. It usually affects in the second and third decade of life and is common in women. It runs a very rapid clinical course with distant metastases and has poor prognosis and survival rates. Histologically it has a dimorphic presentation of small round mesenchymal cells interspersed with foci of cartilaginous differentiation. Radiographically it appears as a soft tissue lobulated mass with various patterns of calcification. This is the first case of primary and recurrent EMCS originating in the buccal space with unusual features of dedifferentiation. The diagnostic challenges in this case were the inconclusive FNAC results, lack of radiographic evidence of characteristic calcifications and presence of areas of myxoid material and dedifferentiation on histopathology. The clinical, cytological, histological, immunohistochemical, radiographic, PET-CT findings and management with review of literature is presented. The diagnostic and management pitfalls of this extremely rare tumor are also discussed.

Sacral mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in childhood: a case report and review of the literature

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are rare malignant tumors in pediatric age group. The authors present a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma located in the sacrum in a 10-year-old-girl that was successfully treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgical excision. According to the authors' literature search, the patient is the first reported case of pediatric sacral primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma cases in pediatric age group published in English literature was reviewed.

Congenital intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: case report and review of the literature in pediatric patients

In this paper we report the 1st case of a congenital intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 2-month-old infant, apparently present at birth. A magnetic resonance image showed a large left parietal solid mass, while microscopy revealed a mixture of undifferentiated small cells and mature hyaline cartilage islands, positive for vimentin, S-100, and CD99. A surgical excision was performed but the patient died after a few weeks as a result of a rapid relapse of the tumor. We also review the pediatric cases (in patients less than 20 years old) of extraskeletal (intracranial) mesenchymal chondrosarcomas of the literature, with a focus on the most recent cytogenetic and immunohistochemical studies.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma originating from the femoral vein

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare variant of chondrosarcomas characterized by a bimorphic pattern with areas of the undifferentiated malignant small cells and well differentiated cartilaginous islands.(1) It occurs most commonly in the bone but can also occur in the extraskeletal soft tissues, the brain, and the meninges. This type of tumor has also been described in the eyelids, parapharyngeal space, mediastinum, and the kidney.(1-5) An origin from the large vessels has not been reported in the medical literature. The authors report a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma originating from the femoral vein in a 28-year-old female patient, treated by the wide-margin resection.

Chemotherapy for eye cancer

Chemotherapy has been used to treat a multitude of eye cancers. We attempted to review the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of ocular, adnexal, and orbital malignancies by conducting an extensive search of the medical literature. Unfortunately, the published reports typically contain few patients with limited follow-up, precluding definitive recommendations. For most eye cancers, multicenter trials will offer the potential to gather the numbers of patients required to determine the clinical utility of chemotherapy.