1
|
Suntharesan J, Apperley L, Senniappan S. 45,X male - rare case of unbalanced translocation of Y chromosome to chromosome 2 presenting with developmental delay, learning difficulty and obesity. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2022; 2022:22-0320. [PMID: 36515368 PMCID: PMC9716403 DOI: 10.1530/edm-22-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary A male phenotype accompanied by a 45,X karyotype is rare. It may occur due to Y chromosomal translocation or insertion to X/autosome. Clinical presentation may vary depending on the presence of the Y chromosomal locus and the degree of loss of autosome material. 45,X males can present with short stature and Turner syndrome phenotype due to haploinsufficiency of genes which are normally expressed in both X and Y chromosomes. The presence of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene leads to the differentiation of bipotential gonads to testis. Most individuals go through puberty normally, but some may need pubertal induction for delayed puberty. Rarely some can have a pubertal arrest. The risk of gonadoblastoma is minimal in these individuals due to functioning testicular tissue. The azoospermia factor (AZF) region is found on the long arm of the Yq chromosome and is needed for spermatogenesis. In a 45,X male with unbalanced translocation of Y chromosome, spermatogenesis can be affected due to the lack of AZF leading to Sertoli cell-only syndrome. This will have an implication on fertility in adult life. We present a 14-year-old boy with developmental delay, learning difficulties and subtle dysmorphic features who was diagnosed with 45,X,der(2)t(Y:2)(?:p25). Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis revealed translocation of SRY (Yp11.3) to the terminal part of the short arm of chromosome 2 resulting in the deletion of most of the Y chromosome (Yp11.2-q12) and part of chromosome 2(2p25.3). This is the first case where SRY translocation to chromosome 2 presents with the above clinical presentation. Learning points 45,X karyotype is rare in male. It may occur due to SRY translocation or an insertion to X/autosome. SRY gene translocation to chromosome 2 has been not reported in the literature. Clinical presentation can be varied due to degree of loss of chromosomal material. Due to loss of AZF region found on the long arm of the Yq, spermatogenesis can be affected. Loss of 2p25 leads to learning difficulty and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jananie Suntharesan
- Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Apperley
- Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, UK
| | - Senthil Senniappan
- Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia C, Li L, Chen S, Li D, Wang X, Liu R, Zhang H. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of an oligoasthenozoospermia male carrier of an unbalanced Y;22 translocation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15209. [PMID: 30985718 PMCID: PMC6485881 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Y;autosome translocations are associated with male infertility and azoospermia. Some carriers with a Y:22 translocation can produce offspring and transmit the translocation through generations without phenotypic repercussion. Hence, the clinical features of carriers with certain Y chromosome abnormalities remain uncertain. PATIENT CONCERNS An apparently healthy 33-year-old man, 175 cm tall and weighing 60 kg had a 6-month history of primary infertility. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with oligoasthenozoospermia. A series of examinations have been performed to evaluate possible genetic causes of this diagnosis. Several methods included semen analysis, hormone measurements, cytogenetic analysis, and high-throughput multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification semiconductor sequencing. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent detailed genetic counseling. Cytogenetic analysis was advised for his father. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis was performed to improve potential pregnancy success rate. OUTCOMES Semen analysis revealed oligoasthenozoospermia. Hormone levels were within the normal limits. The karyotype of the patient and his father was 45,X,der(Y;22). Sequencing results indicated the presence of the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome gene. Y-chromosome microdeletion detection showed the presence of AZF (azoospermic factor)a, AZFb, and AZFc regions, but deletion of b2/b3 and duplication of b3/b4 regions. LESSONS A clinical karyotype report involving a Y chromosome abnormality should consider the results of semen analysis, which helps to identify the chromosomal breakpoint. Semiconductor sequencing technology was useful for clarifying AZF gene microdeletions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunshu Jia
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mareri A, Iezzi M, Salvatore A, Ligas C, D'Alessandro E. A unique case of growth hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in a 45,X male with Y: autosome translocation and literature review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:857-62. [PMID: 27054600 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Maleness associated with a 45,X karyotype is a rare condition in childhood. It is usually diagnosed in adult age because of infertility. We report a unique case of an unbalanced translocation t(Y;21) in a 14-year-old boy with 45,X karyotype referred because of short stature, thin habitus and puberty delay. Hormone analysis showed low serum levels of basal testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and gonadotrophins. Diagnosis of GH deficiency and puberty delay were made. He was treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and GH therapy, respectively, for 6 and 24 months.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/genetics
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/metabolism
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Chromosomes, Human, Y
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Growth Disorders/etiology
- Growth Disorders/prevention & control
- Human Growth Hormone/genetics
- Human Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Noonan Syndrome/diagnosis
- Noonan Syndrome/drug therapy
- Noonan Syndrome/genetics
- Noonan Syndrome/physiopathology
- Puberty, Delayed/etiology
- Puberty, Delayed/prevention & control
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Thinness/etiology
- Thinness/prevention & control
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
|
4
|
Amaro A, Mafra FA, Valada Pane CE, Kulikowski LD, Bianco B, Barbosa CP, Christofolini DM. 45,X karyotype in an infertile man: how is this possible? Urol Int 2014; 94:488-90. [PMID: 25170625 DOI: 10.1159/000365010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The case was male, 32 years old, with a nonobstructive azoospermia diagnosis and an initial 45,X karyotype. We evaluated by classical cytogenetic methods, C and NOR banding, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction investigations. After investigation, we found the following karyotype: 45,X,dic(Y;22)(q11.223;p11.2). This investigation contributes to our understanding of how chromosome rearrangements can influence fertility processes and how important it is to perform a cytogenetic analysis in infertility cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Amaro
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JW, Park SY, Ryu HM, Lee DE, Lee BY, Kim SY, Park YS, Lee HS, Seo JT. Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of 26 Cases with Structural Y Chromosome Aberrations. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:270-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000338413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Rivera
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mancini A, Zollino M, Leone E, Grande G, Festa R, Lecce R, Pontecorvi A, Neri G. A case of 45,X male: genetic reevaluation and hormonal and metabolic follow-up in adult age. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:2011.e17-21. [PMID: 18778815 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of a 45,X man, a rare condition with a clinical course that has not been dealt with by any previous article in the literature. DESIGN Case report. SETTING University Genetic Center and Endocrine Clinic. PATIENT(S) A 41-year-old man, already known by our genetics center for a 45,X chromosome constitution and a normal male differentiation, came back with requests on his sexual and fertility potential. Twenty-one years ago, high-resolution analysis of prometaphase chromosomes revealed additional euchromatic material on a 15-p chromosome, and in situ hybridization with Y-specific probe pDP105 gave positive signal on 15p11.2, suggesting a t(Yp;15p) translocation. INTERVENTION(S) Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses on metaphase chromosomes, standard oral glucose tolerance test, dynamic hormone assays, semen analysis, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Reexamination at clinical, genetic, hormonal, and metabolic level. RESULT(S) The derivative chromosome 15 was characterized as der(15)(Ypter-->q11.21::15p11.2-->qter). The patient's findings satisfied the criteria of the metabolic syndrome. Hypergonadotropinemic hypotestosteronemia was diagnosed. CONCLUSION(S) Our study offers new insights into the natural history of this condition and suggests that hypogonadism could play a role in the development of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen CP, Lin SP, Tsai FJ, Wang TH, Chern SR, Wang W. Characterization of a de novo unbalanced Y;autosome translocation in a 45,X mentally retarded male and literature review. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1198.e11-8. [PMID: 18304539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a de novo unbalanced Y;autosome translocation in a 45,X mentally retarded male. DESIGN Descriptive case study and literature review. SETTING Tertiary medical center. PATIENT(S) A 17-year-old 45,X mentally retarded male with no stigmata of Turner syndrome. INTERVENTION(S) Molecular and cytogenetic investigations, physical examination, and hormonal assays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and polymorphic DNA marker analysis. RESULT(S) The FISH showed a Y/18p translocation. Array CGH revealed a loss of distal chromosome 18p material and a loss of part of Yq material corresponding to deletions of chromosomal segments of 18pter-->18p11.2 and Yq11.221-->Yqter. Polymorphic DNA markers analysis showed that the X chromosome was of maternal origin and the deletion of 18p was of paternal origin. CONCLUSION(S) This study confirms the usefulness of array CGH in the detection of subtle chromosomal rearrangements resulting in an unbalanced Y;autosome translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui YX, Xia XY, Pan LJ, Wang YH, Yao B, Huang YF. An infertile male with apparent 45,X turned out to have 45,X,der(Y)t(Y;13)(q11.2;q12),-13: clinicopathologic and cytogenomic studies. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:1676.e7-11. [PMID: 17482602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct clinicopathologic and cytogenomic diagnostics of an infertile male with a karyotype of 45,X. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Research laboratory at a university hospital. PATIENT(S) A male with a karyotype of 45,X was diagnosed because of infertility, and his parents also were examined. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cytogenomics studies were performed by multiple polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULT(S) Testicular pathology results showed Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and the SC nodule tissue was diagnosed as angiolipomata. Thus, the patient's karyotype was reinterpreted to be 45,X,der(Y)t(Y;13)(q11.2;q12),-13.ish der(Y)(SRY+, DYZ3+, wcp13+). Analysis of DNA polymorphism showed that the chromosome X was of maternal origin. CONCLUSION(S) This is the first case reported with a 45,X,der(Y)t(Y;13)(q11.1;q12),-13, which will be useful for the infertility phenotype-molecular karyotype correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xia Cui
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kayed HF, Mansour RT, Aboulghar MA, Serour GI, Amer AE, Abdrazik A. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities in 2650 infertile couples undergoing ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 12:359-70. [PMID: 16569327 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are the major contributor to the genetic risks of infertility treatment associated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The study objective was to assess prospectively the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in couples undergoing ICSI. A total of 2650 infertile couples (5300 patients) underwent chromosome analysis before undergoing ICSI in the Egyptian IVF-ET Centre. Heparinized blood samples were cultured, harvested and banded according to standard methods. Overall, 96.94% of the patients studied (5138/5300) had a normal karyotype, while the remaining 162 patients (3.06%) had an abnormal karyotype. Male patients constituted the majority of abnormalities; 138 males (85.19%) and 24 females (14.81%). These chromosomal aberrations included 117 cases (2.2%) of sex chromosome abnormalities; 113 males and four females. Forty-five patients (0.85%) had autosomal aberrations; 25 of them were males and 20 were females. The current data show that chromosomal abnormalities affect 3.06% of infertile patients, and occur in both sexes, but more predominantly in males undergoing ICSI for male factor infertility. It is recommended that chromosomal analysis be performed before undergoing ICSI, to identify patients who can be offered preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham F Kayed
- The Egyptian IVF-ET centre, 3 Street 161 Hadaek El-Maadi, Maadi, Cairo 11431, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brisset S, Izard V, Misrahi M, Aboura A, Madoux S, Ferlicot S, Schoevaert D, Soufir JC, Frydman R, Tachdjian G. Cytogenetic, molecular and testicular tissue studies in an infertile 45,X male carrying an unbalanced (Y;22) translocation: case report. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2168-72. [PMID: 15845593 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(Y;autosome) translocations have been reported in association with male infertility. Different mechanisms have been suggested to explain the male infertility, such as deletion of the azoospermic factor (AZF) on the long arm of the Y chromosome, or meiosis impairment. We describe a new case with a de novo unbalanced translocation t(Y;22) and discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation. A 36 year old male with azoospermia was found to have a mosaic 45,X/46,X, + mar karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed the presence of a derivative Y chromosome containing the short arm, the centromere and a small proximal part of the long-arm euchromatin of the Y chromosome and the long arm of chromosome 22. The unstable small marker chromosome included the short arm and the centromere of chromosome 22. This unbalanced translocation t(Y;22)(q11.2;q11.1) generated the loss of the long arm of the Y chromosome involving a large part of AZFb, AZFc and Yq heterochromatin regions. Testicular tissue analyses showed sperm in the wet preparation. Our case shows the importance of documenting (Y;autosome) translocations with molecular and testicular tissue analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Brisset
- Service de Génétique et Reproduction and Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pinho MJ, Neves R, Costa P, Ferrás C, Sousa M, Alves C, Almeida C, Fernandes S, Silva J, Ferrás L, Barros A. Unique t(Y;1)(q12;q12) reciprocal translocation with loss of the heterochromatic region of chromosome 1 in a male with azoospermia due to meiotic arrest: a case report. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:689-96. [PMID: 15665019 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A de novo reciprocal translocation 46,X,t(Y;1)(q12;q12) was found in an azoospermic male with meiotic arrest. Cytogenetics and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to define the karyotype, translocation breakpoints and homologue pairing. SRY (Yp), Yq11.2-AZF regions, DAZ gene copies and the distal Yq12 heterochromatin were studied by PCR and restriction analysis using sequence-tagged sites and single nucleotide variants. High resolution GTL, CBL and DA-DAPI staining revealed a (Y;1) translocation in all metaphases and a normal karyotype in the patient's father. FISH showed the presence of the distal Yq12 heterochromatic region in der(1) and loss of the heterochromatic region of chromosome 1. PCR demonstrated the intactness of the Y chromosome, including the SRY locus, AZF regions, DAZ genes and distal heterochromatin. A significant decrease (P = 0.005) of Xp/Yp pairing (18.6%), as compared with controls (65.7%), was found in arrested primary spermatocytes, and cell culture and mRNA expression studies confirmed an irreversible arrest at meiosis I, with induction of apoptosis and removal of germ cells by Sertoli cells. We characterized a de novo t(Y;1)(q12;q12) balanced reciprocal translocation with loss of the heterochromatic region of chromosome 1, that caused unpairing of sex chromosomes followed by meiosis I arrest, apoptotic degeneration of germ cells and azoospermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Pinho
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, ICBAS, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kellermayer R, Czakó M, Kiss-László Z, Gyuris P, Kozári A, Melegh B, Kosztolányi G. α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome in a 45,X male. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 132A:431-3. [PMID: 15633163 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An unbalanced Y;autosome translocation leading to a male with a 45,X karyotype is rare with about 30 published cases. A male with a 45,X karyotype as a result of a unique, submicroscopic, unbalanced Y;16 translocation is presented with alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kellermayer
- Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borie C, Léger J, Dupuy O, Hassan M, Ledu N, Lebbar A, Czernichow P, Eydoux P. Translocation (Y;22) resulting in the loss of SHOX and isolated short stature. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 125A:186-90. [PMID: 14981722 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving both chromosome Y and chromosome 22 are rare, and may result in a number of different phenotypes. We report on a 4-year-old child with short stature and a dicentric chromosome with a deletion of the distal end of chromosome Yp. The pregnancy was uneventful, until intra-uterine growth retardation was noted. Prenatal karyotyping showed a (Y;22) translocation. No structural fetal abnormality was shown at ultrasound examination, and the pregnancy went to term. A growth-retarded boy with an otherwise normal physical examination was delivered at 39 weeks. At age 4, the child had short stature (-3 SD) without mental retardation. Radiological examination of the wrist was normal. A blood karyotype confirmed the chromosomal rearrangement previously seen on the amniotic fluid cells. C-banding showed a dicentric chromosome, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromeric probes confirmed the presence of both chromosome Y and 22 centromeres on the derivative chromosome. The karyotype was thus 45,X,der(Y;22)(p11;q11)del(Y)(p11p11). Our patient's phenotype and chromosomal rearrangement prompted us to further investigate the distal Yp region. FISH using a subtelomeric probe showed a deletion of the distal Yp region. This technique also revealed that this chromosomal rearrangement resulted in the deletion of SHOX but not SRY. Although haploinsufficiency of SHOX may result in Léri-Weill Dyschondrosteosis, this diagnosis did not seem obvious in this young patient. This observation confirms the importance of FISH in the investigation of chromosomal abnormalities, and further delineates the phenotype of SHOX deleted patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Borie
- Cytogenetics Unit, Hospital Robert Debre, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nataf V, Senat MV, Albert M, Bidat L, de Mazancourt P, Roume J, Allard L, Le Tessier D, Ville Y, Selva J. Prenatal diagnosis of a 45,X male with a SRY-bearing chromosome 21. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:675-80. [PMID: 12210575 DOI: 10.1002/pd.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Male phenotype associated with a 45,X karyotype is an infrequent finding. We present a case diagnosed prenatally on amniocentesis performed for maternal age. The male phenotype was associated with a translocation of a distal part of Yp including the pseudoautosomal SHOX gene and SRY gene on the short arm of a chromosome 21. By DNA analysis we could show that the X chromosome was of maternal origin and that the breakpoint was in interval 3 of the Y chromosome. Mechanisms and genetic counselling are discussed based on a review of published cases of 45,X and XX males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Nataf
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie Génétique Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Poissy-Saint Germain en Laye, 10 Rue du Champ Gaillard, 78303 Poissy Cédex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dávalos IP, Rivera H, Vásquez AI, Gutiérrez-Angulo M, Hernández-Vázquez MC, Cortina-Luna FA, Wong-Ley LE, Domínguez-Quezada MG. A 45,X sterile male with Yp disguised as 21p. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 111:202-4. [PMID: 12210351 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An azoospermic male was found to have, by means of banding techniques, a 45,X karyotype including a monocentric chromosome 21 with an euchromatic short arm that looked similar to Yp. This rearranged chromosome was further characterized by FISH with a whole Y chromosome paint and the alphoid repeats DYZ3 and D13Z1/D21Z1; the former probe gave a positive signal onto such a peculiar arm without spreading into the long arm, whereas the alphoid repeats revealed an apparent compound centromere with Y- and 21-sequences. Therefore, an unbalanced Y;21 whole arm translocation was concluded and the karyotype written as 45,X.ish der(Y;21)(p10;q10)(wcpY+,DYZ3+,D13Z1/D21Z1+). This patient represents the first case of a Y;21 translocation in an apparent 45,X male, constitutes the fifth instance of a 45,X sterile male, and conforms to previously established karyotype-phenotype correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid P Dávalos
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsu LY. Phenotype/karyotype correlations of Y chromosome aneuploidy with emphasis on structural aberrations in postnatally diagnosed cases. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 53:108-40. [PMID: 7856637 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320530204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Over 600 cases with a Y aneuploidy (other than non-mosaic 47,XYY) were reviewed for phenotype/karyotype correlations. Except for 93 prenatally diagnosed cases of mosaicism 45,X/46,XY (79 cases), 45,X/47,XYY (8 cases), and 45,X/46,XY/47,XYY (6 cases), all other cases were ascertained postnatally. Special emphasis was placed on structural abnormalities. This review includes 11 cases of 46,XYp-; 90 cases of 46,XYq- (52 cases non-mosaic; 38 cases 45,X mosaic); 34 cases of 46,X,r(Y) (9 cases non-mosaic and 25 cases 45,X mosaic); 8 cases of 46,X,i(Yp) (4 non-mosaic and 4 mosaic with 45,X); 12 cases of 46,X,i(Yq) (7 non-mosaic and 5 mosaic); 44 cases of 46,X,idic(Yq); 80 cases of 46,X, idic(Yp) (74 cases had breakpoints at Yq11 and 6 cases had breakpoints at Yq12); 130 cases of Y/autosome translocations (50 cases with a Y/A reciprocal translocation, 20 cases of Y/A translocation in 45,X males, 60 cases of Y/DP or Y/Gp translocations); 52 cases of Y/X translocations [47 cases with der(X); 4 cases with der(Y), and 1 case with 45,X with a der(X)], 7 cases of Y/Y translocations; 151 postnatally diagnosed cases of 45,X/46,XY; 14 postnatally diagnosed cases of 45,X/47,XYY; 18 cases of 45,X/46,XY/47,XYY; and 93 aforementioned prenatally diagnosed cases with a 45,X cell line. It is clear that in the absence of a 45,X cell line, the presence of an entire Yp or a region of it including SRY would lead to a male phenotype in an individual with a Y aneuploidy, whereas the lack of Yp invariably leads to a female phenotype with typical or atypical Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS). Once there is a 45,X cell line, regardless of whether there is Yp, Yq, or both Yp and Yq, or even a free Y chromosome in other cell line, there is an increased chance for that individual to be a phenotypic female with UTS manifestations or to have ambiguous external genitalia. This review once again shows a major difference in reported phenotypes between postnatally and prenatally diagnosed cases of 45,X/46,XY, 45,X/47,XYY, and 45,X/46,XY/47,XYY mosaicism. It appears that ascertainment bias can explain the fact that all known patients with postnatal diagnosis are phenotypically abnormal, while over 90% of prenatally diagnosed cases are reported to have a normal male phenotype. Further elucidation of major Y genes and their clinical significance can be expected in the rapidly expanding gene mapping projects. More, consequently better, phenotype/karyotype correlations can be anticipated at both the cytogenetic and the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Y Hsu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory of New York City, NY 10016
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ogata T, Tyler-Smith C, Purvis-Smith S, Turner G. Chromosomal localisation of a gene(s) for Turner stigmata on Yp. J Med Genet 1993; 30:918-22. [PMID: 8301645 PMCID: PMC1016599 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.11.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although recent cytogenetic and molecular studies in patients with Turner stigmata are consistent with a gene(s) for Turner stigmata being present on both Xp and Yp, the precise location has not been determined. In this report, we describe a phenotypically female infant with Turner stigmata and a partial Yp deletion and review genotype-phenotype correlations of the putative Turner gene(s) in non-mosaic patients with Y chromosome rearrangements resulting from chromosomal breakage at Yp or Yc (pericentromeric region). The results indicate that the putative Turner gene(s) on Yp is located in the Y specific region from interval 1A1A to interval 2B. In addition, assessment of ZFX/ZFY and RPS4X/RPS4Y in the context of the Turner gene(s) suggests that ZFX/ZFY rather than RPS4X/RPS4Y could be a candidate gene for the Turner stigmata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ogata
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qumsiyeh MB, Stevens CA. Two sibs with different phenotypes due to adjacent-1 segregation of a subtle translocation t(4;5)(p16.3;p15.3)mat. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:387-91. [PMID: 8135287 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution chromosome banding and in situ hybridization with combined cosmid and alphoid sequence probes were used to delineate a very small reciprocal translocation in a mother and her two children. The first child has a 46,XX,der(4)t(4;5)(p16.3;p15.3)mat and thus has a deletion of 4p16.3-->pter and a duplication of 5p15.3-->pter (most likely 5p15.31-->pter). Clinical findings include marked growth retardation, developmental delay, seizure disorder, microcephaly, unruly hair, broad nasal tip, downturned mouth, narrow palate, 11 pairs of ribs, mild right club foot, and a deep sacral dimple. Thus, this child has only a few non-specific manifestations of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. The second child has a 46,XY,der(5)t(4;5)(p16.3;p15.3)mat; thus a deletion of 5p15.3-->pter and a duplication of 4p16.3-->pter. He has failure to thrive, developmental delay, microcephaly, sparse hair, horizontal nystagmus, short upturned nose with flared nostrils, thin lips with overhanging upper lip, long fingers and toes, and hypertonicity. Findings in the second patient are not suggestive of cri du chat syndrome (del 5p). The mother is phenotypically normal. This translocation will be useful in mapping genes and markers on the 4p and 5p chromosomal regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Qumsiyeh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga 37403
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Van Hemel JO, Eussen B, Wesby-van Swaay E, Oostra BA. Molecular detection of a translocation (Y;11) (q11.2;q24) in a 45,X male with signs of Jacobsen syndrome. Hum Genet 1992; 88:661-7. [PMID: 1551671 DOI: 10.1007/bf02265294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 45,X karyotype was found in a boy with dysmorphic features, hypoglycaemia and pancytopenia. DNA analysis showed the presence of the Y-chromosomal DNA sequences SRY, ZFY, DYZ4, DYZ3 and DYS1. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we located DYZ4 and DYZ3 on chromosome 11qter and concluded that a de novo translocation (Y;11) (q11.2;q24) with a deletion of 11q24----qter and a deletion of Yq11.2----Yqter were present; Jacobsen syndrome and azoospermia are associated with these deletions. Signs of Jacobsen syndrome were observed in the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Van Hemel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|