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Downes K, Marcovecchio ML, Clarke P, Cooper JD, Ferreira RC, Howson JMM, Jolley J, Nutland S, Stevens HE, Walker NM, Wallace C, Dunger DB, Todd JA. Plasma concentrations of soluble IL-2 receptor α (CD25) are increased in type 1 diabetes and associated with reduced C-peptide levels in young patients. Diabetologia 2014; 57:366-72. [PMID: 24264051 PMCID: PMC3890035 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes is a common autoimmune disease that has genetic and environmental determinants. Variations within the IL2 and IL2RA (also known as CD25) gene regions are associated with disease risk, and variation in expression or function of these proteins is likely to be causal. We aimed to investigate if circulating concentrations of the soluble form of CD25, sCD25, an established marker of immune activation and inflammation, were increased in individuals with type 1 diabetes and if this was associated with the concentration of C-peptide, a measure of insulin production that reflects the degree of autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. METHODS We used immunoassays to measure sCD25 and C-peptide in peripheral blood plasma from patient and control samples. RESULTS We identified that sCD25 was increased in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with controls and replicated this result in an independent set of 86 adult patient and 80 age-matched control samples (p = 1.17 × 10(-3)). In 230 patients under 20 years of age, with median duration-of-disease of 6.1 years, concentrations of sCD25 were negatively associated with C-peptide concentrations (p = 4.8 × 10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The 25% increase in sCD25 in patients, alongside the inverse association between sCD25 and C-peptide, probably reflect the adverse effects of an on-going, actively autoimmune and inflammatory immune system on beta cell function in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Downes
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- Present Address: Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant, University of Cambridge, Long Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. Loredana Marcovecchio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Present Address: Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Clarke
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Jason D. Cooper
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- Present Address: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ricardo C. Ferreira
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Joanna M. M. Howson
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- Present Address: Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Jolley
- Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant, University of Cambridge, Long Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Nutland
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Helen E. Stevens
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Neil M. Walker
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Chris Wallace
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A. Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
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Dogan Y, Akarsu S, Ustundag B, Yilmaz E, Gurgoze MK. Serum IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6 in insulin-dependent diabetic children. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2006:59206. [PMID: 16864906 PMCID: PMC1570393 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/59206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disease
characterized by T-cell-dependent autoimmune destruction of the
insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islets of
Langerhans, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. T cells are
activated in response to islet-dominant autoantigens, the result
being the development of IDDM. Insulin is one of the islet
autoantigens responsible for the activation of T-lymphocyte
functions, inflammatory cytokine production, and development of
IDDM. The aim of this study was to investigate serum
concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in children IDDM. The study
population consisted of 27 children with IDDM and 25 healthy
controls. Children with IDDM were divided into three subgroups:
(1) previously diagnosed patients (long standing IDDM) (n : 15), (2) newly diagnosed patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
(before treatment) (n : 12), and (3) newly diagnosed patients
with diabetic ketoacidosis (after treatment for two weeks) (n : 12). In all stages of diabetes higher levels of IL-1β and
TNF- α and lower levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were detected. Our
data about elevated serum IL-1β, TNF- α and
decreased IL-2, IL-6 levels in newly diagnosed IDDM patients in
comparison with longer standing cases supports an activation of
systemic inflammatory process during early phases of IDDM which
may be indicative of an ongoing β-cell destruction.
Persistence of significant difference between the cases with IDDM
monitored for a long time and controls in terms of IL-1β,
IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α supports continuous activation during
the late stages of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Dogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Saadet Akarsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
- *Saadet Akarsu:
| | - Bilal Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Erdal Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Metin Kaya Gurgoze
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
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