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Yu J, Lei S, Fang S, Tai N, Yu W, Yang Z, Gu L, Wang H, Du X, Zhu B, Cai M. Identification, Characterization, and Cytological Analysis of Several Unexpected Hybrids Derived from Reciprocal Crosses between Raphanobrassica and Its Diploid Parents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091875. [PMID: 37176933 PMCID: PMC10181067 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization and accompanying backcross between crops and relatives have been recognized as a powerful method to broaden genetic diversity and transfer desirable adaptive traits. Crosses between radish (Raphanus sativus, RR, 2n = 18) and Brassica oleracea (CC, 2n = 18), which formed allotetraploid Raphanobrassica (RRCC, 2n = 36), initiated the construction of resynthetic allopolyploids. However, these progenies from the backcrosses between Raphanobrassica and the two diploid parents have not been well deciphered. Herein, thousands of backcrosses using both Raphanobrassica and the two diploid parents as pollen donors were employed. Several hybrids with expected (2n = 27) and unexpected chromosome numbers (2n = 26 and 2n = 36) were obtained. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with R-genome-specific sequences as probes demonstrated that the genome structures of the two expected hybrids were RRC and CCR, and the genome structures of the three unexpected hybrids were RRRC, CCCR, and RRC' (harbouring an incomplete C genome). The unexpected hybrids with extra R or C genomes showed similar phenotypic characteristics to their expected hybrids. FISH analysis with C-genome-specific sequences as probes demonstrated that the unexpected allotetraploid hybrids exhibited significantly more intergenomic chromosome pairings than the expected hybrids. The expected and unexpected hybrids provide not only novel germplasm resources for the breeding of radish and B. oleracea but also very important genetic material for genome dosage analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaolin Lei
- Guizhou Institute of Oil Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China
| | - Shiting Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Niufang Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mengxian Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Chen L, Ren W, Zhang B, Chen W, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J, Zhang Y. Organelle Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Novel Alloplasmic Male Sterility with orf112 in Brassica oleracea L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413230. [PMID: 34948024 PMCID: PMC8703919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B. oleracea Ogura CMS is an alloplasmic male-sterile line introduced from radish by interspecific hybridization and protoplast fusion. The introduction of alien cytoplasm resulted in many undesirable traits, which affected the yield of hybrids. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the composition and reduce the content of alien cytoplasm in B. oleracea Ogura CMS. In the present study, we sequenced, assembled, and compared the organelle genomes of Ogura CMS cabbage and its maintainer line. The chloroplast genome of Ogura-type cabbage was completely derived from normal-type cabbage, whereas the mitochondrial genome was recombined from normal-type cabbage and Ogura-type radish. Nine unique regions derived from radish were identified in the mitochondrial genome of Ogura-type cabbage, and the total length of these nine regions was 35,618 bp, accounting for 13.84% of the mitochondrial genome. Using 32 alloplasmic markers designed according to the sequences of these nine regions, one novel sterile source with less alien cytoplasm was discovered among 305 materials and named Bel CMS. The size of the alien cytoplasm in Bel CMS was 21,587 bp, accounting for 8.93% of its mtDNA, which was much less than that in Ogura CMS. Most importantly, the sterility gene orf138 was replaced by orf112, which had a 78-bp deletion, in Bel CMS. Interestingly, Bel CMS cabbage also maintained 100% sterility, although orf112 had 26 fewer amino acids than orf138. Field phenotypic observation showed that Bel CMS was an excellent sterile source with stable 100% sterility and no withered buds at the early flowering stage, which could replace Ogura CMS in cabbage heterosis utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wendi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Q, Xu B, Du Y, Peng A, Ren X, Si J, Song H. Development of Ogura CMS restorers in Brassica oleracea subspecies via direct Rfo B gene transformation. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1123-1132. [PMID: 33404672 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Ogura CMS RfoB restorer developing via RfoB gene transformation was utilized to produce specific morphological Ogura CMS restorers and clubroot resistance lines in Brassica oleracea subspecies. Brassica oleracea vegetables including cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts and Chinese kale are morphologically very different despite being members of the same species. The Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is the most stable strategy for the hybrid breeding of these species. However, this limits the utilization of some excellent genes due to the lack of fertile restorer genes in the system. Herein, to efficaciously use Ogura CMS, the Ogura CMS RfoB restorer was produced by transforming the modified RfoB restorer gene into the Ogura CMS line 'CMS2016' of B. oleracea var. capitata. This gene was shown to recover fertility of natural Ogura CMS lines in B. oleracea subspecies and create transient Ogura CMS RfoB restorers such as the clubroot resistance Ogura CMS RfoB restorer. Interestingly, clubroot resistant individuals without transgenic elements were screened in the progenies of hybrids between B. oleracea inbred lines and the clubroot resistance Ogura CMS RfoB restorer. In addition, 18 different morphological Ogura CMS restorers were developed to specifically recover fertile of Ogura CMS cultivars in B. oleracea subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangmei Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Peng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesong Ren
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Si
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyuan Song
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Arimura SI, Ayabe H, Sugaya H, Okuno M, Tamura Y, Tsuruta Y, Watari Y, Yanase S, Yamauchi T, Itoh T, Toyoda A, Takanashi H, Tsutsumi N. Targeted gene disruption of ATP synthases 6-1 and 6-2 in the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana by mitoTALENs. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1459-1471. [PMID: 33098708 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We recently achieved targeted disruptions of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-associated genes in the mitochondrial genomes of rice and rapeseed by using mitochondria-targeted transcription activator-like effector nucleases (mitoTALENs). It was the first report of stable and heritable targeted gene modification of plant mitochondrial genomes. Here, we attempted to use mitoTALENs to disrupt two mitochondrial genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana(Arabidopsis) using three different promoters and two types of TALENs. The targets were the two isoforms of the ATP synthase subunit 6 gene, atp6-1 and atp6-2. Each of these genes was successfully deleted and the mitochondrial genomes were recovered in a homoplasmic state. The nuclear genome also has a copy of atp6-1, and we were able to confirm that it was the mitochondrial gene and not the nuclear pseudogene that was knocked out. Among the three mitoTALEN promoters tried, the RPS5A promoter was the most effective. Conventional mitoTALENs were more effective than single-molecule mito-compactTALENs. Targeted mitochondrial gene deletion was achieved by crossing as well as by floral-dip transformation to introduce the mitoTALEN constructs into the nucleus. The gene disruptions were caused by large (kb-size) deletions. The ends of the remaining sequences were connected to distant loci, mostly by illegitimate homologous recombinations between repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Arimura
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ayabe
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugaya
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Miki Okuno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, M6-1, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tamura
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yu Tsuruta
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuta Watari
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shungo Yanase
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, M6-1, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hideki Takanashi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Yu HL, Li ZY, Ren WJ, Han FQ, Yang LM, Zhuang M, Lv HH, Liu YM, Fang ZY, Zhang YY. Creation of fertility-restored materials for Ogura CMS in Brassica oleracea by introducing Rfo gene from Brassica napus via an allotriploid strategy. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2825-2837. [PMID: 32613264 PMCID: PMC7497352 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ogura CMS fertility-restored materials, with 18 chromosomes, normal seed setting, stable fertility and closer genetic background to the parent Chinese kale, were successfully developed in B. oleracea via a triploid strategy for the first time. Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the most widely used sterile type in seed production for commercial hybrids of Brassica oleracea vegetables. However, the natural Ogura CMS restorer line has not been found in B. oleracea crops. In this study, the triploid strategy was used with the aim to create euploid B. oleracea progenies with the Rfo gene. The allotriploid AAC hybrid YL2 was used as a male parent to backcross with Ogura CMS Chinese kale. After successive backcrosses, the BC2 Rfo-positive individual 16CMSF2-11 and its BC3 progenies, with 18 chromosomes, were developed, which were morphologically identical to the parent Chinese kale. Compared with F1 and BC1 plants, it showed stable fertility performance, and regular meiosis behavior and could produce seeds normally under natural pollination. The genomic composition analysis of Rfo-positive progenies by using molecular markers showed that more than 87% of the C-genome components of BC3 Rfo-progenies recovered to the parent Chinese kale, while most or all of the An-genome segments were lost in 16CMSF2-11 and its progenies. The results suggested that the genetic background of Rfo-positive individuals was closer to that of the parent Chinese kale along with backcrossing. Hereof, the Ogura CMS fertility-restored materials of Chinese kale were successfully created via triploid strategy for the first time, providing a bridge for utilizing the Ogura CMS B. oleracea germplasm in the future. Moreover, our study indicates that the triploid strategy is effective for transferring genes from B. napus into B. oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Qing Han
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mei Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Qiao J, Zhang X, Chen B, Huang F, Xu K, Huang Q, Huang Y, Hu Q, Wu X. Comparison of the cytoplastic genomes by resequencing: insights into the genetic diversity and the phylogeny of the agriculturally important genus Brassica. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:480. [PMID: 32660507 PMCID: PMC7359470 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Brassica mainly comprises three diploid and three recently derived allotetraploid species, most of which are highly important vegetable, oil or ornamental crops cultivated worldwide. Despite being extensively studied, the origination of B. napus and certain detailed interspecific relationships within Brassica genus remains undetermined and somewhere confused. In the current high-throughput sequencing era, a systemic comparative genomic study based on a large population is necessary and would be crucial to resolve these questions. Results The chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA were synchronously resequenced in a selected set of Brassica materials, which contain 72 accessions and maximally integrated the known Brassica species. The Brassica genomewide cpDNA and mtDNA variations have been identified. Detailed phylogenetic relationships inside and around Brassica genus have been delineated by the cpDNA- and mtDNA- variation derived phylogenies. Different from B. juncea and B. carinata, the natural B. napus contains three major cytoplasmic haplotypes: the cam-type which directly inherited from B. rapa, polima-type which is close to cam-type as a sister, and the mysterious but predominant nap-type. Certain sparse C-genome wild species might have primarily contributed the nap-type cytoplasm and the corresponding C subgenome to B. napus, implied by their con-clustering in both phylogenies. The strictly concurrent inheritance of mtDNA and cpDNA were dramatically disturbed in the B. napus cytoplasmic male sterile lines (e.g., mori and nsa). The genera Raphanus, Sinapis, Eruca, Moricandia show a strong parallel evolutional relationships with Brassica. Conclusions The overall variation data and elaborated phylogenetic relationships provide further insights into genetic understanding of Brassica, which can substantially facilitate the development of novel Brassica germplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Biyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Singh S, Dey SS, Bhatia R, Kumar R, Behera TK. Current understanding of male sterility systems in vegetable Brassicas and their exploitation in hybrid breeding. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:231-256. [PMID: 31053901 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overview of the current status of GMS and CMS systems available in Brassica vegetables, their molecular mechanism, wild sources of sterile cytoplasm and exploitation of male sterility in hybrid breeding. The predominantly herbaceous family Brassicaceae (crucifers or mustard family) encompasses over 3700 species, and many of them are scientifically and economically important. The genus Brassica is an economically important genus within the tribe Brassicaceae that comprises important vegetable, oilseed and fodder crops. Brassica vegetables display strong hybrid vigor, and heterosis breeding is the integral part in their improvement. Commercial production of F1 hybrid seeds in Brassica vegetables requires an effective male sterility system. Among the available male sterility systems, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the most widely exploited in Brassica vegetables. This system is maternally inherited and studied intensively. A limited number of reports about the genic male sterility (GMS) are available in Brassica vegetables. The GMS system is reported to be dominant, recessive and trirecessive in nature in different species. In this review, we discuss the available male sterility systems in Brassica vegetables and their potential use in hybrid breeding. The molecular mechanism of mt-CMS and causal mitochondrial genes of CMS has been discussed in detail. Finally, the exploitation of male sterility system in heterosis breeding of Brassica vegetables, future prospects and need for further understanding of these systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S S Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Reeta Bhatia
- Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - T K Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
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Kazama T, Okuno M, Watari Y, Yanase S, Koizuka C, Tsuruta Y, Sugaya H, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Tsutsumi N, Toriyama K, Koizuka N, Arimura SI. Curing cytoplasmic male sterility via TALEN-mediated mitochondrial genome editing. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:722-730. [PMID: 31285556 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-specific nucleases are commonly used to modify the nuclear genome of plants. However, targeted modification of the mitochondrial genome of land plants has not yet been achieved. In plants, a type of male sterility called cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been attributed to certain mitochondrial genes, but none of these genes has been validated by direct mitochondrial gene-targeted modification. Here, we knocked out CMS-associated genes (orf79 and orf125) of CMS varieties of rice and rapeseed, respectively, using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) with mitochondria localization signals (mitoTALENs). We demonstrate that knocking out these genes cures male sterility, strongly suggesting that these genes are causes of CMS. Sequencing revealed that double-strand breaks induced by mitoTALENs were repaired by homologous recombination, and that during this process, the target genes and surrounding sequences were deleted. Our results show that mitoTALENs can be used to stably and heritably modify the mitochondrial genome in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Kazama
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Miki Okuno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Watari
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shungo Yanase
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Koizuka
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tsuruta
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugaya
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Toriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koizuka
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Arimura
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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9
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Kang L, Li P, Wang A, Ge X, Li Z. A Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus (inap CMS) with Carpelloid Stamens via Protoplast Fusion with Chinese Woad. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:529. [PMID: 28428799 PMCID: PMC5382163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Brassica napus (inap CMS) was selected from the somatic hybrid with Isatis indigotica (Chinese woad) by recurrent backcrossing. The male sterility was caused by the conversion of tetradynamous stamens into carpelloid structures with stigmatoid tissues at their tips and ovule-like tissues in the margins, and the two shorter stamens into filaments without anthers. The feminized development of the stamens resulted in the complete lack of pollen grains, which was stable in different years and environments. The pistils of inap CMS displayed normal morphology and good seed-set after pollinated by B. napus. Histological sections showed that the developmental alteration of the stamens initiated at the stage of stamen primordium differentiation. AFLP analysis of the nuclear genomic composition with 23 pairs of selective primers detected no woad DNA bands in inap CMS. Twenty out of 25 mitochondrial genes originated from I. indigotica, except for cox2-2 which was the recombinant between cox2 from woad and cox2-2 from rapeseed. The novel cox2-2 was transcribed in flower buds of inap CMS weakly and comparatively with the fertile B. napus addition line Me harboring one particular woad chromosome. The restorers of other autoplasmic and alloplasmic CMS systems in rapeseed failed to restore the fertility of inap CMS and the screening of B. napus wide resources found no fertility restoration variety, showing its distinct origin and the related mechanism of sterility. The reasons for the mitochondrial rearrangements and the breeding of the restorer for the novel CMS system were discussed.
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Jeong YM, Chung WH, Choi AY, Mun JH, Kim N, Yu HJ. The complete mitochondrial genome of cultivated radish WK10039 (Raphanus sativus L.). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:941-2. [PMID: 24937570 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.926496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of radish cultivar WK10039 (Raphanus sativus L.). The total length of the mtDNA sequence is 244,054 bp, with GC content of 45.3%. The radish mtDNA contains 82 protein-coding genes, 17 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Among the protein-coding genes, 34 encode proteins with known functions. There are two 5529 bp repeats in the radish mitochondrial genome that may contribute to DNA recombination resulting in at least three different forms of mtDNA in radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Jeong
- a Department of Life Science , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , Korea
| | - Won-Hyung Chung
- b Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Ah Young Choi
- c National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea , and
| | - Jeong-Hwan Mun
- d Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics , Myongji University , Yongin , Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- b Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Yu
- a Department of Life Science , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , Korea
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Eeckhaut T, Lakshmanan PS, Deryckere D, Van Bockstaele E, Van Huylenbroeck J. Progress in plant protoplast research. PLANTA 2013. [PMID: 23955146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review we focus on recent progress in protoplast regeneration, symmetric and asymmetric hybridization and novel technology developments. Regeneration of new species and improved culture techniques opened new horizons for practical breeding in a number of crops. The importance of protoplast sources and embedding systems is discussed. The study of reactive oxygen species effects and DNA (de)condensation, along with thorough phytohormone monitoring, are in our opinion the most promising research topics in the further strive for rationalization of protoplast regeneration. Following, fusion and fragmentation progress is summarized. Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies have led to better insights in fundamental processes such as cell wall formation, cell development and chromosome rearrangements in fusion products, whether or not obtained after irradiation. Advanced molecular screening methods of both genome and cytoplasmome facilitate efficient screening of both symmetric and asymmetric fusion products. We expect that emerging technologies as GISH, high resolution melting and next generation sequencing will pay major contributions to our insights of genome creation and stabilization, mainly after asymmetric hybridization. Finally, we demonstrate agricultural valorization of somatic hybridization through enumerating recent introgression of diverse traits in a number of commercial crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Eeckhaut
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Prabhu Shankar Lakshmanan
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deryckere
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Erik Van Bockstaele
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090, Melle, Belgium
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Wang J, Jiang J, Li X, Li A, Zhang Y, Guan R, Wang Y. Complete sequence of heterogenous-composition mitochondrial genome (Brassica napus) and its exogenous source. BMC Genomics 2012. [PMID: 23190559 PMCID: PMC3561098 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike maternal inheritance of mitochondria in sexual reproduction, somatic hybrids follow no obvious pattern. The introgressed segment orf138 from the mitochondrial genome of radish (Raphanus sativus) to its counterpart in rapeseed (Brassica napus) demonstrates that this inheritance mode derives from the cytoplasm of both parents. Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of five species from Brassica family allowed the prediction of other extraneous sources of the cybrids from the radish parent, and the determination of their mitochondrial rearrangement. RESULTS We obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of Ogura-cms-cybrid (oguC) rapeseed. To date, this is the first time that a heterogeneously composed mitochondrial genome was sequenced. The 258,473 bp master circle constituted of 33 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA sequences, and 23 tRNA sequences. This mitotype noticeably holds two copies of atp9 and is devoid of cox2-2. Relative to nap mitochondrial genome, 40 point mutations were scattered in the 23 protein-coding genes. atp6 even has an abnormal start locus whereas tatC has an abnormal end locus. The rearrangement of the 22 syntenic regions that comprised 80.11% of the genome was influenced by short repeats. A pair of large repeats (9731 bp) was responsible for the multipartite structure. Nine unique regions were detected when compared with other published Brassica mitochondrial genome sequences. We also found six homologous chloroplast segments (Brassica napus). CONCLUSIONS The mitochondrial genome of oguC is quite divergent from nap and pol, which are more similar with each other. We analyzed the unique regions of every genome of the Brassica family, and found that very few segments were specific for these six mitotypes, especially cam, jun, and ole, which have no specific segments at all. Therefore, we conclude that the most specific regions of oguC possibly came from radish. Compared with the chloroplast genome, six identical regions were found in the seven mitochondrial genomes, which show that the Brassica family has a stable chloroplast-derived source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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13
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Tanaka Y, Tsuda M, Yasumoto K, Yamagishi H, Terachi T. A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Ogura-type male-sterile cytoplasm and its comparative analysis with that of normal cytoplasm in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). BMC Genomics 2012; 13:352. [PMID: 22846596 PMCID: PMC3473294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant mitochondrial genome has unique features such as large size, frequent recombination and incorporation of foreign DNA. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is caused by rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome, and a novel chimeric open reading frame (ORF) created by shuffling of endogenous sequences is often responsible for CMS. The Ogura-type male-sterile cytoplasm is one of the most extensively studied cytoplasms in Brassicaceae. Although the gene orf138 has been isolated as a determinant of Ogura-type CMS, no homologous sequence to orf138 has been found in public databases. Therefore, how orf138 sequence was created is a mystery. In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of two radish mitochondrial genomes, namely, Ogura- and normal-type genomes, and analyzed them to reveal the origin of the gene orf138. RESULTS Ogura- and normal-type mitochondrial genomes were assembled to 258,426-bp and 244,036-bp circular sequences, respectively. Normal-type mitochondrial genome contained 33 protein-coding and three rRNA genes, which are well conserved with the reported mitochondrial genome of rapeseed. Ogura-type genomes contained same genes and additional atp9. As for tRNA, normal-type contained 17 tRNAs, while Ogura-type contained 17 tRNAs and one additional trnfM. The gene orf138 was specific to Ogura-type mitochondrial genome, and no sequence homologous to it was found in normal-type genome. Comparative analysis of the two genomes revealed that radish mitochondrial genome consists of 11 syntenic regions (length >3 kb, similarity >99.9%). It was shown that short repeats and overlapped repeats present in the edge of syntenic regions were involved in recombination events during evolution to interconvert two types of mitochondrial genome. Ogura-type mitochondrial genome has four unique regions (2,803 bp, 1,601 bp, 451 bp and 15,255 bp in size) that are non-syntenic to normal-type genome, and the gene orf138 was found to be located at the edge of the largest unique region. Blast analysis performed to assign the unique regions showed that about 80% of the region was covered by short homologous sequences to the mitochondrial sequences of normal-type radish or other reported Brassicaceae species, although no homology was found for the remaining 20% of sequences. CONCLUSIONS Ogura-type mitochondrial genome was highly rearranged compared with the normal-type genome by recombination through one large repeat and multiple short repeats. The rearrangement has produced four unique regions in Ogura-type mitochondrial genome, and most of the unique regions are composed of known Brassicaceae mitochondrial sequences. This suggests that the regions unique to the Ogura-type genome were generated by integration and shuffling of pre-existing mitochondrial sequences during the evolution of Brassicaceae, and novel genes such as orf138 could have been created by the shuffling process of mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- 31 Laboratory, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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14
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Xu XY, Liu JH, Deng XX. Isolation of cytoplasts from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and production of alloplasmic hybrid calluses via cytoplast-protoplast fusion. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2006; 25:533-9. [PMID: 16477406 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasm of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is known to influence seedlessness. Transfer of cytoplasm to a seedy cultivar could possibly lead to the production of seedless citrus fruits. In the present paper cytoplasts were isolated from cell suspension-derived protoplasts of Satsuma mandarin via ultra-centrifugation in a discontinuous gradient. No nucleus could be detected in the cytoplasts by DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining compared with normal protoplasts. The cytoplasts, with high viability and small size, did not divide during solid embedding culture. Cytoplasts of Satsuma mandarin were electrically fused with embryogenic protoplasts of Murcott tangor (C. reticulata x C. sinensis), which led to regeneration of several cell lines. Flow cytometry (FCM) indicated that the cell lines were diploids. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) and cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) showed that the cell lines got their nuclear DNA from the protoplast parent, whereas the cytoplast parent donated the mtDNA, confirming transfer of mtDNA from Satsuma mandarin into Murcott tangor via cytoplast-protoplast fusion though no polymorphism was detected in chloroplast DNA between the fusion partners. This is the first report on isolation and characterization of cytoplasts, together with cytoplast-protoplast fusion in Citrus, which has a potential for citrus cultivar improvement involving cytoplasm transfer via cytoplast-protoplast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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16
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18
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Sakai T, Imamura J. Alteration of mitochondrial genomes containing atpA genes in the sexual progeny of cybrids between Raphanus sativus cms line and Brassica napus cv. Westar. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 84:923-929. [PMID: 24201495 DOI: 10.1007/bf00227405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/1991] [Accepted: 11/11/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the fate of the mitochondrial genomes of cybrids derived from "donor-recipient" protoplast fusion between X-irradiated Raphanus sativus (cms line) and iodoacetamide-treated Brassica napus cv. Westar. Two out of ten fusion products were male-sterile with the diploid chromosome number of B. napus. The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the cybrids and their progeny were further analyzed by DNA-DNA hybridizaion using the pea mitochondrial ATPase subunit gene (atpA) as a probe. One cybrid, 18-3, had a 3.0 kb fragment characteristic of B. napus and a 2.0 kb non-parental fragment when the BamHI-digested DNA was hybridized with the probe. In the first-backcrossed progeny of this cybrid, the hybridization pattern was not stably inherited. A 4.0 kb radish fragment, not detectable in the cybrid, appeared in one of the BC1 generation siblings, and the 2.0 kb non-parental fragment was lost in another. The hybridization patterns in BC1 progeny siblings of cybrid 12-9 were also varied. The alteration of mtDNA in the cybrid progeny continued to the BC2 generation. There was no clear evidence of a heteroplasmic state or of sub-stoichiometric molecules in the mt genome of cybrid 18-3. A possible cause of the observed alteration in the mt genome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- Plantech Research Institute, 1000 Kamoshida, Midori-Ku, 227, Yokohama, Japan
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19
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Hall RD, Rouwendal GJ, Krens FA. Asymmetric somatic cell hybridization in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00283851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lelivelt CL, Krens FA. Transfer of resistance to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) into the Brassica napus L. gene pool through intergeneric somatic hybridization with Raphanus sativus L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 83:887-894. [PMID: 24202768 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/1991] [Accepted: 09/10/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An intergeneric somatic hybrid was obtained through PEG-induced protoplast fusion between Brassica napus L. (oil-seed rape, AACC, 2n=38) and a beet cyst nematode resistant genotype of Raphanus sativus L. (fodder radish, RR, 2n=18). The hybrid nature of the regenerated plant was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis, RFLP-analysis, and chromosome counts. Southern blot analysis of total DNA using pPhcPS1 (rbc-L) as probe indicated that the somatic hybrid contains chloroplasts of B. napus. The mitochondrial genome of the somatic hybrid was studied more extensively using several probes and restriction enzymes. The results indicate inter- or intraspecific mitochondrial DNA recombination. Resistance to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm., BCN) was expressed in the hybrid at a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lelivelt
- DLO - Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), PO Box 16, NL-6700, Wageningen, AA, The Netherlands
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