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El-Taher AM, Elzilal HA, Abd El-Raouf HS, Mady E, Alshallash KS, Alnefaie RM, Mahdy EMB, Ragab OG, Emam EA, Alaraidh IA, Randhir TO, Ibrahim MFM. Characterization of Some Cichorium Taxa Grown under Mediterranean Climate Using Morphological Traits and Molecular Markers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:388. [PMID: 36679101 PMCID: PMC9866365 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The verification of taxonomic identities is of the highest significance in the field of biological study and categorization. Morpho-molecular characterization can clarify uncertainties in distinguishing between taxonomic groups. In this study, we characterized five local taxa of the genus Cichorium using morphological and molecular markers for taxonomic authentication and probably future genetic improvement. The five Cichorium taxa grown under the Mediterranean climate using morphological traits and molecular markers showed variations. The examined taxa showed a widespread range of variations in leaf characteristics, i.e., shape, type, texture, margin, and apex and cypsela characteristics i.e., shape, color, and surface pattern. The phylogenetic tree categorized the Cichorium intybus var. intybus and C. intybus var. foliosum in a single group, whereas C. endivia var. endivia was grouped separately. However, C. endivia var. crispum and C. endivia subsp. pumilum were classified as a cluster. The recorded variance between classes using the molecular markers SCoT, ISSR, and RAPD was documented at 34.43%, 36.62%, and 40.34%, respectively. Authentication using molecular tools proved the usefulness of a dichotomous indented key, as revealed by morphological identification. The integrated methodology using morphological and molecular assessment could support improved verification and authentication of the various taxa of chicory. It seems likely that the Egyptian chicory belongs to C. endivia subsp. pumilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Taher
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hala A. Elzilal
- Department of Science and Technology, College of Ranyah, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Biology Department, University College, Taif University, Turaba 29731, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Mady
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M. Alnefaie
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. B. Mahdy
- National Gene Bank (NGB), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Osama G. Ragab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Elhassan A. Emam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ibrahim A. Alaraidh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy O. Randhir
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Patella A, Scariolo F, Palumbo F, Barcaccia G. Genetic Structure of Cultivated Varieties of Radicchio ( Cichorium intybus L.): A Comparison between F1 Hybrids and Synthetics. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070213. [PMID: 31295881 PMCID: PMC6681312 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cichorium intybus L., well known in Italy with the common name “Radicchio”, is an important leafy vegetable that is prevalently reproduced by allogamy due to very efficient barriers of self-incompatibility. Marker-assisted breeding is widely used by seed firms to develop new hybrid varieties that manifest genetic distinctiveness, uniformity and stability. A total of 29 mapped microsatellite markers were used for genotyping 504 samples of the Red of Chioggia biotype: First, two synthetics, four F1 hybrids and two derived F2 populations were compared to assess the distinctiveness of their gene pool and structure; then, the uniformity and stability of 3 years of production of a commercial F1 variety were also investigated. Genetic similarity and diversity statistics as well as the genetic structure of populations were analysed, including allele and genotype frequencies. The mean estimates and ranges of genetic similarity enabled the molecular discrimination of OP synthetics from F1 varieties and their F2 progenies and the determination of individual plant memberships. Moreover, the genetic structure of F1 hybrids produced in 3 years unexpectedly revealed two main clusters that discriminate the first 2 years from the 3rd, mainly because of the presence of uncommon specific alleles and different allele frequencies. Overall, this molecular information will enable breeders to determine the genetic distinctness, uniformity and stability of commercial and experimental varieties, as well as their genetic relationships and relatedness. Hence, this work provides a useful tool for achieving the molecular characterisation and genetic identification of different radicchio populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Patella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Francesco Scariolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy.
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
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Závada T, Malik RJ, Kesseli RV. Population structure in chicory ( Cichorium intybus): A successful U.S. weed since the American revolutionary war. Ecol Evol 2017. [PMID: 28649334 PMCID: PMC5478081 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant invasions are recognized as major drivers of ecosystem change, yet the precise cause of these invasions remains unknown for many species. Frequency and modes of introductions during the first, transport and colonization, stages of the invasion process as well as phenotypic changes due to plasticity or changing genetic diversity and adaptation during later establishment and expansion stages can all influence the "success" of invasion. Here, we examine some of these factors in, and the origin of, a very successful weed, Cichorium intybus (chicory) which was introduced to North America in the 18th century and which now can be found in all 48 continental U.S. states and much of Canada. We genotyped a Eurasian collection of 11 chicory cultivars, nine native populations and a North American collection of 20 introduced wild populations which span the species range (592 individuals in total). To detect the geographic sources of North American chicory populations and to assess the genetic diversity among cultivars, native, and introduced populations, we used both a sequenced cpDNA region and 12 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR), microsatellite loci. Four cpDNA haplotypes were identified and revealed clear geographic subdivisions in the chicory native range and an interspecific hybrid origin of Radicchio group. Nuclear data suggested that domesticated lines deliberately introduced to North America were major contributors to extant weedy populations, although unintended sources such as seed contaminants likely also played important roles. The high private allelic richness and novel genetic groups were detected in some introduced populations, suggesting the potential for local adaptation in natural sites such as deserts and nature reserves. Our findings suggest that the current populations of weedy U.S. chicory have evolved primarily from several sources of domesticated and weedy ancestors and subsequent admixture among escaped lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Závada
- Biology Department University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA.,Present address: Sterling College Craftsbury Common VT USA and
| | - Rondy J Malik
- Biology Department University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA.,Present address: Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Rick V Kesseli
- Biology Department University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA
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Liu WL, Shih HC, Weng IS, Ko YZ, Tsai CC, Chou CH, Chiang YC. Characterization of Genomic Inheritance of Intergeneric Hybrids between Ascocenda and Phalaenopsis Cultivars by GISH, PCR-RFLP and RFLP. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153512. [PMID: 27055268 PMCID: PMC4824505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intergeneric hybrids between Ascocenda John De Biase ‘Blue’ and Phalaenopsis Chih Shang's Stripes have been generated to introduce the blue color into the Phalaenopsis germplasm in prior study. In order to confirm the inheritance in hybrid progenies, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were conducted to confirm the intergeneric hybridization status. Methods/Results GISH analysis showed the presence of both maternal and paternal chromosomes in the cells of the putative hybrids indicating that the putative hybrid seedlings were intergeneric hybrids of the two parents. Furthermore, twenty-seven putative hybrids were randomly selected for DNA analysis, and the external transcribed spacer (ETS) regions of nrDNA were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and RFLP analyses to identify the putative hybrids. RFLP analysis showed that the examined seedlings were intergeneric hybrids of the two parents. However, PCR-RFLP analysis showed bias to maternal genotype. Conclusions Both GISH and RFLP analyses are effective detection technology to identify the intergeneric hybridization status of putative hybrids. Furthermore, the use of PCR-RFLP analysis to identify the inheritance of putative hybrids should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Liu
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chuan Shih
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - I-Szu Weng
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Zhu Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chu Tsai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCT); (CHC); (YCC)
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCT); (CHC); (YCC)
| | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCT); (CHC); (YCC)
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Kiers AM, Mes TH, van der Meijden R, Bachmann K. A search for diagnostic AFLP markers in Cichorium species with emphasis on endive and chicory cultivar groups. Genome 2000; 43:470-6. [PMID: 10902710 DOI: 10.1139/g00-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cichorium consists of two widely cultivated species C. intybus (chicory) and C. endivia (endive) and four wild species, C. bottae, C. spinosum, C. calvum, and C. pumilum. A multivariate and an UPGMA (unweighted pair group method average) analysis based on AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers were used to establish the genetic relationships among the species and cultivar groups of C. intybus and C. endivia. At the species level, the results correspond with previously obtained phylogenetic relationships in that C. bottae is the most divergent species, and C. intybus and C. spinosum, as well as C. endivia, C. pumilum, and C. calvum formed clusters. Based on the congruence between phylogenetic and genetic analyses, unique markers were expected for all species, however, hardly any specific marker was found except for C. bottae. The analysis of cultivar groups of C. intybus resembled the species analysis in two respects: (i) grouping of cultivars according to cultivar groups, and (ii) lack of markers unique to cultivar groups. In contrast to C. intybus, the cultivar series of C. endivia do not form distinct groups, which would reflect that crosses have been made among the various cultivar groups. The relationships among Cichorium species and cultivars will be useful for setting up a core collection of Cichorium, and stress the importance of inclusion of the wild species in the collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kiers
- Nationaal Herbarium Nederland-Universiteit Leiden Branch, The Netherlands.
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