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Indrasumunar A, Searle I, Lin MH, Kereszt A, Men A, Carroll BJ, Gresshoff PM. Nodulation factor receptor kinase 1α controls nodule organ number in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 65:39-50. [PMID: 21175888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two allelic non-nodulating mutants, nod49 and rj1, were characterized using map-based cloning and candidate gene approaches, and genetic complementation. From our results we propose two highly related lipo-oligochitin LysM-type receptor kinase genes (GmNFR1α and GmNFR1β) as putative Nod factor receptor components in soybean. Both mutants contained frameshift mutations in GmNFR1α that would yield protein truncations. Both mutants contained a seemingly functional GmNFR1β homeologue, characterized by a 374-bp deletion in intron 6 and 20-100 times lower transcript levels than GmNFR1α, yet both mutants were unable to form nodules. Mutations in GmNFR1β within other genotypes had no defects in nodulation, showing that GmNFR1β was redundant. Transgenic overexpression of GmNFR1α, but not of GmNFR1β, increased nodule number per plant, plant nitrogen content and the ability to form nodules with restrictive, ultra-low Bradyrhizobium japonicum titres in transgenic roots of both nod49 and rj1. GmNFR1α overexpressing roots also formed nodules in nodulation-restrictive acid soil (pH 4.7). Our results show that: (i) NFR1α expression controls nodule number in soybean, and (ii) acid soil tolerance for nodulation and suppression of nodulation deficiency at low titre can be achieved by overexpression of GmNFR1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arief Indrasumunar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaIndonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Szeged, HungaryAustralian Genome Research Facility, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Iain Searle
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaIndonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Szeged, HungaryAustralian Genome Research Facility, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Meng-Han Lin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaIndonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Szeged, HungaryAustralian Genome Research Facility, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Attila Kereszt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaIndonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Szeged, HungaryAustralian Genome Research Facility, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Artem Men
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaIndonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Szeged, HungaryAustralian Genome Research Facility, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bernard J Carroll
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaIndonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Szeged, HungaryAustralian Genome Research Facility, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Gresshoff
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaIndonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ANU, Canberra ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Szeged, HungaryAustralian Genome Research Facility, Brisbane, Australia
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Lestari P, VAN K, Kim MY, Hwang CH, Lee BW, Lee SH. Differentially expressed genes related to symbiotic association in a supernodulating soybean mutant and its wild-type. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2006; 7:235-247. [PMID: 20507443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY To understand the molecular basis of symbiotic association, a cDNA-AFLP technique was used to identify differentially expressed transcripts between a supernodulating soybean mutant, SS2-2, and its wild-type, Sinpaldalkong 2. As sources of cDNA-AFLP templates, trifoliates of 2-week-old plants were collected 1 week after Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation. A total of 147 bands out of 4000 amplicons were recognized as differentially expressed fragments, with 40 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) in SS2-2 and 65 TDFs in Sinpaldalkong 2. Qualitative and quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays suggested that the expression patterns of genes in both genotypes were clearly differentiated. TDFs homologous to nodulin (65S2) and a putative senescence-associated protein (9S1) were up-regulated in SS2-2, whereas Sinpaldalkong 2 showed up-regulation of a receptor-like kinase (48sin1) and a kinase-like protein (17sin1). This indicates that different genes may be involved in regulation of the symbiotic programme that distinguishes SS2-2 from its wild-type. A TDF showing a change in a single base from A (Sinpaldalkong 2) to T (SS2-2) in this study was identified as a Glycine max nodule autoregulation receptor-like protein kinase precursor, previously identified by map-based cloning. These results demonstrate that cDNA-AFLP is a powerful technique to detect interesting genes without prior assumptions about the nature of the genes. The differentially expressed genes between Sinpaldalkong 2 and SS2-2 suggest that different signal transduction pathways for symbiosis may be involved in the two soybean genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puji Lestari
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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Penmetsa RV, Frugoli JA, Smith LS, Long SR, Cook DR. Dual genetic pathways controlling nodule number in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:998-1008. [PMID: 12644652 PMCID: PMC166865 DOI: 10.1104/pp.015677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2002] [Revised: 11/11/2002] [Accepted: 12/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation and characterization of a new Medicago truncatula hyper-nodulation mutant, designated sunn (super numeric nodules). Similar to the previously described ethylene-insensitive mutant sickle, sunn exhibits a 10-fold increase in the number of nodules within the primary nodulation zone. Despite this general similarity, these two mutants are readily distinguished based on anatomical, genetic, physiological, and molecular criteria. In contrast to sickle, where insensitivity to ethylene is thought to be causal to the hyper-nodulation phenotype (R.V. Penmetsa, D.R. Cook [1997] Science 275: 527-530), nodulation in sunn is normally sensitive to ethylene. Nevertheless, sunn exhibits seedling root growth that is insensitive to ethylene, although other aspects of the ethylene triple response are normal; these observations suggest that hormonal responses might condition the sunn phenotype in a manner distinct from sickle. The two mutants also differ in the anatomy of the nodulation zone: Successful infection and nodule development in sunn occur predominantly opposite xylem poles, similar to wild type. In sickle, however, both infection and nodulation occur randomly throughout the circumference of the developing root. Genetic analysis indicates that sunn and sickle correspond to separate and unlinked loci, whereas the sunn/skl double mutant exhibits a novel and additive super-nodulation phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest a working hypothesis wherein sunn and sickle define distinct genetic pathways, with skl regulating the number and distribution of successful infection events, and sunn regulating nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Varma Penmetsa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Caetano-Anollés G, Bassam BJ, Gresshoff PM. Enhanced detection of polymorphic DNA by multiple arbitrary amplicon profiling of endonuclease-digested DNA: identification of markers tightly linked to the supernodulation locus in soybean. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1993; 241:57-64. [PMID: 8232212 DOI: 10.1007/bf00280201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple endonuclease digestion of template DNA or amplification products can increase significantly the detection of polymorphic DNA in fingerprints generated by multiple arbitrary amplicon profiling (MAAP). This coupling of endonuclease cleavage and amplification of arbitrary stretches of DNA, directed by short oligonucleotide primers, readily allowed distinction of closely related fungal and bacterial isolates and plant cultivars. MAAP analysis of cleaved template DNA enabled the identification of molecular markers linked to a developmental locus of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-induced supernodulating, near-isogenic lines altered in the nts locus, which controls nodule formation, could be distinguished from each other and from the parent cultivar by amplification of template pre-digested with 2-3 restriction enzymes. A total of 42 DNA polymorphisms were detected using only 19 octamer primers. In the absence of digestion, 25 primers failed to differentiate these soybean genotypes. Several polymorphic products co-segregated tightly with the nts locus in F2 families from crosses between the allelic mutants nts382 and nts1007 and the ancestral G. soja Sieb. & Succ. PI468.397. Our results suggest that EMS is capable of inducing extensive DNA alterations, probably around discrete mutational hot-spots. EMS-induced DNA polymorphisms may constitute sequence-tagged markers diagnostic of specific genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caetano-Anollés
- Institute of Agriculture and Center for Legume Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 38901-1071
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